人教新目标八下教学设计Review of units 4--5

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Review of units 4--5
　　一. 重点词汇短语
　　1. as well as
　　　 as well as同，和，也；既……也……。
　　　 如：
　　　 John can speak Chinese as well as French.
　　　 约翰会说法语，也会说中文。
　　　 It is important for you as well as for me.
　　　 它不只对我重要，对你也是一样。
　　　 We shall travel by night as well as by day.
　　　 我们白昼、晚上都要赶路。
　　　 as well 在口语中用得很多，用法和 too 完全一样，可以互换，通常位于句末。
　　　 如：
　　　 She not only sings also plays the piano as well．
　　　 她不但会唱歌，而且会弹钢琴。
　　　 I can do it as well．
　　　 这事我也能做。
　　2. “see sb. do sth.”意思是“看见某人做过什么”，它强调动作完成了，而“see sb. doing sth.” 意思是“看见某人正在做什么”，它强调动作正在进行。
　　　 例如:
　　　 I saw him crossing the street.
　　　 我看见他正在过马路。
　　　 I saw him cross the street.
　　　 我看见他过马路了。
　　　 I heard him singing in the next room.
　　　 我听见他在隔壁唱歌。
　　　 I heard him sing in the next room.
　　　 我听见他在隔壁唱歌了。
　　3. worth是一个只能作表语的形容词，意为“值……的”、“相当于……的价值的”。由于它类似介词，须后接名词或动名词（有被动的含义）作宾语。
　　　 如：
　　　 The used car is still worth $200．
　　　 这辆二手车依然值200美元。
　　　 Is the exhibition worth a visit／visiting？
　　　 这个展览会值得去观赏吗？
　　　 It’s not worth getting angry with him．
　　　 犯不着跟他生气。
　　　 It isn’t worth waiting for him.
　　　 不值得等他。
　　4. when/while
　　　 when 既可用于一点时间(从句的谓语动词需用终止性动词)， 也可用于一段时间(从句的动词用延续性动词)， 从句与主句里面的谓语动词所表示的动作或状态能同时发生或一先一后分别发生。
　　　 例如：
　　　 He wants to help people when they are ill.
　　　 他想在人们生病时协助他们。
　　　 When he got to Shanghai，the ship had already set off.
　　　 他到达上海时，轮船已经开走了。
　　　 while只能用于指一段时间(从句的谓语动词必需是延续性的)，从句与主句里面的谓语动词所表示的动作只能同时发生，不能一前一后发生。
　　　 例如：
　　　 One day while they were working in the fields，some farmers saw something strange in the sky. 有一天，一些农民在田间劳动的时候，看见空中有些奇怪的东西。
　　　 While I was reading，my mother was washing clothes.
　　　 我读书时，我妈妈在洗衣服。
　　　 这两个词还可以用作并列连词。when 是“在那时”或“这时突然”(and just at that time)的意思， 用来连接两个并列分句，有时 when分句前有逗号把前后两个分句分开。
　　　 例如：
　　　 An Arab was walking alone through the desert when he met two men.
　　　 有个阿拉伯人正独自在沙漠里行走，这时他碰见了两个人。
　　　 I stayed till sunset，when it began to rain.
　　　 我一直呆到太阳下山， 天开始下雨了。
　　　 while 意为“而，却”，表示对照关系。
　　　 例如：
　　　 Instead，he asked his father why he was not able to hatch chickens while hens could.
　　　 他反而问他父亲，为什么他不能孵出小鸡，而母鸡却能。
　　5. instead和instead of
　　　 instead是副词，意为“代替”，“顶替”，在句中作状语。
　　　 例如：
　　　 If you are busy，you may come another day instead．
　　　 要是你忙的话，就改日再来吧。
　　　 He never studies．Instead，he plays all day and all night．
　　　 他不学习，而整日整夜地玩。
　　　 instead of是介词短语，表示“代替”的意义时，经常和in place of互换使用，其后常可用名词、代词、动名词；instead of还含有“对比”的意思。
　　　 如：
　　　 Give me that dictionary instead of this one．
　　　 把那本字典给我而不是这一本。（代替）
　　　 I want to fly to Being instead of taking a train．
　　　 我想坐飞机去北京不想坐火车去。（代替）
　　　 This book is dull instead of interesting.
　　　 这本书不但无趣，反倒枯燥无味。（对比）
　　　 In the morning，we get up early instead of late．
　　　 早晨我们起早不起晚。（对比）
　　6. be good for和be good at
　　　 be good for意为“有益于…”，“对…有用”，后面接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式；
　　　 be good at意为“在…方面好”，“擅善于”，后面也可接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。
　　　 例如：
　　　 This medicine is good for fever.
