历届中考英语易错题整理（中考英语重点中学名师辅导资料）

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2011年中考英语易错题（16）
湖北省宜昌市第五中学　葛　林


1. hear 



［误］He was heard sing in the next room.

［正］He was heard to sing in the next room.

［析］hear somebody do something这一句式用于被动语态时要把原来省略的不定式to还原回来。而在hear somebody doing something这一句式中则不会出现上述问题。如，主动态：I heard her singing in the next room. 变为被动态时为：She was heard singing in the next room. 这种用法还适用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to等。



hear, listen to 

hear一词为听见了什么，或听到什么，强调其结果；而listen to则强调有意要听，听的倾向。如：I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.

但词组hear about (of)则为“听说过”之意，如：I heard about this.（我听说过此事。）而hear from则为“收到某人信件”之意：I often hear from my girl friend.



2. help 

［误］Please help my homework.

［正］Please help me do my homework.

［正］Please help me with my homework.

［析］help其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意为“帮某人作某事”，但在较古老的语法中不带to的不定式表示句子的主语参加这个动作，如：He helps his mother cook the meal. 即“他和母亲一起做饭。”而He helps me to do my homework. 则是“他指导我做作业”。但在现代英语中这个区别则往往被取消了。所以带to与不带to的不定式在句中意思相同，并无区别。



［误］When I read the play I can't help to think of my childhood.

［正］When I read the play I can't help thinking of my childhood.

［析］can't help doing something是“身不由己，情不自禁做某事”。



［误］Help yourself with some cakes.

［正］Help yourself to some cakes.

［析］中文中讲“你自己拿蛋糕吃”，英文中要用help somebody to something.



3. here 



［误］Here the bus comes!

［正］Here comes the bus!

［析］副词在句首时一般要用倒装语序，即谓语动词的位置前移。但是，若主语是人称代词，则还是要用正常语序，如：Here we are!



4. high 



［误］He is very high.

［正］He is very tall.

［析］英语中的两个“高”，即high和tall，其中tall指人指物都是可以的，但high则只指物体的高，所以可以讲This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用来指山脉的高低。



5. hit 



［误］The mother got angry and hit the boy.

［正］The mother got angry and beat the boy.

［析］hit指打到某物之上，一般指一次性打击，如He hit his head against the wall.（他把头撞到了墙上。）而beat则指多次性的打击。



6. home 



［误］I'm tired. It's time I went to home.

［正］I'm tired. It's time I went home.

［析］ home此处用作副词，所以不应加to，又如：I arrived home at eleven thirty yesterday evening.而at home除了“在家”之意外，还有像“在家里一样”之意。如Make yourself at home.（不要拘束就像在家一样。）



home,house, family 

home是指与亲人一起居住的地方，可以讲a letter from home，所以有人解释home包括住处和家人。而house的侧重点则在建筑物，如Many new houses were built this year. family一词，作为整体讲其谓语动词用单数，如：Her family is a happy one.而作为家庭成员讲时要用复数谓语动词，如：My family are all like swimming.



7. homework 



［误］I have so many homework to do today.

［正］I have so much homework to do today.

［析］homework为不可数名词。同样的词还有work（work作为“著作”“作品”“工厂”讲时为可数名词），fun, health information等。



8. hope 



［误］I hope you to be a good student.

［正］I hope you will be a good student.

［析］hope一词不能接宾语再加上宾语补足语，但它可以接不定式作宾语，如：I hope to be a scientist.而wish却可以接宾语加宾语补足语，如：I wish you to be a good student.



［误］I don't hope you will go to the park tomorrow.

［正］I hope you won't go to the park tomorrow.

［析］hope 和think在否定句中的用法不同，如“我认为你错了”。应译为：I don't think you are right.即否定在前。而hope则不能这样用。又如在答语中“我不这样认为”应译为I don't think so.或I hope not. 



［误］I hope your help.

［正］I hope for your help.

［析］hope for为“期望某事发生”，虽然hope是及物动词，但表达期望某事情发生要用“hope for+名词”这一结构。



［误］I was hopeful to pass the exam.

［正］I was hopeful of passing the exam.

［析］对某事存有希望应用“hopeful of (about)+介词宾语”这一结构。



9. hospital 



［误］My mother was in the hospital for two weeks.

［正］My mother was in hospital for two weeks.

