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历届中考英语易错题整理(中考英语重点中学名师辅导资料)

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楼主
发表于 2012-5-14 09:17:53 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
2011年中考英语易错题(1)
湖北省宜昌市第五中学 葛 林


1. a



[误] I think it is an useful English dictionary.

[正] I think it is a useful English dictionary.

[析] 在不定冠词a与an的用法中要注意的一点是:an用在以元音开头的词之前;而a则用在以辅音开头的词之前。要特别注意的是以u字母打头的单词,如useful,university等,其第一个音标是[j],所以要特别予以注意。



[误] I need a hour to finish this letter.

[正] I need an hour to finish this letter.

[析] 要注意hour和honest的第一个字母不发音。



[误] My teacher is a unknown man, but he is a very good man.
  [正] My teacher is an unknown man, but he is a very good man.

[析] 要注意以u打头的单词,它的发音为[∧]时,单数名词前要用an,如uncle等。



[误] There is a "f" in the word "football".

[正] There is an "f" in the word "football".

[析] 英文字母单独使用时,如其第一个发音是元音时,其前面的不定冠词应该用an而不是a.



[误] I have a little brother. He is a 8-year-old boy.

[正] I have a little brother. He is an 8-year-old boy.

[析] 要注意这些字母的第一个发音为元音,如eight, eleven等。



2. able



[误] This bike is able to be repaired.

[正] This bike can be repaired.

[析] be able to 主要表达某事或某人具有某种能力去作某事,应译为“有本领”“有能力”“可以”作某事,如:I'm able to swim across this river. 而can可以用来表示具有接受能力或吸收能力。如:This radio can be repaired here.



3. about



[误] This class is about to begin just now.

[正] This class is about to begin.

[析] 要注意be about to 是“将要”的意思,含有将来时之意,不要与表示过去时的时间状语连用。另外,be about to 一般用作书面语,对应的口语是be going to.



about on

about与on都可以作“关于”讲,但却有所不同,例如:This book is about physics. 应译为“这是一本关于物理学的科普读物。”而:This book is on physics.则应译为“这是一本物理学方面的专著。”



4. above



[误] The temperature is five degrees over zero. 

[正] The temperature is five degrees above zero.

[析] 表达“在……上方”时,above与over是可以互换的,如:The sky is above (or over) our heads. 但是要表达在垂直方向上的上方时则应用above不可用over,如:The sun has risen above the horizon.



[误] There is often thick cloud above the South of China in summer.

[正] There is often thick cloud over the South of China in summer.

[析] 当表达覆盖之意时,只可用over而不能用above.



[误] There is a bridge above the river.

[正] There is a bridge over the river.

[析] 用来表达“从……上方越过”时不能用above只能用over,如:The plane flew over the city. 但要注意There is waterfall above the bridge. 则应译为“在桥的上游有一个瀑布。”



5. across



[误] He ran across the wood.

[正] He ran through the wood.

[析] across是指某一动作在一平面内进行,而through则是指该动作在一三维立体空间的运动过程。如:The man came in through the window. He walked across the square.

across的主要用法有两个。其一,意为“对面”,如:There is a school just across the street. 其二,意为“横过”,如:He walked across the street.



6. afraid



[误] I dont't afraid of him.

[正] I am not afraid of him.

[析] 要注意“害怕”afraid一词在英语中不是动词,而是形容词,要与be动词连用。



7. after



[误] Two weeks after he left.

[正] Two weeks later he left.

[正] He left after two weeks. 

[析] 要表达“在多少时间之后”,英语中有两种表达法,即:用later时,要时间在前,如three hours later; 而用after时要时间在后,如after three hours.



[误] My father will be back after a few hours.

[正] My father will be back in a few hours.

[析] 受中文的影响,这个介词常常被误用。当你要表达在一段时间内某个动作可以完成时,一定要用in,而不能用after,因为after是指在某一时间之后。例如:This work will be done in two days. 即表明在两天内这一工作一定会做完。而如用了after,即表示在两天之后,完成的时间是不确定的。



after behind

after多用于表示顺序的前后,如:She walked in the line after Tom. 或用来表示“追赶”,表示一种动态,如:He ran after Mary. 而behind多用于强调先进与落后,如:She is much behind the other girls in sewing. 或者用于表达“迟于”,如:The train was ten minutes behind the time table. 或者与表示静态的动词连用,如:She hid herself behind the flowers.