　　　 这种药对治疗发烧有效。
　　　 This kind of wood is good for making boxes.
　　　 这种木料适合用来做箱子。
　　　 He is good at English.
　　　 他英语学得好。
　　　 Tom is good at swimming.
　　　 汤姆很会游泳。
　　7. too…to…意为“太……而不能”，表示否定。
　　　 如：
　　　 He is too excited to say a word．
　　　 他激动得一句话也说不出来。
　　　 too…not to…意为“太……不能不”，表示肯定。
　　　 如：
　　　 You are too angry not to say it．
　　　 你在气愤之下，难免要说出这样的话来。
　　　 He is too careful not to have noticed it．
　　　 他那么细心，不会不注意到这一点的。
　　　 This coffee is too hot not to drunk．
　　　 咖啡不是太烫，可以喝。
　　　 not too…to…意为“并非太…而不能”，表示肯定。
　　　 如：
　　　 His grandfather is not too old to do so．
　　　 他祖父并非老到不能做这事。
　　二. 重点语法
　　Ⅰ. 直接引语和间接引语
　　直接引语变间接引语就是写成宾语从句或动词不定式短语，要注意以下几点：
　　人称变化、时态变化、时间以和地点变化。
在直接引语中在间接引语中
指示代词this
thesethat

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those
时间状语now
today
yesterday
last week
tomorrow
next year
a few days agothen
that day
the day before
the week before
the next day
the next year
a few days before
地点状语herethere
动词时态一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般将来时一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去完成时
（不变）
过去将来时
动词变化will/may/can
must
come
bringwould/might/could
had to
go
take
　　1. 直接引语是陈说句，变成间接引语，由连词that 引导。
　　　 例如：
　　　 The teacher said，“ I am very happy to hear the news.”
　　　 →The teacher said that he was very happy to hear the news.
　　　 （注意人称、时态的变化）
　　2. 直接引语是一般、选择或反问疑问句，变成间接引语，由连词whether或if 引导。
　　　 例如：
　　　 He asked me，“Are you free tomorrow?”
　　　 →He asked me if/whether I was free the next day.
　　　 （注意人称、时态和时间状语的变化）
　　3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，由相应的疑问词引导，如who，whom，what，whose，how，when， why，where等。
　　　 例如：
　　　 Jenny asked me，“ Where is Mary from?”
　　　 →Jenny asked me where Mary was from.
　　　 (注意：间接引语一定要用陈说句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。)
　　4. 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell，ask，order的宾语。
　　　 例如：
　　　 “Be careful”，the teacher said.
　　　 →The teacher told us to be careful.
　　　 My teacher asked me， “ Don’t laugh.”
　　　 →My teacher asked me not to laugh.
　　　 (注意：否定句，在动词不定式前加not)　
　　5. 直接引语是客观事实、永恒真理，变成间接引语时，时态不变。
　　　 例如：
　　　 They told their son，“The earth goes round the sun.”
　　　 →They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.
　　Ⅱ. 现在进行时表示将来的时间
　　1. 用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、布置即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词，如：go，come，leave，arrive等，也可用于其他动作动词。
　　　 如：
　　　 We are having fish for dinner.
　　　 我们晚饭吃鱼。
　　　 We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow.
　　　 后天我们会去另外一个旅馆。
　　　 这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，假如不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。
　　　 A: Where are you going?
　　　 B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me?
　　　 A: Yes，I am just coming. Wait for me.
　　2. 现在进行时表示将来和用be going to 表示将来意思比较接近，但是现在进行时更强调事先已布置好，即将去做的事情，而be going to 一般只表示打算做某事，有做某事的意图。我们来看两个例子：
　　　 如：
　　　 She is having a meeting at 9 tomorrow.
　　　 她明天早晨9点有个会。
　　　 We are leaving for London next week.
　　　 我们下周动身去伦敦。
　　　 这两个句子里就是用现在进行时表示将来已经布置好要做的事情。
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　　三. 检测练习
　　Ⅰ. 选词填空。用方框中所给词或词组的适当形式填空，每个词或词组只能使用一次。
old，win，see，how long，with，in，be
　　1. _____________ the help of our teacher，we’ve made great progress.
　　2.“What can _____________ from the space?”“Sorry，I don’ t know.”
　　3. Zhaozhou Bridge is the ________ stone bridge in the world.
　　4. He has_________________ away for half an hour.
　　5. I don’ t think it easy for us ___________ the football match.
　　6. The lady ____________ red is going to get married soon.
　　7.“______________ will the hot weather last?”“I hope not too long.”
