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语法专项（三）
（一）数词
数词的定义：表示“多少”和“第几“的词,叫数词。其用法相当于名词或者形容词。数词分为基数词和序数词两种。
基数词：表示数目的词是基数词，最基本的数词如下：
1 one, 2 two, 3 three, 4 four, 5 five, 6 six, 7 seven, 8 eight, 9 nine, 10 ten,
11 eleven, 12 twelve, 13 thirteen, 14 fourteen, 15 fifteen, 16 sixteen, 17 seventeen, 18 eighteen, 19 nineteen, 20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty, 60 sixty, 70 seventy, 80 eighty, 90 ninety,100 a hundred, 1,000 a thousand, 1,000,000 a million, 1,000,000,000 a billion.
基数词 1-12 是独立单词，需逐个记忆。基数词13 - 19是个位数词的词干后加-teen 构成。其中 thirteen, fifteen, eighteen, 变化不规则。基数词 20—90 是在十位数词后面加 -ty 构成。基数词 21—99 是在十位数词后面加上个位数词合成，中间加上连字符“-”。例如：21 twenty-one。
基数词三位以上的数词，在百位和十位之间，一般要用连词“and”。例如：342 three hundred and forty-two
表示“万”的词英语中没有，如1万可用10千来表示：ten thousand. 30万可用 three hundred thousand 来表示。
【典型例题】
例题1
There are ______ days in a year.
A. three hundreds and sixty five B. three hundred and sixty- five
C. three hundred and sixty five D. three hundred sixty five
例题2
—How long is the river? — It’s _____ metres.
A. about three hundreds and seventeen.
B. about three hundred seventeen.
C. about three hundred and seventeen.
D. about three hundreds seventeen.
基数词的用法：从句子成分上分析，基数词在句中可用作主语，宾语，表语等。
Four of them went to the factory. 他们四个人去了工厂。（主语）
I want two. 我要两个。(宾语）
My classmate is eighteen. 我的同学十八岁。(表语)
1）编号的事物用基数词：
Today we are going to study Lesson Six. 今天我们要学习第6课。
He lives in Room 801. 他住在801房间。
a 用No. No（读Number）后加数字，数字读基数词。如：No.1 Number One,
No.3 bus Number Three bus
b 用基数词 词序为：名词（词首字母大写）+ 基数词（如用英语拼写，词首字母也要大写）如：Lesson One, Class Four, World War Two。此种方法较常见，特别是当数字较长时。如：Room 306, No.106 Middle School。
注意：编号也可以用序数词 词序为：the + 序数词 +名词 如：
the first lesson, the Second World War
例题3
Jim is in ______ Middle School.
A. No.7 th B. 7 th C. 7 No. D. No.7
例题4
I think _____ lesson is the most difficult in this book.
A. five B. the fifth C. fifth D. the five
2）表示“年，月，日”时可以用基数词。I was born in 1971. 我生于1971年。
例题5
His sister was born_______.
A .in 1998, Octorber21 B. on 1998, Octorber21
C. in Octorber21,1998 D. on Octorber21,1998
3）表示“几点钟，几点过几分”用基数词。 It’s two o’clock. 现在是二点钟。
It’s five fifteen. 现在5点15分。
例题6
What time is it? It’s (2:40).
A. forty past two B. two past four
C. twenty to three D. twenty to two
例题7
He stays here for ______.
A. two and half hours B. two hours and half C. two hours and a half D. two -half hours
4）用于加减乘除的数字用基数词。 One plus two is three. 一加二等于三。
5）表示大几倍或者小几倍用基数词。 Five times six is thirty. 五乘以六得三十。
6）表示百分数用基数词。 Thirty percent of them is water. 它们当中有30%的水。
7）表示分数时，分子数字用基数词，但分母要用序数词，如分子不是1，序数词要用复数形式。One-third of the books are mine. 三分之一的书是我的。
Two- fifths of the students are girls. 五分之二的学生是女生。
例题8（05 河北）
This is a big class, and ____ of the students are boys.
A. two third B. second three C. two- thirds D. two three
8）表示有小数的词用基数词。 5.5 five point five
注意：
1）用复数形式修饰名词使用of+名词复数
hundreds of 数以百计thousands of 数以千计tens of thousands of 数以万计several millions of 好几百万 Hundreds of young people like music. 数以百计的年轻人喜欢音乐。
但表示确切的百或千时不能用复数形式，如：five hundred ten thousand three million
例题9
We have five _____ students in our school.
A. hundred of B. hundreds of
C. hundred D. hundreds
例题10
There are ______ people in the zoo on Children’s Day.
A. one hundreds B. two hundreds of
C. hundreds of D. hundred
2）表示时间距离时，使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语
five minutes’ walk 步行五分钟的路程
It’s half an hour’s walk from my home to the school. 从我家到学校是步行半小时的路程。
例题11
It’s about ______.
A. half hour’s walk B. half hour’ walk
C. half hours walk D. half an hour’s walk
3）由数词和其他名词构成的名词性短语作定语时，其中的名词用单数，名词性短语各部分用-连接。
It’s a five-minute walk from the classroom to the library. 从教室到图书馆需走5分钟。
He is a sixteen-year-old boy.他是一个十六岁男孩。
例题12
Henry is a _____ schoolboy
A. 12 years B. 12 years old C. 12-year-old D. 12-years-old
例题 13
The schoolboy is _______.
A. 12 years B. 12 years old C. 12-year-old D. 12 year old
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