8. afternoon



[误] He worked very hard in a hot afternoon.

[正] He worked very hard on a hot afternoon.

[析] 习惯用的词组in the afternoon, 如果加入任何修饰词后其前面的介词in都要改为on,不论其修饰词在前还是在后,如:He swam in this river on the afternoon of June lst. 又如:Are you free on Sunday afternoon?



9. against



[误] He against me.

[正] He is against me.

[析] 要注意against意为“反对”,但它在英文中却不是动词,而是介词,如要讲反对某事或某人时则要加动词be, 如:He is against somebody / something.



against for

against意为“反对”、“不赞成”;而for则意为“同意”,为其反意词。如:Are you for or against the plan?



10. age



[误] He is twenty years old of age.

[正] He is twenty.

[正] He is twenty years old.

[正] He is at the age of twenty.

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沙发
 楼主| 发表于 2012-5-14 09:18:14 | 只看该作者
2011年中考英语易错题(2)
湖北省宜昌市第五中学 葛 林


1. ago



[误] Tom's father has been dead five years ago.

[正] Tom's father died five years ago.

[析] ago意为由说话时算起,若干时间以前。它只能和一般动词过去时连用,而不要与完成时连用。



[误] Yesterday I met a friend. We didn't see each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago.

[正] Yesterday I met a friend. We hadn't seen each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago.

[析] 要注意的是在本句ago是用在由since引起的从句之中,只是从句应用过去时,但不影响主句的时态。



2. agree



[误] Does the teacher agree to us?

[正] Does the teacher agree with us?

[误] Does he agree with our plan?

[正] Does he agree with us?

[析] agree with 指“同意某人的提议、建议、计划”等。如果要讲同意某项计划则要用agree to, 如:Do you agree to the plan?



3. all



[误] The old man has two sons. All of them are workers.

[正] The old man has two sons. Both of them are workers.

[析] all是指三者或以上的全部,而both则是指“两者都”。



[误] The all children are playing football now. 

[正] All the children are playing football now.

[析] all作修饰词时其位置要在所有的修饰词之前,不论这些修饰词是定冠词、指示代词、形容词或名词,或代词的所有格。



[误] You all are right.

[正] You are all right.

[析] all作同位语时其位置要置于be动词之后,实意动词之前,如:The teachers all work hard. 或用于第一助动词之后,如:The boys have all been waiting for their mothers.



4. almost



[误] Nearly nobody thinks he is right.

[正] Almost nobody thinks he is right.

[析] nearly与almost是近义词,其含意差别不大,但是与否定词连用时要用almost, 例如:She brought almost no money with her. 此句中的almost不能用nearly替换。



5. alone



[误] The old man lived lone but he didn't feel lonely.

[正] The old man lived alone, but he didn't feel lonely.

[析] alone, lone, lonely 三个词全具有“孤单、孤独”之意。但其用法不同:lone可以作定语,而alone则只能作表语,lonely则多指感情上与感觉上的孤独。



6. already



[误] We are already for the work.

[正] We are all ready for the work.

[析] already 是副词,其意为“已经”,如:He already knew about it. 而all ready为形容词意为“准备好”。



already yet

already多用于肯定句中,例如:The students have already finished the work. 而yet则多用于疑问句与否定句中,如:Have you finished it yet? I haven't finished it yet.



7. also



[误] I didn't find the dictionary also.

[正] I didn't find the dictionary either.

[析] 作为“也”讲,在否定句中要用either而不能用also.



also too

also与too都可用在肯定句中表示“也”,但also通常用于be动词或情态动词之后,如:I can also do it myself. 而too一般放于句尾。I'll attend his class, too.



8. always



[误] Always he asked himself why he had come here.

[正] He always asked himself why he had come here.

[析] always一般不能用于句首,它在一般句中的位置是于动词之前第一助动词之后,如:I've always thought he is honest. 又如:He is always late.



9. among



[误] If the three apples are divided among the two boys how much will each receive?

