人教版初二英语八年级下册单元同步学习辅导资料

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Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 单元教学资料总汇
深蓝


[内容提要] 含6大部分：本单元教学目标、知识背景、重点难点分析、词汇讲解、时态等语法突破、语言点19个的讲解。资料贯穿整个单元，方便教师备课、学生学习、复习。



一. 本单元教学内容：



Hello , boys and girls . How's everything going ? In this unit , we will learn to talk about past events and to tell a story .



（一）语言目标（Language goals）

1. Talk about past events . 谈论过去发生的事件。

2. Tell a story . 讲述故事。



（二）语言结构（Structures）

1. 过去进行时态： “was / were + doing”结构

Questions and statements with past progressive .

2. Adverbial clauses with when and while .

以when、while引导的时间状语从句

3. 复习一般过去时（Past tense）



（三）目标语言（Target Language）

1. What were you doing when the UFO arrived ? I was sitting in the barber's chair .

   当UFO到达的时候，你正在做什么？我正坐在理发店的椅子上。

2. The barber was cutting my hair when they arrived .

3. While he was buying souvenirs , a girl called the police .

4. The girl was shopping when the alien got out .

5. While the girl was shopping , the alien got out .

6. How about you ? I was doing my homework .

7. You're kidding .



（四）词汇（Vocabulary）

1. 部分动词的过去式

took off（起飞、脱下）  arrived（到达）  landed（着陆）

got out（下车、下来）   shouted（喊叫）  climbed（爬）

happened（发生）        ran away（逃跑）

2. 部分动词的-ing形式

cutting    cooking    eating     getting out    going

making     shouting   sleeping   standing       studying

taking     talking    climbing   buying         coming

3. when、while 当……时候

4. bathroom（浴室）   barber's（理发店）   barber shop 理发店   shower（淋浴）   police officer（警官）

5. another（另一个）  jump down（跳下来）   go up（向上去）    in front of（在……前面）



（五）重点、难点分析

1. 过去进行时：表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作。

构成：was / were + 现在分词（其中was是am、is的过去式，were是are的过去式）

eg. 1) I was doing my homework then . 那时，我正在做作业。

    2) He was cooking in the kitchen at 12 o'clock yesterday .昨天12点，他正在厨房烧饭。

用法：1）过去进行时表现过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。

eg. She was writing a letter when I came in .我进来时，她正在写封信。

2）过去进行时还表示过去某阶段正在进行的动作。

eg. They were waiting for you yesterday .他们昨天一直在等你。

2. 现在分词的构成

1）一般动词在词尾加-ing，读[iη]，如go→going。

2）以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing。

   come→coming     make→making    write→writing

3）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾以一个辅音字母结尾，应先双写这个字母，再加ing，x和w结尾的除外。

   如get→getting   swim→swimming  show→showing

4）以字母y结尾的单词，直接加ing。

　 如carrying、playing、studying。

5）以字母ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加ing。

   die→dying   lie→lying

6）以元音字母加e结尾，或以e结尾，且e发音的动词，直接加-ing 。

   see→seeing  be→being

3. 使用进行时态的注意事项

1）一些动词，如see、hear、love、like、know、remember；understand、have等表示感情、知觉和状态的词，一般不用于进行时态。

2）在there和here引起的句子中，常用一般现在时代替现在进行时。

   eg. Here comes the bus .

       There goes the bell .

4. 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别

1）过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作，而一般过去时则表示一个完整的动作。如：

   They were writing letters to their friends last night .昨晚他们在写信给他们的朋友。（没有说明信是否写完）

   They wrote letters to their friends last night .他们昨晚写了信给他们的朋友。（表达了他们已写好的意思，整个写的过程已完成。）

2）当动作延续较长时间时或表示厌烦、赞美等感情色彩时，常用过去进行时表示。如：

   He was thinking more of others than of himself .他考虑别人的比考虑自己的多。（表示说话者赞扬的口气）

   The boy was always making trouble then .那时，他总是惹麻烦。（表示说话者厌烦的口气）

5. 以when和while引导的时间状语从句

1）延续性动词和非延续性动词

延续性动词指动作可以延续一段时间，而不是瞬间结束。如：work、study、drink、eat等。

非延续性动词指动作极为短暂，瞬间结束。如：start、begin、hit、jump、knock等。

2）在本单元中，出现了以when和while引导的时间状语从句。

<1> when表示“当……的时候”。从句中既可用延续性动词，又可用非延续性动词，这些动词既可以表示动作，又可表示状态。从句中的动作既可和主句的动作同时发生，又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。如：

Mary was having dinner when I saw her .