［析］ in hospital为“住院就医”。而in (at) the hospital 为“在医院（工作）”。如：He is a doctor in (at) the hospital.类似的用法还有很多，如：“上学”为go to school，at school为“在校就读”，go to bed为“上床睡觉”。



10. how 



［误］I want to know how to do.

［正］I want to know how to do it.

［析］how 是关联副词，要注意与关联代词的不同用法。如：I want to know what to do.



［误］How do you think about it?

［正］What do you think about it?

［析］英文中表达你对某事的看法如何应用What do you think about … 这一句式。



11. hurry 



［误］Let's hurry. There is a little time left.

［正］Let's hurry. There is little time left.

［误］Don't worry. There is little time left.

［正］Don't worry. There is a little time left.

［析］请注意英语中的惯用法：“快点吧，没时间了”，或“别着急还有一点时间。”



［误］The car is hurrying through the street.

［正］The car is rushing through the street.

［析］hurry一词只用于人而不用于物体。



12. hundred 



［误］There are two hundreds people here.

［正］There are two hundred people here.

［误］There are hundred of people here.

［正］There are hundreds of people here.

［析］hundred一词前如有数字时不论多少其后都不加s，这和thousand（千）等数量词的用法一样，而hundreds of是数百的，这一词组一定要加s.



13. hurt 



［误］I don't want to wound her feelings.

［正］I don't want to hurt her feelings.

［析］wound是指战场上的刀枪伤（名词），或用刀枪“伤害”“打伤”（动词）。

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2011年中考英语易错题（17）
湖北省宜昌市第五中学　葛　林


1. if 

［误］If it will rain I won't go to school tomorrow.

［正］If it rains I won't go to school tomorrow.

［析］由if引起的状语从句要用一般时表示将来。



［误］I want to know if he comes here tomorrow.

［正］I want to know if he will come here tomorrow.

［析］if所引起的如果是宾语从句则不能用一般现在时表示将来。



［误］I want to know if it will rain tomorrow he will come or not.

［正］I want to know if it rains tomorrow he will come or not.

［析］这里的if从句是整个宾语从句的条件状语，所以，还应用一般时表示将来。



2. ill 



［误］He spent many years looking after his ill father.

［正］He spent many years looking after his sick father.

［析］ill和sick都可以作表语，如：I'm ill (sick). 美国英语中常用sick，而英国英语中两者都可用，但ill一般不作定语。



3. in 



［误］In a cold morning, I went to school alone.

［正］On a cold morning, I went to school alone.

［析］在in the morning或 in the afternoon词组中，不论在这两个名词的前或后加任何修饰词，其介词in都要变为on.



［误］I will finish it after two days.

［正］I will finish it in two days.

［析］中文中几天以后可以完成，或几天后来取，在译为英文时都不要用after，而要用in. 如：He will be back in a few days.



4. instead 



［误］The boy stayed in bed all day instead to go to school.

［正］The boy stayed in bed all day instead of going to school.

［析］ instead of其后要接动名词、名词或代词，而不能用不定式，如： I choose this book instead of that one.



［误］The beer here is not good, so I drink wine instead of it.

［正］The beer here is not good, so I drink wine instead.

［析］ instead是副词，而instead of是介词短语。如：If you are not free, you may come another day instead.



5. interest 



［误］He has a great interest for physics.

［正］He has a great interest in physics.

［误］He has some interest in many companies.

［正］He has some interests in many companies.

［析］ interest作为“兴趣”讲可用作不可数名词，但作为“利息”“股份”讲时为可数名词。



［误］This is an interested book.

［正］This is an interesting book.

［析］修饰物时应用interesting, 如：an interesting film，而讲某人对某事感兴趣时要用过去分词interested，如：I'm interested in this play. 但“他是一个十分有趣的人”。应译为He is an interesting man. 所以interesting 是“令人感兴趣”之意，而interested则表示某人对某事物感兴趣，多用“be interested in something”这一句型。



6. invent 



［误］America was invented by Christopher Columbus in 1492.

［正］America was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492.

［析］ invent意为“发明”即从无到有，如： Compass was invented by the Chinese people. 而discover则意为“发现”。



7. it 



［误］That takes me ten years to finish this work.

［正］It takes me ten years to finish this work.

［析］it在这个句中的语法作用是形式主语，而真正的主语是句子后面的不定式。有的句子要用it作形式主语或形式宾语，如：I think it difficult to learn English well.



8. join 



［误］Did you attend the football club?

［正］Did you join the football club?

