中考英语书面表达常见错误分析

lspjy

句型结构、固定搭配错误

要点领悟
        马克思生在德国,他非常擅长学习语言。他不仅能自如地运用英语,而且只用了六个月时间就掌握了足够的俄文,能阅读俄文版的报刊和杂志。不过,他在介绍英语学习的经验时,也曾诉苦说:“I am not too sure about two things, the grammar and some of the idioms.”。英语学习中,句型结构和固定搭配的确是初学者的“拦路虎”。



信息提示

众所周知吸烟有害健康。请以“Smoking is harmful to health”为题写一篇至少100词的英语短文,来介绍一下吸烟的危害,以唤起人们戒烟。



习作实况
                                     Smoking is harmful to health
        As (1) is known to all that smoking is bad for health. In China there have (2) millions of smokers. Each year millions of people die from smoking.
        Smoking makes many people ill. Those who often smoke have black teeth. Lots of smokers cough day and night. Lung cancer is one of the most serious illnesses that are caused by smoking. Many people suffer from this terrible disease and lose their lives.



        Smoking does harm not only to smokers themselves, but also to non-smokers, especially women and children. They may have their health harm (3) because of the smoke caused by cigarettes.



Everyone agrees that smoking is not good for health, but it is not easy for smokers to giving up smoking (4). I hope all the smokers will stop smoking for the good of their own health and also for the people around them. Let’s enjoying (5) clean and fresh air together.



精讲点拨
(1)将As改为It。“It is known to all that+从句”是一个固定结构。意思是“众所周知……”。



(2)句型there is/are表示“某地有某物”，该句型强调“存在”，而have/has常用来表达“某人有某物”，强调“所有”，其主语通常是人。因此，将have改为are。
(3)将harm改为harmed。“have sth. done”是一个固定结构,意思是“使 / 让某物遭受……”。本句的意思是“吸烟产生的毒气很可能使他们(妇女、儿童)的健康遭受到侵害”,因为health被smoke损害,因此,要用过去分词harmed,以表示被动的含义。
(4)英语中表达“某人做某事很不容易”常用句型“It is not easy for sb. to do sth.”。 应将giving up smoking改为give up smoking。
(5)let’s后要跟动词原形构成“Let’s do sth.”结构。应将enjoying改为enjoy。


精彩例文
                               Smoking is harmful to health
         It is known to all that smoking is bad for health. In China there are millions of smokers. Each year millions of people die from smoking.
        Smoking makes many people ill. Those who often smoke have black teeth. Lots of smokers cough day and night. Lung cancer is one of the most serious illnesses that are caused by smoking. Many people suffer from this terrible disease and lose their lives.
        Smoking does harm not only to smokers themselves, but also to non-smokers, especially women and children. They may have their health harmed because of the smoke caused by cigarettes.
        Everyone agrees that smoking is not good for health, but it is not easy for smokers to give up smoking. I hope all the smokers will stop smoking for the good of their own health and also for the people around them. Let’s enjoy clean and fresh air together.

lspjy

人称和时态误用

要点领悟

人称和时态的误用是英语书面表达中最为常见的错误。英文写作对人称和时态的要求很严格。常用的时态有八种之多,初中阶段最常见有六种动词时态。在写作时,英语初学者要准确判断一个动作应该用哪种时态来表示。首先要判断动作发生的时间是现在、过去还是将来,注意动作是在进行还是已经完成等,据此确定该用什么时态;然后,要熟练掌握各种时态所必须使用的谓语动词结构和词形变化;整篇文章完成后,要检查“时态、语态、主谓一致”等是否正确。这样就可以少犯错误。



信息提示




电脑是当代的高科技产品(a high-tech product),在我们的生活中越来越普及,几乎深入到每个家庭。电脑可以帮我们处理(handle)很多事情。列举一些事例,写一篇关于电脑在日常生活中的用途的文章,说明电脑的利弊。



习作实况
        The computer — a high-tech product, has become so popular that they are (1) seen in almost every family. It is playing an important role in our everyday life. The computer will help (2) us handle many matters: official business, chat online, study, sending e-mails, long-distance education and entertainment such as listening to music and watching video.



But we also know that the computer was (3) bad for our eyes, especially for the young kids’. Now there are more and more children who have to wear glasses in order to see clearly. Many children become near-sighted, and they are doing worse and worse in their studies because they spend too much time playing computer games. So if you will want (4) to have beautiful and bright eyes and gain (获取) some useful knowledge when we (5) are young, the most important thing you will do is to plan your time carefully and well. Only in this way can you have a bright future.