　　Ⅱ. 单项选择。从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。
　　1. I was reading a newspaper ________ he came in.
　　A. as soon as　　 　
　　B. since 　　
　　C. while 　　
　　D. when
　　2. Bill isn’t here. He’s late ______.
　　A. usually 　
　　B. as uaually 　
　　C. so usual 　
　　D. as usual
　　3. He was ill but _______.
　　A. refused to leave his office
　　B. asked for leave
　　C. asked for help
　　D. asked his boss for half a day’s leave
　　4. This shirt is so nice，but it _________ too much.
　　A. pays　
　　B. costs　
　　C. takes　
　　D. spends
　　5. What ＿＿＿ interesting book it is！
　　A. a　
　　B. an　
　　C. the　
　　D. /
　　6. Li Ming is a new student in our class. He _______ here for only a month.
　　A. has come　　　
　　B. has been　　　
　　C. came　　　　
　　D. was
　　7. This is a busy street，we see buses ______ all the time.
　　A. came and went　
　　B. to come and go　
　　C. come and go
　　D. comes and goes
　　8. While she ______，she cut herself.
　　A. was cooking　　
　　B. cooked　　　
　　C. had cooked　　
　　D. cooks
　　9. --You look tired， Sue.
　　　 --Yes. I _______ last night.
　　A. didn’t sleep well　　　　　　　　
　　B. haven’ t slept well
　　C. hadn’t slept well　　　　　　　　
　　D. don’t sleep well
　　10. David often gets first in exams，but this time he ________ some of his classmates.
　　A. fell behind　　　
　　B. fell down　　　
　　C. fell over　　　
　　D. fell off
　　Ⅲ. 阅读理解。根据短文内容，从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。
　　Chess must be one of the oldest games in the world. An Arab traveler in India in the year 900 wrote that it was place “long ago”. Chess was probably invented in India，and it has been played everywhere from Japan to Europe since 1400. The name“chess”is interesting. When one player is attacking the other’s king，he says，in English，“check”. When the king has been caught and cannot move anywhere，he says，“checkmate”. These words come from Persian.“Shah mat”means“the king is dead”. That is when the game is over，and one player has won.
　　Such an old game changes very slowly. The rules have not always been the same as they are now. For example，at one time the queen could only move one square at a time. Now she is the strongest piece on the board. It could be interesting to know why this has happened! Chess takes time and thought，but it is a game for all kinds of people. You don’t have to be a champion(冠军) in order to enjoy it. It is not always played by two people sitting at the same table. The first time the Americans beat the Russians was in a match played by radio. Some of the chess masters are able to play among many people at the same time. The record was when one man played 400 games! It is said that some people play chess by post. This must take chess the slowest game in the world.
　　1. Which of the following is known to be true?
　　A. Chess is an old Indian traveling game.
　　B. Chess is the oldest game in the world.
　　C. Chess was played in Japan and Europe before 1400.
　　D. Chess was played in India before 900.
　　2. One player has won the game when ________.
　　A. he attacks the other player’s king
　　B. he says some Persian words
　　C. the other player’s king can not move anywhere
　　D. he says “check” to the other player
　　3. Which of the following is NOT correct?
　　A. All kinds of people can play chess sitting at the same table.
　　B. Only two people can play chess sitting at the same table.
　　C. Some people write to each other playing chess.
　　D. The Russian lost the game played by radio.
　　4. According to the old rule of the game _________.
　　A. the queen was the strongest piece on the board
　　B. the king had to be attacked all the time
　　C. the queen could move no more than one square at a time
　　D. The chess was a game only for the queen
　　Ⅳ. 完形填空。通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选择能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
　　It was Monday. Mrs. Smith’s dog was 　1　， but there was not any meat in the house. Thinking that there was no 　2　 way，Mrs. Smith took a piece of paper，and wrote the following words 　3　 it:“Give my dog half a pound of meat.”Then she gave the paper to her dog and said: “　4　 this to the butcher(卖肉者)，and he’s going to give you your lunch today.”
　　　5　 the piece of paper in its mouth，the

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dog ran to the butcher’s shop. It gave the paper to the butcher. The butcher read it 　6　，recognized(识别) that it was 　7　 the lady’s handwriting and soon did 　8　 he was asked to. The dog was very happy，and ate the meat up at once.
　　At midday，the dog came to the shop again. It gave the butcher a piece of paper again. After reading it，he gave half a pound of meat 　9　.
　　The next day，the dog came again just at midday. And as usual，it brought a piece of paper in the mouth. This time，the butcher did not take a look at the paper，and gave the dog
　10　 meat，for he had regarded the dog as one of his customers(顾客).