The boy was still sleeping when his mother got home yesterday morning .

<1> while表示“在……的时候”、“在……期间”。它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。while从句中必须是表示动作或状态的延续性动词。如：

The weather was fine while we were in Beijing .

She called while I was out .

如果主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生，从句常用进行时。如。

While we were swimming someone stole our clothes .

Don't talk so loud while others are working .

总结：

<1> when可指时间点，又可指时间段，从句中可用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词。

<2> while总是指一个时间段，从句中必须用延续性动词。

6. In this unit , we'll learn how to tell a story . Let's take section B 3a as an example .

1）Listen to this story 听这个故事

Linda Jacobs loves her dog Davy . They went to New York City last Saturday . While Linda was buying a newspaper at the train station , the dog got out of his box and ran away . The station was crowded and Linda couldn't see Davy anywhere . When Linda shouted his name , some people looked at her but Davy didn't come . Then she called the police . While she was talking on the telephone , Davy met another dog outside the station . While the police were coming , Linda walked around the station and called Davy's name . She didn't think about looking outside the station . Finally , a little boy said to her , “Did you look outside ? I saw a big black dog when I came in .” When Linda finally saw Davy , he was jumping and running with another dog . There was a police officer next to them . The police officer said to Linda , “I think my dog found your dog .”

注意事项：

a. 交代清楚故事发生的时间、地点及人物。

人物：Linda and her dog Davy ; A police officer and his dog ; A boy

地点：at the train station

时间：last Saturday

b. 正确运用时态

Linda loves her dog Davy .在这句话中，表明了一种持续的状态，用一般现在时。

They went to New York City last Saturday .

在这句话中，讲的是发生在上周六的事情，因此，时态是一般过去时。一个故事中，时态的变化不应太大，如果故事发生在过去，一般都用过去的某种时态。

又如：When Linda finally saw Davy , he was jumping and running with another dog .

在这句中，用过去进行时。

c. 注意运用一些顺序词，如First , then , next , Finally , at the same time（与此同时）, after that（从那以后）恰当地运用这些连接词，能够使文章流畅，通顺，增色不少。

Ex : P22 Section B 4a

It's an open ending writing . 即开放式结尾的故事。注意上面提示的几点注意事项，看图作文，并给出结尾。

7. UFO：Unidentified Flying Object 不明飞行物

1947年6月24日，一名叫做阿诺德的美国商人，架着一架小型飞机在华盛顿州上空，发现一组巨型不明飞行物以1000公里左右的速度，同他一起在空中翱翔。阿诺德的有关目击报告第一次引起公众的兴趣，从此“飞碟”或UFO便迅速流传开来。

8. The boy was walking down the street when a UFO landed .当一个UFO着陆的时候，那个男孩正在街上走。

   land n. 陆地，地面

        v. 登陆，降落

9. At around ten o'clock in the morning .

在上午，在早晨 in the morning

在下午 in the afternoon

在晚上 in the evening

在十点钟左右 at around ten o'clock

在正午 at noon

在晚上 at night

*请注意介词的不同

10. take off

（1）脱下 eg. Please take off your coat . It's warm in the room .请脱下大衣，屋子里面很暖和。

（2）起飞 eg. The girl was eating the icecream when the UFO took off .当UFO起飞的时候，那个女孩正在吃冰激淋。