[正] If the three apples are divided among the three boys how much will each receive?

[析] among常用于三个事物或人物之间,而between则多用于两者之间。



10. an



[误] This is an useful dictionary.

[正] This is a useful dictionary. 

[析] 详见a条。



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板凳
 楼主| 发表于 2012-5-14 09:18:29 | 只看该作者
2011年中考英语易错题(3)
湖北省宜昌市第五中学 葛 林


1. and



[误] He did not speak loudly and clearly.

[正] He did not speak loudly nor clearly.

[误] Our school is not in New York and Chicago, but in Boston.

[正] Our school is not in New York or Chicago, but in Boston.

[析] “和”这一概念在肯定句中应用and,但在否定句中则要用or



2. angry



[误] My mother was angry to me.

[正] My mother was angry with me.

[误] He was angry with what I said.

[正] He was angry at what I said.

[析] 要注意be angry后面如果接人,表示“对某人生气不满”时应用be angry with somebody. 但要接事物时要用be angry at something.



3. another



[误] I have two sisters, one in America and another in English. 

[正] I have two sisters, one in America and the other in English.

[析] 要注意英语中another, other, the other, the others, others的不同用法,现分别说明如下:another作形容词其意为:泛指的另一个或再一个,别的,类似的。一般在句中作定语,如:This is not good enough, please show me another one. another还可以作为代词用,如:One student said:"I want to play baseball." Another said: "I want to play football." other作形容词其意为“泛指其余的,别的”。如:I have other books besides these. 又如:Ask some other people please. the other则为特指,作形容词时其后面可接单数或复数名词,如:She has two flowers. One is white, the other one is yellow.(特指,单数)又如:There are fifty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students are girls.(特指,复数)但当the other作为代词时,它代表的可以是单数,也可以是复数,如:He has a book in one hand, and a pen in the other. (单数)又如:There are some people in the room. Four are girls, the other(复数)are boys. 要注意的是当the other作主语时,其后面的谓语动词要视具体情况而定,它可能是单数,也可能是复数。others则只能作代词,其意为other ones即为:泛指某些,某一部分人或物,如:Each of us must think of others. 而the others只能作为代词,它是特指某一些人或物,如:I know only one or two of the students; the others are unknown to me.



4. answer  



[误] Someone is knocking at the door. Please reply the door bell.

[正] Someone is knocking at the door, Please answer the door bell.

[析] answer与reply是近义词,作为及物动词用时有时二者是可以互换的,如:The student answered / replied that he wanted to watch TV. 但在某些特定场合则不易互换。作为应答之意时则多用answer,如:You should answer to your name. Please answer my letter as soon as possible. Answer my question in English.



5. any



[误] Do you have some questions?

[正] Do you have any questions?

[析] some一般要用于肯定句,而any则用于否定句或疑问句。



[误] China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

[正] China is larger than any other country in Asia.

[析] 要注意any other 其后要跟单数名词,但any of the other 其后要接复数名词。China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.



[误] Here are some books; you can choose anyone of these.

[正] Here are some books; you can choose any one of these.

[析] anyone只能指人,而any one即可指人也可以指物。



6. around



[误] The nine planets go around of the sun.

[正] The nine planets go around the sun.

[析] around后面不要再加介词,如:The sun shines all around us.



around round

作介词用的around与round通常可以互换,只不过美语常用around,而英语常用round,例如:You can see the post office round / around that corner. 绕过那个弯你就可以看到邮局。但是一定要区别它们的不同之处:round可以用作形容词、副词、介词、动词、名词;而around只能用作副词或介词。例如:The post office is just round (around) the house.(用作介词)He has round face.(用作形容词)The river rounded the stones.(用作动词)



7. arrive



[误] I arrived Beijing the day before yesterday.

[正] I arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday.

[正] I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.

[误] He arrived in the school at 11∶00.

[正] He arrived at the school at 11∶00.

[析] arrive为不及物动词,当到达的是较大的地理区域时用介词in,而到达较小的地方时则用at, 如:arrive in New York, arrive at the village.



arrive, reach, get

arrive如上所述是不及物动词,而reach则是及物动词。如:How did you reach the school this morning? 而get可用作不及物动词,作“到达”讲时其后面多与to连用。如:When did you get to New York?