［析］join经常用于参加某个团体、政党，并作为其中的一个成员；attend则重点强调出会议、到场，而不一定进行具体活动，如： Did you attend the meeting yesterday?而take part in则强调参与某些具体活动或运动，如：I take part in the football game.



9. just



［误］I have finished my work just now.

［正］I finished my work just now.

［析］just now意为“刚才”，所以句中的谓语动词要用过去式。



［误］Just I won the game.

［正］I just won the game.

［析］ just单独使用时不应放在句首，而应放于① be动词之后，如：He is just a student.② 名词与一般动词之间。③用在第一助动词之后，如：I have just returned home. 但just与其他词组成词组时，如just now, just then, 则可用于句首和句尾。如：Just then he saw the bus coming.



10. keep 



［误］She was keeping something to her father.

［正］She was keeping something from her father.

［析］“对某人隐瞒某事”要用“keep something from somebody”句型。



［误］He kept to repeat the word again and again.

［正］He kept repeating the word again and again.

［析］keep doing something为连续不断地做某事。有时可以与keep on doing something互换。它们的区别在于keep doing something意为该动作一直不停地在进行中，如：When the train started, she kept waving her hand. 而keep on doing something则表示该动作可能停顿但却一直在进行中，如：He kept on making the same mistakes in grammar.



［误］We must keep up the times.

［正］We must keep up with the times.

［析］这句话意为“我们必须赶上时代”，keep up with是“赶上”之意，而keep up则是“坚持下去”的意思，如：Keep it up, don't stop now!



11. key



［误］I lost the key of the door.

［正］I lost the key to the door.

［析］英语中讲某某的东西一般要用of，而key, entrance, answer则多用to，如：“门的钥匙”为key to the door, “高速公路入口”为entrance to the highway, “问题的答案”为the answer (key) to the question.



12. kind 



［误］This kind of books are not good.

［正］This kind of books is not good.

［析］kind在这种句式中应作为主语，如果讲Those kinds of books are very good. 则是正确的。



kind, sort, type 

kind和sort为同义词，意为“种类”，而type则为“型号”，如：What type of this car do you want?（你想要这种车的什么型号？）



13. knock 



［误］Someone was knocking the door.

［正］Someone was knocking at the door.

［析］knock 虽可以作及物动词，如：The car knocked a hole in the fence. 但作“敲门”讲一定要用作不及物动词：knock at (on) the door.



14. know 



［误］I want to know to play this game.

［正］I want to know how to play this game.

［析］ 要注意英语中在不定式前加疑问代词或疑问副词的用法。如：I want to know how to do it / what to do / when to do it / where to go.



know, know of 

I know him.为“我很了解他。”而I know of him. 则为“我听说过他。”同样的用法还有hear和hear of这一词组。



15. large 



［误］He found a large number of mistake in his homework.

［正］He found a large number of mistakes in his homework.

［析］“a large number of + 复数名词”，意为大量的。



作者简介：葛林，男，中学英语高级教师，曾在《21世纪英语报》《英语学习》《英语沙龙》等报刊杂志发表教学辅导类文章数十篇，并参与数项省部级科研课题，主要致力于初中英语中考及解题方法、技巧等教学方面的研究。

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2011年中考英语易错题（18）
湖北省宜昌市第五中学　葛　林


1. last 



［误］This is the newest news.

［正］This is the latest news.

［析］“最新消息”应为latest news，因为最晚到的新闻才是最新消息，请注意英语与汉语的区别。



last, the last 

［误］I saw my brother the last week.

［正］I saw my brother last week.

［析］当谈到与目前有关的上月、上星期等概念时只能用last month, last week, 而不能加定冠词，the last可用于表示一系列词的最后一个，如：That was the last Christmas I spent at home. 但the last可以用来表示持续到现在的一个长时期，如：I am busy for the last week.



2. late 



［误］Yesterday I went home lately.

［正］Yesterday I went home late.

［析］late既可作形容词又可作副词；而lately则意为“最近的”，如：I haven't seen her lately.



late, latter, later, lately 

late有两个比较级，指时间较晚应用later，如口语中常讲：See you later.（一会见。）而latter则指按顺序讲的后者，或靠后的，其反意词为former，如：the former president（前总统）。又如：I can understand the latter part of the story. 而lately则意为“近来”、“不久前”。



3. lay 



［误］We lied on the beach.

［正］We lay on the beach.