11. talk on the phone 通过电话谈话

注意：这里要用介词on

12. get out of the shower 洗完澡出来

get out of the UFO 从UFO中出来

get out 出来

13. I was walking down the street when a UFO landed right in front of me .当一个UFO恰好落在我面前的时候，我正在街上走。

right在这里是副词，“恰好”“正好”的意思，表示强调。

例如right now（现在） right here（就在这儿）

right in front of me 恰好在我前面

14. be surprised （某人）很吃惊

eg. He was surprised when I saw him .我看见他的时候，他很吃惊。

另外，surprise sb. 指“让某人吃惊”

eg. I don't want to surprise you .我不想让你吃惊。

15. Before the police arrived , the alien left the shop .在警方到达之前，外星人离开了商店。

before“在……之前”引导时间状语从句

16. be scared （某人）给吓坏了，害怕了

eg. He was scared when he heard the strange voice .当他听到了那个奇怪的声音，他害怕了。

17. run away 逃跑

18. walk around the station 在车站走来走去

19. She didn't think about looking outside the station .她没想到过要往车站外面看一看。

think about 考虑

looking outside the station 是动名词短语，做think about的宾语。

look outside 往外看

While Hai Yan was at the doctor's , I was going to class .当海燕在诊所的时候，我正要去上课。

at the doctor's 在诊所（医院）

at the barber's 在理发店

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Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 书面表达
人民教育出版社



请你根据下面所给的开头续写一个故事，要求在故事中恰当地使用一般过去时和过去进行时。（字数：80词左右）

A few days ago, I went to my favorite restaurant for lunch. While I was eating, an old friend came into the restaurant. He saw me and ....



参考范文：

A few days ago, I went to my favorite restaurant for lunch. While I was eating, an old friend came into the restaurant and sat down at my table. He looked terrible. His pants were wet and one shoe was missing. He told me while he was waiting for the bus to go to work this morning, a thief took his wallet. He saw a little child running down the street, so he ran after him. The child ran to a beautiful woman walking a dog. The child was not a thief, but was running to his mother! Her dog bit my friend's shoe. My friend ran to get away from the dog and fell into some water in the street. Finally he saw me in the restaurant and came into borrow some money to go home!

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Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 学习目标



人民教育出版社

  

目标话题		有趣的故事
目标功能		讲述过去正在发生的事情
目标结构		1. 过去进行时的结构和用法 What were you doing at nine last Sunday morning? I was helping my mom do the cooking at six yesterday evening. 2. 由when / while引导的时间状语从句 She was walking down the street when the UFO landed. While the girl was shopping, the alien got out.
目标词汇	核心词	bathroom, bedroom, kitchen, buy, land, got, shirt, while, expensive, around, strange, follow, kid, cut, climb, jump, shout, ride, cat, ran, anywhere, met, happen, accident, plane, hear, modern, kill, murder, bright, playground, bell, ring, tell, close, silence, meaning, become, earth, hero, fly
	拓展词	barber, scared, recent, destroy, flight, amazing
	认读词	UFO, alien, terrorist, tragedy
	词组	get out, take off, run away, come in, hear about, take place, as ... as ...
目标文化		培养科学探索精神
目标策略		正确理解上下文的语境；通过角色扮演来学习语言

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Unit 4 He said I was hard-working. 词汇（1）
人民教育出版社
  

1. ever  adj. at any time up to the present; at all times 曾经；永远

示例

Have you ever been to Sydney? It's really a fantastic place. 你去过悉尼吗？那的确是个好地方。

用法点击

ever在疑问句中的意思是“曾经；在这以前”，常用于现在完成时。例如：Have you ever been to Tibet? 你曾经去过西藏吗？ever在否定句中意思是“至今；不曾”。例如：I haven't ever read this book. 我至今未曾读过这本书。

词汇拓展

常用搭配：for ever 永远        ever more 永远        ever since 自从

                        Yours ever（可用于非正式书信署名前）你永远的（朋友）



2. own adj. to give emphasis to the idea of personal possession 自己的

示例

I saw it with my own eyes, believe me! 我亲眼看见的，相信我吧！

用法点击

own 既可以作形容词和代词，意思是“自己的”，也可以作动词，意思是“拥有”。例如：This car is mine. I own it. 这辆车是我的，我拥有它。（用作动词）That's her own idea. 那是她自己的主意。（用作形容词）Your day off is your own. 你的假日归你自己支配。（用作代词）

词汇拓展

常用搭配：on one's won 单独；独自

谚语：It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest. 家丑不可外扬。

                 To pay a person in his own way. 以其人之道还治其人之身。

相关词：owner n. 所有人；拥有者



3. suppose v. take it as a fact that; think 假定；认为

示例

Let us suppose that the news is true. What shall we do then? 就让我们假设这个消息是真的，那么我们下一步该怎么办呢？