8. as



[误] This man works in the bank for a manager.

[正] This man works in the bank as a manager.

[析] as与for有时是可以通用的。如:This room is used as (for) a classroom. 但是用来指官衔、职位时只能用as.



[误] My brother is so taller as Tom.

[正] My brother is as tall as Tom.

[析] as ... as之间只能用形容词与副词的原级,而不能用比较级。在否定句中可以用so ... as,也可以用as ... as,但在肯定句中只能用as ... as,如:He is not so tall as Tom.



[误] I'll give him the note as soon as he will come.

[正] I'll give him the note as soon as he comes.

[析] as soon as所引导的状语从句中应使用一般时态表示将来。



9. ask



[误] The student asked a question to the teacher.

[正] The student asked the teacher a question.

[析] ask应接双宾语,即ask somebody something.



[误] They asked some books.

[正] They asked for some books.

[析]向某人要求某物时应用ask somebody for something或ask for something from somebody, 如:He asked his mother for some money. 或He asked for some money from his mother.



10. asleep



[误] He is deeply asleep.

[正] He is fast asleep.

[析]要讲“熟睡”,就要用fast来修饰asleep。另外,在英语中一般不讲somebody is sleeping而要用asleep。关于睡觉这一词的惯用法还有:go to sleep(如:The old man usually goes to sleep at ten.),fall asleep(如:I fell asleep at English class yesterday.)



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地板
 楼主| 发表于 2012-5-14 09:18:45 | 只看该作者
2011年中考英语易错题(4)
湖北省宜昌市第五中学 葛 林


1. at



[误]It will really do you no harm quite.

[正]It will really do you no harm at all.

[析]at all和quite的汉语意思均为“全然”、“确定的”,但at all适用于否定句,例如:--- I'm sorry. I'm late.--- No trouble at all. 又如:I don't think it is right at all. 而quite则适用于肯定句,例如:He is quite a good teacher.



[误]The children play football for lunch.

[正]The children play football at lunch.

[析]英语中的at lunch为“在吃午饭时”。这种惯用法还有at work(在工作),at table(在吃饭),at desk(在学习)。而for lunch则是为午饭而准备的食物,又如:We had some milk for breakfast.



[误]There is a post office in the corner of the street.

[正]There is a post office at the corner of the street. 

[析]at the corner是指墙外面的角,而in the corner是指建筑物内部的角落。例如:There is a computer in the corner of the room. There is a street lamp at the corner of the street.



at, in, on

在表示时间时用来表示具体钟点用at,如:He will be back at six. 表示一天的上、下午时要用in,如:I usually get up at six in the morning. 但要注意的是:in the morning和in the afternoon这两个词组中如果加入了任何修饰词,其介词要换为on,如:on the cold morning, on the hot afternoon.又如:See you on Monday morning. 如讲到具体的某一天,要用on, 如:on Sunday, 如:I usually want to visit my mother on Sundays. 在谈到周、月、季、年时要用in,如:All the children will be happy in Easter week. He was born in July. 但要注意在泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节时都用at, 如:Where are you going at Easter.



2. back



[误]I'm sorry. I have to back home.

[正]I'm sorry. I have to go back home.

[正]I'm sorry. I have to go home.

[析]back用作“回到(某处)”之意,不是动词。



3. be



[误]Where do you from?

[正]Where are you from?

[析]“你从何处来”应为Where are you from?或Where do you come from? 但要注意这两句话均是问对方从哪个国家来的。要是口语中问“你是从什么地方来?”应讲Where did you come from? 回答用I came from the library.



4. beat



[误]We have won your class.

[正]We have beaten your class.

[正]We have won the game.

[析]win是胜过之意,它是及物动词,但其后的宾语只能接比赛、战争、奖品、奖金的名称,如:Which team won the football match? 而beat指打败对手、敌人……如:My brother beat me at poker.(要注意的是,beat的过去式与原形相同,而过去分词为beaten)。 



[误]The ball beat me badly.

[正]The ball hit me badly.

[误]He used to hit the little boy black and blue.

[正]He used to beat the little boy black and blue.