［析］英文中有三个动词易混，在考试中也频频出现，它们的现在式、过去式、过去分词以及现在分词是： 

lay ( vt. 放) laid, laid, laying

lie ( vi. 躺) lay, lain cying

lie ( vi. .说谎) lied lied lying



4. learn 



［误］The teacher said: "You must study this poem by heart."

［正］The teacher said: "You must learn this poem by heart."

［析］study与learn在作“学习”讲时，常常可以互换，但learn侧重于学习成果或初级阶段的模仿性学习，如：The little baby is learning to walk. 而study则多侧重于学习的过程，如：I'm studying at this college. 而learn … by heart则是“记住”、“背诵”之意。



5. leave 



［误］I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai.

［正］I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.

［析］leave for一词组为“去某地”，如对话中常讲I'll leave for Shanghai. 因所离开的地点是双方都知道的则可以省略。



leave, forget 

［误］I've forgotten my homework at home.

［正］I've forgotten my homework.

［正］I've left my homework at home.

［析］如果句中有地点状语则不要用forget, 而要用leave.



6. lesson 



［误］I have two lessons of English.
　　［正］I have two English lessons.
　　［正］I have two lessons in English.
　　［析］“我有两节英语课。”这一表达法如上，但美国老师讲他有两节课时则多用“I have two classes.”teach somebody a lesson 为“教训某人”，或“要吸取教训”，如：Let this thing teaches you a lesson.



7. lend 



［误］Please borrow me your bike.

［正］Please lend me your bike.

［析］borrow是指“借入”，如：I want to borrow some books from the library. lend 是“借出”，如：I can lend you my bike. 而keep为“借多久”，如 How long can I keep it?



8. less 



［误］He has fewer money than she has.

［正］He has less money than she has.

［析］less是little的比较级，而fewer是few的比较级。要注意前者修饰不可数名词，而后者修饰可数名词。



9. let 



［误］The teacher lets the students clean the classroom as a punishment.

［正］The teacher makes the students clean the classroom as a punishment.

［析］虽然let, have, make有相同的用法，但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思。



［误］Let's go to the park, will you?

［正］Let's go to the park, shall we?

［误］Let us go to the park, shall we?

［正］Let us go to the park, will you?

［析］Let's go的反意疑问句是shall we?而Let us go的反意疑问句则是will you?



10. life 



［误］Many people lost their life in the Second World War.

［正］Many People lost their lives in the Second World War.

［析］ life作为“生命”、“性命”时应为可数名词；当泛指一般“生活”讲时则为不可数名词，如：Which do you prefer, town life or country life? 又如：Life is not all fun.



11. light 



［误］There is a desk with a lit lamp on it.

［正］There is a desk with a lighted lamp on it.

［析］light有两个过去分词：lighted和lit，当用过去分词作形容词当定语时只能用lighted. light 可以用作名词，如：The moon gets its light from the sun. 也可以作形容词，如：The classroom is very light. 还可以作动词，如：The little girl lit a match. 作形容词时还有“轻”、“浅”等意，如：This box is light. I like light blue.



12. like 



［误］My sister is very as me.

［正］My sister is very like me.

［析］ as 作为连词其后要接从句，如： She is a good student as his brother used to be. 而like是介词，其后接宾语。



［误］Do you like swimming with me tonight?

［正］Would you like to swim with me tonight?

［析］like作为动词当“喜欢”讲时，其后面可接不定式也可接动名词，用不定式多表达一个一次性的动作，如：I'm sorry I don't like to go swimming tonight. 用动名词则表示一个习惯性的动作，如：I like swimming very much.



like, alike 

作为形容词，alike一般不作定语，而只作表语，如；The twins are very alike.
　　

［误］Would you like swimming with us?
　　［正］Would you like to swim with us?
　　［析］在would you like … 这一句型中，其后面只能接不定式，而不能接动名词。like的用法还要注意以下两点：① He likes Tom. 为“他喜欢汤姆。”② He is like Tom. 为“他像汤姆。”第二句话的like为介词，而第一句话的like为动词。



13. listen 



［误］You should hear the teahcer's advice.

［正］You should listen to the teacher's advice.

［析］hear多侧重于听到某事或某种声音，而listen to则侧重于听的倾向性。如： We listen but hear nothing. 例句为“听取某人意见”，所以只能用listen to someone's advice.



14. little 



［误］Don't worry, there is little time.

［正］Don't worry, there is a little time.

［误］There is a little water. Shall I get some?