用法点击

suppose 常用于“be supposed to do”这一结构，表示“被期望或要求；应该；被许可”。例如：We are not supposed to play football on Sundays. 我们在星期天不允许踢球。suppose 和think，believe等词一样，如果后面接宾语从句并进行否定时，一般要在主句中的谓语动词前加否定词，也就是我们常说的“否定前置”。例如：I don't suppose he will be here on time. 我认为他不会准时到的。suppose还常用于句首，用来引导条件句。例如：Suppose you are free, what would you like to do? 假如你有空，你想做什么？“I suppose”这一结构可做插入语，在句中位置较为灵活。例如：Prices will go up, I suppose. / I suppose prices will go up. / Prices, I suppose, will go up. 我觉得物价要上涨。

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Unit 4 He said I was hard-working. 词汇（2）
人民教育出版社
  

1. decision  n. a choice or judgment that you make after period of discussion or thought 决定；判断

示例

Have they reached a decision yet? 他们是否已经有所决定？

用法点击

与decision常连用的动词是take 或make，例如：He is really bad at making decisions. 他确实不善决策。如果要强调在经过协商后做出的决定，可用reach / come to a decision 这一结构，例如：We must come to a decision by tomorrow about what to do next. 我们最晚明天必须做出决定，确定下一步做什么。

词汇拓展

相关词：decide v. 决定        decided adj. 确定的；坚决的

                     decisive adj. 决定性的



2. influence n.  the power to affect the way someone or something develops, behaves, or thinks without using direct force or orders 影响；影响力

示例

Parents have been worried about the influence of western films and TV programs. 家长已经开始担心西方的影视剧带来的不良影响。

用法点击

influence 既可用作名词又可用作动词。作名词时，常与on / over 连用。例如：What is the influence of television on children? 电视对儿童有什么影响？（用作名词）Don't let me influence you either way. 你做任何决定都别受我的影响。（用作动词）



3. danger n. the possibility that someone or something will be harmed, destroyed, or killed 危险

示例

Children's lives are in danger every time they cross this road. 孩子们每次过这条马路都冒着生命危险。

用法点击

danger用作名词，可以表示“危险；危险的人或事”。例如：In war, a soldier's life is always full of danger. 在战争中士兵的生命总是处于危险之中。danger还常用在in danger 或out of danger 结构中，表示“处在危险之中”或“脱离危险”。例如：I don't want to put you in danger. 我不想让你身陷危险之中。The patient is now out of danger. 病人已经脱离危险了。

词汇拓展

常用搭配：in danger (of) 处于危险或困境之中

                        out of danger 脱离危险

谚语：A common danger causes common action. 同仇敌忾

                  Fear is often greater than the danger. 杞人忧天。

相关词：dangerous adj. 有危险的；不安全的

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Unit 4 He said I was hard-working. 语言要点
广东省教育厅教研室
  


1. --- What did she say?

--- She said she was mad at Marcia.

She said she was having a party for Lana.

She said she could speak three languages.



2. --- What did he say?

--- He said he went to the beach every Saturday.

   He told me he would call me the next day.



3. report, surprise party, be mad at, anymore, first of all, message, pass on, response, be supposed to, hard-working, do well in, average, in good health, end-of-year exam, nervous, report card, luckily, semester, disappointing, get mad, get over, own, copy, have a favor, worst

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Unit 4 He said I was hard-working. 文化背景知识介绍
广东省教育厅教研室
  


1) In some cultures, many parents do not allow boys and girls to go to parties together. These parents feel that it is better for their children to wait until they are older to start spending time with the opposite sex. In the United States most teenagers are free to go to parties starting at about age 12 or 13.



2) A report card is a card that a western student receives usually once a semester or term from their school. This usually contains the grades they received for each of their school subjects, often with comments from their subject teachers and / or class teacher. If a student has bad grades or a bad overall report, they may be nervous about giving the report card to their parents, who often have to sign it. There are even American comedy movies in which students with bad report card pretend that they have lost them, just because they are so nervous about showing their bad grades to their parents. In western culture, the day that report cards are given out is always a significant day for students, especially for bad students!