　　But，the dog came again at four o’clock. And the same thing happened once again，To the butcher’s surprise，it came for the third time at six o’clock. The butcher 　11　 puzzled(疑惑). He said to himself，“This is a small dog. Why does Mrs. Smith give it so much meat to eat today?”
　　Looking 　12　 the piece of paper，he found that there were not any words there.
　　1. A. hungry　　　 　 B. thirsty　　　　 C. hot　　　　 　 D. ill
　　2. A. another　　　 　B. other　　　　　 C. others　　　 　D. the other
　　3. A. under　　　 　　B. in　　　　　 　　C. on　　　　 　　D. above
　　4. A. Take　　　　 　 B. Bring　　　　 　C. Get　　　　 　 D. Carry
　　5. A. Picking　　　 　B. Having　　　 　 C. Dropping　　　 D. Holding
　　6. A. carefully　　　 B. quietly　　　 　C. slowly　　　 　D. clearly
　　7. A. possibly　　　　B. really　　　　　C. exactly　　　　D. strongly
　　8. A. when　　　 　　 B. like　　　　　　C. as　　　　 　　 D. after
　　9. A. too　　　　 　　B. also　　　　 　 C. again　　　　 　D. either
　　10. A. its　　　　 　 B. his　　　　 　　C. himself　　　 　D. it
　　11. A. felt　　　　 　B. turned　　　　　C. stayed　　　 　 D. kept
　　12. A. at　　　　 　　B. for　　　　　 　C. into　　　　 　 D. up
　　Ⅴ. 根据适号内的要求，完成下列句型转换：
　　1. The baby has four meals a day.（对划线局部提问）
　　　 _______ ________ meals a day _______ the baby ______?
　　2. Linda is watching carefully.（改为感叹句）
　　　 _________ _________ _________ _________ watching!
　　3. The children stopped playing. They saw the teacher coming in.（合并成一个复合句）
　　　 The children stopped playing ________ ________ ________ they saw the teacher coming in.
　　4. Mr Li said something at the meeting.（改为一般疑问句）
　　　 _________ Mr Li _________ ________ at the meeting?
　　5. Mother said，“Don’t go alone at night.”（改为简单句）
　　　 Mother told me ________ ________ go alone at night.
参考答案
　　Ⅰ. 选词填空
　　1. With　with the help of sb. 在某人的协助下。
　　2. be seen　
　　3. oldest　比较范围是世界，应该用最高级。
　　4. been　　　
　　5. to win　不定式做真正的主语。
　　6. in　表示状态，穿……衣服。
　　7. How long　
　　Ⅱ. 单项选择。
　　1. D　 “我在看报时，他突然走了进来”when相当于just at that time“就在那时”，而那一瞬间正在进行的动作主句用了过去进行时，A，B两项均不合题意，而while一般表示“与……同时”，两个动作在某一时段内同时进行，也不合题意，故选D正确。
　　2. D　 as usual 像平常一样。
　　3. A　 ①refuse to do sth. 不肯做某事；　②必需重视句中的并列连词but ，表示转折。
　　4. B　 “这件衬衣很棒，但是太贵”。pay和spend主语应是人，排除A，D。It takes/ took sb. time to do sth. “花了某人多少时间做某事”，根据上下文，题干中的it指"衬衣"，不会表示为“衬衣花多少时间”，排除C。sth. costs /cost (sb.) money“某物花了（某人）多少钱”，题干局部应理解为“衬衣要花费太多的钱”，选B正确。
　　5. B　 这是感叹句，因为移到原一般句前面的强调局部中有可数名词book，所以应加冠词，而interesting的第一音素是元音所以要加an。
　　6. B　 for后于一段时间连用，应该用完成时。
　　7. C　 see sb / sth. do / doing。
　　8. A　
　　9. A　 last night暗示用过去时。
　　10. A　fall behind 落后于……。
　　Ⅲ. 阅读理解。
　　1.D　　第一段第二句话标明。
　　2.C　 “When the king has been caught and cannot move anywhere…” 标明。
　　3.B　 “It is not always played by two people sitting at the same table.” 标明。
　　4.C　 “at one time the queen could only move one square at a time” 标明。
　　Ⅳ. 完形填空
　　1. A　　2. B　　3. C　　4. A　　 5. D　　 6. A　　
　　7. B　　8. C　　9. C　　10. A　　11. A　　12. A
　　Ⅴ. 句型转换
　　1. How many，does，have
　　2. How carefully is Linda
　　3. as soon as
　　4. Did，say，anything
　　5. not to
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