一,语音的复习:语音的复习除了按《初中英语学习记忆手册》(福建少年儿童出版社出版)第一部分中的表格进行全面复习外,还要针对一些比较容易混淆而又能用形象化记忆的单词,编了顺口溜。
二,词汇的复习:词汇的复习,采用下列几种归纳比较的方法:
1、同音异形词的归纳。例如:no-Know,father-farther,our-hour,write-right,etc.
2、词义的归纳。
①一词多义:如:stop v.停止,n.停车站。watch v.观看,n.手表。
②一义多词:如:say可归纳比较tell,speak,talk.
③同义词:如:begin-start,rest-break,difficult-hard,etc.
④反义词:如:above-below,open-clost,up-down,man-woman,etc.
3、词类的归纳。例如:
①学习用品名称:pen.pencil,pencil-box,knife,ruler,rubber,ink,sch
②月份名称:January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,Dec ember.
③星期名称:Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday.
4、按构词法归纳。例如:
①派生:把前后缀加在词干上,构成新词。如后辍er加在有些动词后面,表示从事某种动作的人或物。如:build?builder,sing?singer,teach?teacher,work?worker,etc.如前缀un加在有些词语前面,就将原词义改变为另外的词义。如:fair?unfair,known?unknown,able?unable,happy?unhappy,etc.
②合成:把几个词合成为一个新词。如:news+paper=newspaper;black+board=blackboard;basket +ball=backetball,etc.
5、其他归纳比较的方法,不一一列举。
三,句型的复习:句型的复习一般采取句型转换或改写句子的方式来进行操练和巩固。例如:
1、…so…that…,…too…to和…enough to…
He is so young that he can’t go to school.(复合句)
He is too young to go to school.(简单句)
He isn’t old enough to go to school.(简单句)
2、both…and…和not only…but also…
Both my father and my mother are teachers.(动词用复数)
Not only my father but also my mother is a teacher.(动词用单数)
3、neither…nor…和either…or…
Neither the boy nor the girl knows the answer.(两人都不懂得答案。)
Either the boy or the girl knows the answers.(两人中有一人懂得答案。)
4、It takes sb.some time to do sth.改写为sb.spends some time (in)doing sth.(某人花费多少时 间做某事)
It took me two hours to finish my homework.
I spent two hours (in) finishing my homework.
另外,在这种专项的练习过程中,列表进行比较也是十分重要的,以下列举两表说明:
表一:连系动词“be”与行为动词的比较
由于学生对连系动词“be”和行动词的概念模糊,但他们对最早学到的“be”的印象比较深刻,因此,学生把有关“be”动词的肯定句变为否定句时,都能在“be”动词后加“not”,若变成一般疑问句时,也会将“ be”动词调到句首。但行为动词的肯定句变为否定句或一般疑问句时,需要借用助动词-do(does)或do(does)n ot。现列表比较如下: ____________________________________________________________________
动词 连系动词“be” 行为动词 ____________________________________________________________________ 句式 ____________________________________________________________________ 肯定句 I’m a student. I study hard. ___________________________________________________________________ 否定句 I’m not a student. I don’t study hard. ____________________________________________________________________ 疑问句 Are you a student? Do you study hard? ____________________________________________________________________ 肯定回答 Yes,I am. Yes,I do. ____________________________________________________________________ 否定回答 No,I’m not. No,I don’t. ____________________________________________________________________
表二:动词“have”的特殊作用
由于“have”一词本身的词义是“有”,当它作为“有”解释时,它可以当作助动词作用,但是当它与一些名词构成词组时,就失去了“有”的意义,也就不能当作动词作用。如:
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