[析]beat指打击多次,而hit则为击中对方的一次性打击。



5. beautiful



[误]He is a beautiful boy.

[正]He is a handsome boy.

[析]我们可以讲She is a beautiful girl. This is a beautiful park. 但要讲男人的“英俊”时要用handsome.



6. because



[误]The reason why I was late is because I was ill.

[正]The reason why I was late is that I was ill.

[误]Because it was Sunday, so the park was crowded.

[正]Because it was Sunday the park was crowded.

[析]这种错误是因为中文的习惯与英语的表述法不同,中文常讲我来晚了的原因是因为我病了,而英文中的第二个因为要用that代替。又因中文常讲因为……所以……,而英文中用了因为就不能再用所以了,同样用了“所以”也就不要再用“因为”一词。例如:Because we study hard, we passed the exam easily. 或者:We study hard so we passed the exam easily.



because, because of

because后要接从句,例如:We like physics because we can learn a lot of new ideas. 而because of后要接名词作介词宾语,如:He is not at school because of the illness.



7. before



[误]We have two hours to kill before we will go home.

[正]We have two hours to kill before we go home.

[析]kill time意为“消磨时光”。

英语状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如:If it rains we will not go to the park.



[误]I did this work two days before.

[正]I did this work two days ago.

[析]用ago组成的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词要用过去时,而before引起的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词多用完成时,如:I has done this work a few days before.



before, long, long before

before long是“不久”之意,例如:I shall go to America before long. 而long before则是“很久很久”之意,如:We knew this teacher long before we saw him. (我们在看到这位老师之前很久就知道他了。)



8. begin



[误]The meeting will begin from Monday.

[正]The meeting will begin on Monday.

[误]The film has begun for ten minutes. 

[正]The film has been on for ten minutes.

[析]begin是瞬间动词,所以它的完成时态不能接表示一段时间的状语,如:The film has begun. 这句话是对的,即“电影已经开始”。但要讲已经开始10分钟了则要用has been on即“上演了10分钟”。



begin, start

begin与start两词后面加不定式或动名词都可以,且意思并无区别,但在表达习惯时接动名词的用法较多,如:How old were you when you first started learning English?但这两个词的进行时态中则多用不定式,如:I was beginning to get hungry. 但如果句子的主语是物而不是人,则多用不定式,如:The ice began to melt. It started to get dark before we got to school. 当动词是表达某种心理状态时,要用不定式,如:The student began to understand his mistakes.



[误]They study hard in the class from the beginning to the end.

[正]They study hard in the class from beginning to end.

[析]from beginning to end是习惯用法,即自始至终,不要加冠词,但如单独使用则要加冠词,例如:At the beginning, the teacher gave us an exam.



9. behind



[误]He missed the class because he was behind the time.

[正]He missed the class because he was behind time.

[析]behind time一短语意为“晚了”,而behind the times意为“落后于时代”。behind是介词同时又是副词,如Come out from behind the door(介词). He's a long way behind(副词). He fell behind with his classmates(副词).



10. below



[误]What's that below the chair.

[正]What's that under the chair.

[析]under意为“正下方”,而below意为“比……低”,或指“在下游”。如:There is a fall below the river. (河的下游有一个瀑布。)其反义词为over,如:There is a big plane flying over the city. 但在“下面的例子”一表达语中则要用the example below, 而不要用under.

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5#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-5-14 09:19:02 | 只看该作者
2011年中考英语易错题(5)
湖北省宜昌市第五中学 葛 林


1. beside



[误]The students stood besides the teacher.

[正]The students stood beside the teacher.

[误]I study English beside Chinese.

[正]I study English besides Chinese.

[析]beside意为“在……旁边”,而besides是“除……以外(还如何)”。



beside, by near  

beside意为“在……旁”,如:There is a tall tree beside the river. by多指“倚、靠”、“沿着”之意,如:She is standing by the window. near多用来表示两地间距离不远,如:There is a post office near our school.



2. better



[误]You had better to do it at home.

[正]You had better do it at home.

[误]You hadn't better wake me up at six.

[正]You had better not wake me up at six.