［正］There is little water. Shall I get some?

［析］要注意中英文在同一问题上的表达法是不同的。如中文“水不多了，我去取点吧。”英文要讲“没水了，我去取点吧。”



little, small 

little与small是近义词，在作定语时常常可以互换，如：a little girl或a small girl, 但little一般不作表语，如：The car over there is small. 一句中不要用little. 作定语时little常常带有感情色彩，而small则带有对比的含义。



15. live 



［误］Tom lives with his parents' money.

［正］Tom lives on his parents' money.

［误］He lives on teaching.

［正］He lives by teaching.

［析］“靠吃某物为生”应用live on something, 而live by是“靠某种生活手段为生”。
　　living, alive 

living侧重于生活得很好，身体不错，如：My grandfather is still living in his eighties. 而alive则强调没有死而是活着的，如：Is that cat alive or dead?



作者简介：葛林，男，中学英语高级教师，曾在《21世纪英语报》《英语学习》《英语沙龙》等报刊杂志发表教学辅导类文章数十篇，并参与数项省部级科研课题，主要致力于初中英语中考及解题方法、技巧等教学方面的研究。

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2011年中考英语易错题（19）
湖北省宜昌市第五中学　葛　林


1. lonely 



［误］She wanted to do her homework lonely.

［正］She wanted to do her homework alone

［析］lonely意为“寂寞的”、“孤单的”，如：The old man felt lonely. alone则意为“独自的”、“单独的”，如：He lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely.



2. long 



［误］I have been studying long for the exam.

［正］I have been studying for a long time for the exam.

［析］long用作表达时间的副词时，在否定句及疑问句中最常用，但在肯定句中除与so, too, as ... as连用外，一般要用for a long time.



［误］I'll call you as long as the book will be returned.

［正］I'll call you as long as the book is returned.

［析］as ... as引导的状语从句中可以用一般现在时表示将来。



［误］How long do you go to see your parents? Once a week.

［正］How often do you go to see your parents? Once a week.

［析］因为答语为每周一次所以问的是频率，要用how often.



3. look 



look for, find 

look for 侧重于“寻找”这个动作，如：What are you looking for? 而find则侧重于结果，如：It is very difficult to find a job. 这里不能用look for，因为真正困难的是“找到”工作。



其他用法还有：

［例］He often looks back on his high school days.

［析］look back on something 为“回顾”、“回想”。

［例］I wish you wouldn't look down on (upon) the children's work.

［析］look down on (upon) 为“看不起”某人或某事。

［误］I'm looking forward to see you.

［正］I'm looking forward to seeing you.

［析］look forward to词组中的to是介词，所以其后要加名词或动名词，不能接不定式。



4. lot 



［误］I can buy this dictionary now, because I have got much money.

［正］I can buy this dictionary now because I have got a lot of money.

［析］much money多用于疑问句与否定句中，而在肯定句中要用a lot of. lots of 与a lot of之间无多大区别，两者都可以修饰可数与不可数名词，所以常常可以互换。



［误］He is more happier now.

［正］He is a lot happier now.

［析］不可用more来修饰比较级，能修饰比较级的词有very much, a lot, lots, any, no, rather, a little, a bit等。



5. make



［误］The little boy was made repeat the whole story.

［正］The little boy was made to repeat the whole story.

［误］The father made his son to do his homework from morning till night.

［正］The father made his son do his homework from morning till night.

［析］make 的句型为“make somebody do (doing) something”。但在被动语态中原来被省去的不定式符号to要被还原回来。



［误］I always do this mistake.

［正］I always make this mistake.

［析］英语中do和make是十分不易弄清的两个动词，do常用于谈论工作时或某种不确定的活动时，如：do a favour（帮个忙），do one's best（竭尽全力），do good（有益），do harm（有害），而多数情况下常用make, 如：make a suggestion, make a cake, make a bed（收拾床），make a noise, make money等等。



［误］This wine was made of grapes.

［正］This wine was made from grapes.

［析］当成品制成后，其原料的性质有所改变时应用make from，否则用make of，如：This door was made of iron.



［误］Hard work can often make up a lack of intelligence.

［正］Hard work can often make up for a lack of intelligence.

［析］make up是“创造”、“编织”，而make up for是“弥补……的不足之处”。上句应译为“勤奋工作可以弥补天资的不足。”



［误］We made up our mind to study hard.

［正］We made up our minds to study hard.