精讲点拨
        (1)作者在文章开头使用了the computer一词,来代表电脑这一类产品。因此,that从句中如果使用they are,就和句首的主语the computer(单数名词)不一致,因此应将they are 改为it is。
        (2)众所周知,电脑在我们的日常生活中正在起着很重要的作用。因此,不能理解成电脑将要帮助我们处理很多事务,而是现在(每天)电脑都在帮助人们处理日常事务,这种help是经常的,反复发生的,应用一般现在时。因此,要改为 helps。
        (3)我们看到的事实是,电脑在为人们做了大量的好事的同时,也给人们带来了麻烦。而且,这种困扰现在就存在,即:电脑天天在损害我们的健康和眼睛。应用一般现在时is。



(4) want一词一般没有将来时。另外,本句是由if引导的条件状语从句,按英语的时态规则“主句用一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时”。 将will want改为want。
        (5)将we改为you。从本句的条件句可以看出,“如果你在年轻的时候,既想学到知识,又想拥有一双明亮的眼睛,你就记住,玩电脑可不要超越底线。”在这里,前后句的人称要保持一致。



精彩例文
         The computer — a high-tech product, has become so popular that it is seen in almost every family. It is playing an important role in our everyday life. The computer helps us handle many matters: official business, chat online, study, sending e-mails, long-distance education and entertainment such as listening to music and watching video.
         But we also know that the computer is bad for our eyes, especially for the young kids’. Now there are more and more children who have to wear glasses in order to see clearly. Many children become near-sighted, and they are doing worse and worse in their studies because they spend too much time playing computer games. So if you want to have beautiful and bright eyes and gain some useful knowledge when you are young, the most important thing you will do is to plan your time carefully and well. Only in this way can you have a bright future.

lspjy

语态错误【要点领悟】
        英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态,主要由动词的变化形式来体现。英语中有些不及物动词或不及物动词词组,汉语理解往往是及物的,而不及物动词却有汉语中及物动词的意思,所以同学们在平时的英语学习中要特别注意这一点。
【信息提示】
         比较下面两幅图片。请以“Great Changes in Our Country”为题写一篇短文,介绍改革开放20多年来祖国的巨大的变化。词数80左右。

提示词: overpass  天桥
【习作实况】
                                      Great Changes in Our Country
      Great changes have been (1) taken place in our country. Many buildings have been builded (2) in cities and towns, even at villages. The more cars we have, the more crowded the roads are. So the roads were become (3) wider and wider. Many overpasses have been builded (4) in big cities. Chinese people’s life is better now. We can buy things that we need in every part of the country. We have TVs, washing machines, fridges, computers, cars, etc. These things couldn’t buy (5) twenty years ago.
      We’ll study harder and make our country stronger and more beautiful.


【精讲点拨】
(1)take place是不及物动词短语,没有被动语态。
(2)、(4) 被动语态的过去分词用得不对。
(3)动词become在这里是系动词,后接形容词比较级作表语。系动词通常没有被动语态。
(5)此处应用被动式couldn’t be bought。
【精品范文】
                                      Great Changes in Our Country
      Great changes have taken place in our country. Many buildings have been built in cities and towns, even at villages. The more cars we have, the more crowded the roads are. So the roads became wider and wider. Many overpasses have been built in big cities.
      Chinese people’s life is better now. We can buy things that we need in every part of the country. We have TVs, washing machines, fridges, computers, cars, etc. These things couldn’t be bought twenty years ago.
      We’ll study harder and make our country stronger and more beautiful.

lspjy

母语干扰

【要点领悟】



         许多同学在用英语写作时很容易受汉语的影响而写错句子,即写所谓的Chinglish。这是书面表达中常见的错误之一。
【信息提示】


         请你根据实际情况,以“My School Life”为题写一篇100词左右的英语短文。
【习作实况】
                                               My School Life
      I’m a middle school student. Although our school is very usual (1), but (2) it’s beautiful in my heart. The school is covered with tall trees and beautiful flowers.
     The here (3) air is very fresh. In the morning, lots of schoolmates (4) early (5) go to school and do some exercises. Usually we have breakfast after our first class. All of the students take morning exercises on the playground after two classes. After that, someone (6) are reading in the library, others are playing and talking on the playground. We have three classes in the afternoon and do some sports that we like after school and go home at about 6:00. Oh! How colorful my school life is!
【精讲点拨】
(1)作者显然想表达“学校很一般或普通”,此处最好用common一词,而usual意思是“通常的”。

(2)受汉语“虽然……但是……”的影响,作者将这一意思直接译成英语“although…but…”,而在英语同一句子中只用这两个词的其中之一表示汉语的“虽然……但是……”。
(3)here是副词,用来修饰名词时应位于被修饰词之后。
(4)schoolmate指校友、同学,通常不包含自己在内,改为students好些,指全校学生。
(5)“早早到校”的英语表达是go to school early, 副词early应位于句末。
(6)someone意思是“某人”,要改为some students。
【精品范文】
                                            My School Life
      I’m a middle school student. Although our school is very common, it’s beautiful in my heart. The school is covered with tall trees and beautiful flowers.
      The air here is very fresh. In the morning, lots of students go to school early and do some exercises. Usually we have breakfast after our first class. All the students take morning exercises on the playground after two classes. After that, some students are reading in the library, others are playing and talking on the playground. We have three classes in the afternoon and do some sports that we like after school and go home at about 6:00. Oh! How colorful my school life is!