[析]had better在肯定句中为“应该作某事”,其后加不带to的不定式,而在否定句中应用had better + not + 动词原形。在简答语中had常省略为'd,如:You'd better not. 又如:Let's go first. No, we'd better not.



3. between



[误]Among the two trees there is a space of the feet.

[正]Between the two trees there is a space of the feet.

[析]两者之间多用between,三者或三者以上之间则用among.



[误]You must choose between this club or that club.

[正]You must choose between this club and that club.

[析]在两个之间作出选择要用between ... and ...,而不能用between ... or ...



4. big



[误]There was a big rain last night.

[正]There was a heavy rain last night.

[析]大雨在英语中只能用a heavy rain而不要用a big rain.



5. bit  



[误]He is a bit fool.

[正]He is a bit of a fool.

[析]a bit可以作程度副词,与a little相同,但它用于名词前应用a bit of, 而用于形容词前则应用a bit,如:I'm a bit tired, 而其简答的否定句应为Not a bit,(一点儿也不。)又如:

--- Do you mind if I open the door?

--- Not a bit.  



6. black



[误]The children became black after swimming in the sea.

[正]The children became sunburned after swimming in the sea.

[析]因太阳照晒而皮肤变黑,不应用black而应用sunburned, sun colour或dark. 



7. hair



[误]The girl has black eyes and black hair.

[正]The girl has dark eyes and black hair.

[析]英语中black eyes的意思是被打得发青的眼睛。



[误]The Europeans like red tea.

[正]The Europeans like black tea. 

[析]红茶在英文中应为black tea. 这种惯用法还有:black and blue(鼻青脸肿,青一块紫一块);black and white(黑白电视片)。go black意为“在失去知觉时眼前一片黑暗”;look black意为“情况不妙,前景暗淡”。如:After the fight he was black and blue. On TV, I like colour for something and black and white for others.



8. body



[误]Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your body.

[正]Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your health.

[析]中文常讲对你身体有利,而英文中则讲对你健康有利。



9. borrow



[误]May I lend some books from the library?

[正]May I borrow some books from the library?

[误]How long can I borrow it?

[正]How long can I keep it?

[析]英语中有三个词都可译为“借”,但意义各不相同如:“借入”是borrow,其常用句型结构是borrow something from somebody,这是个瞬间性动词,不可与表示延续的时间状语连用。例如:The students want to borrow some books from the library. “借出”用lend,即借给别人东西。其常用句型是lend somebody something, 或lend something to somebody.例如:Could you lend us your dictionary?或Could you lend your dictionary to us? 它也是瞬间性动词,也不能与延续的时间状语连用。keep则是延续性动词,可以和表示长时间段的时间状语连用,也可与how long等疑问词连用,如:You can keep it for three days.



10. born (bear的过去分词) 



[误]I born in Shanghai.

[正]I was born in Shanghai.

[误]He was born from Greek parents.

[正]He was born of Greek parents.

[析]“出身于……样的家庭”不要作from而要用of,例如:He was born of a poor family.



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6#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-5-14 09:19:15 | 只看该作者
2011年中考英语易错题(6)
湖北省宜昌市第五中学 葛 林


    1. both



[误]They both are students.

[正]They are both students.

[误]They refuse both to answer this question.

[正]They both refuse to answer this question.

[析]both作同位语时,一般要用在be动词之后实意动词之前。



[误]I know his both parents.

[正]I know both his parents.

[误]The both brothers were students.

[正]Both the brothers were students.

[正]Both brothers were students.

[析]当both与形容词性物主代词my,his,her等以及定冠词the连用时,都应将这些词置于both之后。另外,在与定冠词连用时the可以省略。



[误]Both of my parents are not at home.

[正]Neither of my parents are at home.

[误]Both of your answers are not right.

[正]Neither of your answers is right.

[正]Both your answers are wrong.

[析]both不能用于否定句中作主语。表示“两者都不”时要用neither;但作宾语时both与either则都对,但要注意句意有所不同。例如:I can not give both of the books to you.(我不能将两本书全给你。)而I can not give either of the books to you.(两本书中哪本书也不能给你。)



2. bring



[误]Please bring this dictionary to Mr Brown.

[正]Please take this dictionary to Mr Brown.

[误]Next time, please take your little sister here.