［析］mind这里是可数名词，使用时要特别予以注意make up one's mind是“下定决心”之意。



［误］Our class is made of twenty girls and twenty one boys.

［正］Our class is made up of twenty girls and twenty one boys.

［析］make up of ... 是“某物由……组成或构成”。



6. many 



［误］I have many friends.

［正］I have a lot of friends.

［析］many和much多用于疑问句或否定句中，而在肯定句中则用处不多，尤其在非正式谈话中。如：

--- How much money have you got?

--- I've got plenty.



［误］You bought much too tomatoes.

［正］You bought too many tomatoes.

［析］too many后接可数名词，too much后接不可数名词，而much too后面接形容词，意为“太多”。



［误］For many a weeks it rained a lot.

［正］For many a week it rained a lot.

［析］many a意为“好多”、“许多”，但其后面要加单数名词。



7. matter



［误］No matter what you did.

［正］No matter what you did, I trusted you.

［析］No matter是个词组，意为“不论”，它的语法功能是起连接作用，所以不能用于一个单独的句子。it doesn't matter这个词组则不是一个连接词组，所以可以和一个单句连用，如：It doesn't matter what you say. （你说什么都不要紧。）



8. maybe 



［误］May be he is right.

［正］Maybe he is right.

［析］maybe是副词，不要错用为may be.



maybe, perhaps 

这两个词的词意一样，maybe常用于非正式谈话，而perhaps则多用在正式文体中。如： Maybe / Perhaps the weather will get better. 而Julius Caesar is perhaps the greatest of Shakespeare's early plays.



9. mend 



［误］I want to have my bike mended.

［正］I want to have my bike repaired.

［析］mend意为“缝补”，如：My mother mended my coat. 而repair是“修理”。



10. mind 



［误］Could you mind to close the door? 

［正］Could you mind closing the door?

［误］Try to make up your mind studying hard.

［正］Try to make up your mind to study hard.

［析］mind用作动词时，其后加动名词；而用作名词意为“下定决心”时，其后要加不定式。要注意Do you mind if I smoke?的答语：如果你不介意，应回答“No, go ahead.”如果你不想让对方吸烟，则应讲“Yes, please don't.”



作者简介：葛林，男，中学英语高级教师，曾在《21世纪英语报》《英语学习》《英语沙龙》等报刊杂志发表教学辅导类文章数十篇，并参与数项省部级科研课题，主要致力于初中英语中考及解题方法、技巧等教学方面的研究。

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如何应对中考英语阅读理解题
山西省浑源县千佛岭中学 任雪峰

山西省浑源县王庄堡中学 刘杨

阅读理解题是中考英语的测试重点，也是中考英语试题中卷面分值最高的一种题型，在各地中考试卷中约占30％的比例。一般设三篇短文，试题采用“根据所给阅读材料判断正误”或“选择最佳答案回答问题”两种形式。纵观近年来全国各地中考阅读题，其体裁多样，有记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文（信函、请柬、通知、便条、表格、图表、广告、图示和标志等）；所选材料内容广泛，涉及文化、环境、科普、社会、政治、经济、历史等众多领域。文章的体裁富于变化，可谓题材宽泛，形式多种多样。其特点是：时气息浓，可读性强，理解难度较高。

阅读理解题对学生提出了较高的能力要求，主要是考查学生通过阅读获取信息、分析信息和处理信息的能力，既要抓住文章的主旨，又要抓住细节；既要理解具体事实，又要理解抽象概念；既要理解文章字面意思，又要挖掘作者意图，揣摩隐藏在字里行间的内涵既要理解全篇的逻辑关系又要理解某些细节的意思，并且在读懂句子和文章的基础上，将所读文章进行判断、分析和推理。概括的说就是这类题注重考查阅读技能，包括理解短文大意、了解具体细节、通过上下文猜测词义、归纳篇章大意，以及推断或理解作者的态度和意图等。考生不仅要具有准确获得信息的能力，还要具有透过文章表层意思理解文章隐含意义的能力。这样才能抓住中心思想，作出正确的判断。试题涉及掌握语篇主旨，事实细节、深层含义、推理判断、猜测词义等多方面的阅读能力考查。设题通常考虑以下四个方面。