[正]Next time, please bring your little sister here.

[析]英语中bring是“带来”,而take是“带走”。还有一个词fetch, 表示“到某处去把某物取、接回来”。如:Please fetch the doctor at once.



3. business



[误]My father went to Shanghai for business.

[正]My father went to Shanghai on business.

[析]on business出差



4. busy



[误]The students were very busy to prepare for the exam.

[正]The students were very busy preparing for the exam.

[析]be busy doing something为“忙于作某事”。



[误]The students were busy for the exam.

[正]The students were busy with the exam.

[析]busy直接接名词时应用with。


  5. but



[误]He couldn't help but realizing that he was wrong.

[正]He couldn't help but realize that he was wrong.

[误]She couldn't help to cry when she saw her mother.

[正]She couldn't help crying when she saw her mother.

[析]couldn't help其后应接动名词,表示情不自禁的动作,但couldn't help but后面要加动词原形即省to的不定式,所以前一句应译为“他才真正认识到他错了。”



6. buy



[误]I have bought this dictionary for three years.

[正]I have had this dictionary for three years.

[析]buy是截止性(即瞬间)动词,它可以有完成时,如:I have bought this dictionary. 但是不能与表示较长的时间状语连用。如要讲我这本字典已买了3年了则要用have had这一结构即我拥有这本字典已3年了。



7. by



[误]The boy shot the cat by a gun. 

[正]The boy shot the cat with a gun.

[误]He came to school by a taxi this morning.

[正]He came to school by taxi this morning.

[析]作为某种运输手段来讲,by与名词间不能有冠词,如:by car,by bike,by air等。如有了冠词或其他修饰词,则应用别的相应的介词,如:“我们今天早上是乘他的车来的”一句应译为:We came here in his car this morning. 与by结合而成的词组很多,常用的有:by the way顺便说说;by hand手工制作;by oneself独自地;by no means决不。



8. call



[误]I'll call at Mr Brown.

[正]I'll call on Mr Brown.

[误]I'll call on Mr Brown's home.

[正]I'll call at Mr Brown's home.

[析]作“拜访”讲时,at后面接访问地点,而on后面接访问的人。



call on, drop in, visit

call on比较正式的为公务的访问,如:We were called on by the old students. 而drop in则是比较随便的走走,顺便拜访,如:If you're free, drop in. 而visit则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来,如:My school's headmaster will visit America next week.



9. can



[误]A blind man can not judge colours. 

[正]A blind man cannot judge colours.

[误]I cann't call for you at ten.

[正]I can't call for you at ten.

[析]can的否定形式应为cannot或can't. 



[误]It's only six o'clock. That mustn't be the postman.

[正]It's only six o'clock. That can't be the postman.

[析] must用来表示一种肯定的推断,如:She must have some problems. She keeps crying. 但在否定句中则要用can't,要表示对过去的推测则要用“must + have +过去分词”的表达法,如:The lights have gone out. A fuse must have blown. 而对过去的否定推测则多用“can't + have + 过去分词”,如:I don't think he can have heard you. Call again.



[误]We could not help to laugh at once.

[正]We could not help laughing at once.

[正]We could not help but laugh at once.

[析] “couldn't help + 动名词”表示禁不住做了某事。但could not help but与could not but后面要加不带to的不定式,意思都是不得不去做某事.如:You could not (help) but respect him.



can, be able to

can与be able to都可以用来表示能力,但can只有现在时与过去时,be able to则可用任何时态,如:He will be able to teach the child. 但要表示经过努力而达到的一次性动作则只能用be able to,如:He finally was able to jump over 210 meters. 或:The plane was able to fly over the mountain. 但要注意的是这两个词都没有进行时态,而be able to后面不接不定式的被动态。



can, could

can与could都可以用在现在时的口语中,只是用could更为礼貌,语气更委婉。如:Could you tell us a story?



10. care



[误]I don't care coffee.

[正]I don't care for coffee.

[误]Take care for your steps.

[正]Take care of your steps.

[析] care for是“对某物感兴趣”,而care of是“关心,要当心某事”,如:She didn't care for him. Take care of what you are doing.



[误]I don't care where we will go if it doesn't rain.

[正]I don't care where we go if it doesn't rain.

[析]在it doesn't matter,I don't care,I don't mind,及in case引出的状语从句后面要用现在时表示将来。如:I've got a football in case we have time for a game.



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7#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-5-14 09:19:33 | 只看该作者
2011年中考英语易错题(7)
湖北省宜昌市第五中学 葛 林


1. change



[误]I want to change my camera with that one.

[正]I want to change my camera for that one.

[析] change for为“以某物为交换物”。而change with则是“随……而变”,如:The wood's colour changed with the season.



2. cheap



[误]A teacher's salary is generally very cheap.

[正]A teacher's salary is generally very low.

[析]工资的高低要用low,cheap是指价格便宜,如果要讲物美价廉则要用not expensive, 如:This car is not expensive.



3. choose



[误]We each had to have a choose of A or B.

[正]We each had to have a choice of A or B.

[析]choice是名词,而choose是动词。



4. class



[误]The class is watching TV.

[正]The class are watching TV.

[析]class作主语时,如果作为整体讲则应用单数形式的谓语动词,如:The class was more than forty in number. 如考虑到具体的每个成员时则应用复数形式的谓语动词,如:The class are, in general, very bright.



5. clean



[误]Sorry, I didn't bought it here. I cleanly forgot.

[正]Sorry, I didn't bought it here. I clean forgot.

[析]clean可以作为副词讲,其意为“完全”,而cleanly则意为“正确地”、“干净利落地”,如:The knife doesn't cut cleanly. 而clean作为形容词讲时意为“清洁的”、“干净的”,如:Her face is not clean now.



6. clever



[误]I'm not clever in English.

[正]I'm not clever at English.

[析]clever at是固定搭配,表示在某方面有特长。



7. close



[误]It is cold outside. Please keep the door close.

[正]It is cold outside. Please keep the door closed.

[析]这里的close是动词,意为“关闭”,而keep后要加形容词,所以要用close的过去分词形式closed作形容词。作形容词用的close意为“近的”、“亲密的”。



[误]Come closely so that I can see you.

[正]Come close so that I can see you.

[误]Good teaching and good testing are close related.

[正]Good teaching and good testing are closely related.

[析]close,closely同样可以作副词用,但其意义不同,close是“靠近”、“接近”之意,而closely则是“紧密”、“严密”、“密切”之意。



[误]My school was quite close from my home.

[正]My school was quite close to my home. 

[析]“与……接近”是close to ...,例如:

He was close to fifty.

There is a bus stop close to the station.



close, shut, turn

shut与close是同义词,如close the door或shut the door. 但要讲把某人关在门外时则只能用shut somebody out而不能用close,因shut语气较强,并含有隔离之意。而turn off是指关上电视、电灯、煤气之类,有切断之意。



8. cloth



[误]The children wear very good cloth to go to school.

[正]The children wear very good clothes to go to school.

[误]I need a lot of clothing. I'm going to make a new cloth.

[正]I need a lot of cloth. I'm going to make a new dress.

[析]cloth是“布”、“布料”,没有复数形式。一块布料是a piece of cloth,而clothes统指衣服,是复数名词,“一套衣服”要讲a suit of clothes,如果是“一件件衣服”应讲shirt,dress,sweater等。而clothing是衣物的总称,是不可数名词。例如:This clothing is needed in warm countries. Her clothes are made of fine cloth. 英语中的dress是指比较正式的服装,如a school dress(校服),a student dress(学生套装),a working dress(工作服)。



9. coffee



[误]Please give me two waters.

[正]Please give me two coffees.

[正]Please give me two cups of water.

[析]虽然coffee,water,tea等都是物质名词,但是只有coffee可用coffees取代若干杯coffee,而其他的却不行,其前要加a cup of或a glass of.



10. colour (color)



[误]Colours of flowers are red, yellow and white.

[正]Flowers are red, yellow and white.

[析]中文的“花的颜色有红色、黄色和白色”,若译为英文Colours of flowers are ...,就显得重复了。



[误]I like green colour.

[正]I like green.

[正]I like colour green.

[析]colour green中的colour是green的同位语,所以这种说话方式英语是可以接受的。



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