1. 直观性问题。直接引用原文中的语句或根据短文中原语句稍加改动而编成。

2. 常识性问题。考查学生依据短文信息，并根据自己所具备的一般常识作出判断的题型．

3. 理解性问题。考查学生对文章的中心思想，某段的段落大意，某一事实的细节及作者意图等的理解程度。

4. 推理性问题。这类题需在深刻理解短文后，再经过推理判断才能选出正确答案。

阅读是一个复杂的心理过程，语言学家古德曼(Groodman)认为，阅读就是读者通过其心理和语言活动理解来接受作者的思想和观点。如果学生能读懂一篇文章，则表明作者写作时的思维过程与该生在阅读时的思维活动趋于吻合，这就是说学生的阅读理解必须实于原文，不可脱离文章凭空想象。

对学生进行阅读技巧训练还应该从文体角度来训练，因为一篇文章的设题是受其文体限制的。下面我们分析几个不同体裁文章的特点，供大家参考。

a. 故事类。初中生接触到的阅读材料大都是故事类。阅读故事类的材料，应该抓住人物线索、地点线索、时间线索和情节发展线索。特别注意的是，以上线索往往是并存的。因为情节的发展总是涉及到人物的变化、时间的推移、场景的变换等。而阅读材料后的阅读理解题往往会围绕这些内容设计一些事实类的理解题。凡事实类的理解题都可以从阅读材料的表层文字中找到答案。在阅读故事类短文时，应指导学生理解文章的深层含义，也就是它的主题。在此需要注意的是，现在的阅读理解题在测试事实类的理解题的同时，往往有一道推理类理解测试题．

b．科普类。这里所指的科普类是广义的。它包含有介绍科学知识、社会知识的短文。阅读这类短文时，要以事实为中心进行思考，抓住事物的特征、用途、相互关系等．如果是介绍社会现象的文章，要掌握所谈现象的内涵。

c．图表类。这类短文是通过看图或表格等来了解某方面的情况。指导学生阅读这类材料时，主要从两方面入手；一是了解图表的主题，确定图表的主要内容，二是推敲图画语盲或数字，找出它们之间的关联或试图表达的含义。

d．新闻类。报刊阅读应逐步成为中学生阅读的一个重要内容。由于新闻报道强调遵循 5 个 w 和 1 个 H，所以，我们在阅读时也要抓住这一点去理解。

那么，如何解决阅读理解题呢？

做阅读理解题，根据实际情况，可用不同的方法。对于一些直接信息类题目，先读问题后读短文，带着问题去读文章，目的明确，容易抓住文中与问题相关的信息点。对于主观判断题，则应该从文章整体着手，认真阅读综合分析判断，作出正确选择。一般情况具体步骤如下：

1. 略读全文，掌握主旨大意。略读时要特别注意短文的首段、首句或末句。一般文章的主旨大意就在这里。抓住每段中的关键词语，便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布，再答题时就心中有数了。

2．推测词义，注意要点内容。阅读中不要过分推敲语言点，要捕捉每段乃至整篇文章的纲目，对于文章中出现的生词或看不懂的句子，可以根据上下文意思猜测理解。

3．寻读。掌握短文的主旨大意之后，应认真阅读题目，准确理解题意及其范围，带着问题到短文中寻找相关答案。一般的事实题可直接从文中找出答案。但也要认真斟酌，透过表层结构，领会其深层涵义。而较为深层次的逻辑推理判断题，则需要建立在对全文理解的基础上进行。因此，做这类题切忌掺杂主观因素。

4．复读审核。初次答完题后，要对照短文内容对所做答案通盘审核，反复斟酌，做出修正，以减少错误疏漏。

此外学生做阅读理解题时，还应注意四点：

1. 注意文章的首段和每段的首句或最后一句。一般说来阅读题没有标题，就会给学生了解文章的中心意思造成一定的困难，而文章的首段或每段的首句往往可能是文章或每段的中心，是作者要说明的对象或作者要阐述的观点，尾句是文章的结论或表达作者意图、态度、目的。注意到这一点，才能抓住中心，为理解文章奠定良好的基础。

2. 阅读文章体裁不同，阅读的侧重点也不同，记叙文中要注意 who（人物），where（地点），when（时间），what（事件），why（原因）说明文要注意说明的对象，特征、细节及数字等；议论文要注意作者的观点，论点和论据。

3. 要通过文章线索来分析判断作者的意图。文章的结论、中心思想，及深层次的推理判断，这一点是最难把握的考生做题时要特别注意。

4. 要了解英语国家的风俗习惯，风土人情，了解地道英语语言表达习惯，不能以中国人的习惯来理解文章，阐述问题。