【外研社版初中英语】初中生一定要背下的英语结构短语

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老师说：英语怎么学？把这些每天背一点，再试着造几个句字。套路学会了，作文和语法解决了一半哦。一天一点点的积累，收获大大的进步。


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1. to do 结构题

ask sb. to do sth. 请（叫）某人做某事

tell sb. to do sth. 请（叫）某人做某事

help sb. (to) do sth. 协助做某事

want sb. to do sth. 想要做某事

wish sb. to do sth. 希望做某事

invite sb. to do sth. 约请某人做某事

drive sb. to do sth. 驱使某人做某事

expect sb. to do sth. 希冀某人做某事

forbid sb. to do sth. 制止某人做某事

force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事

hope to do sth. 希望做某事

offer to do sth. 自动提出做某事

plan to do sth. 方案做某事

prepare to do sth. 预备做某事

pretend to do sth. 伪装做某事

promise to do sth. 容许做某事

refuse to do sth. 回绝做某事

fail to do sth. 未能做某事

happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事

need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事

need doing = need to be done. 某事需要被做

advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事

advise doing sth. 建议做某事

allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

allow  doing  sth. 允许某人做某事

2. -ing 结构

consider doing sth. 思索做某事

enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事

escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事

finish doing sth. 完成做某事

give up doing sth. 放弃做某事

imagine doing sth. 想象做某事

mind doing sth. 介意做某事

practice doing sth. 练习做某事

prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事

put off doing sth. 推延做某事

risk doing sth. 冒险做某事

forbid doing sth. 制止做某事

forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事

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3. 既 +to 又 +ing

remember to do sth.  记住去做某事，表示这件事情还没有做

remember doing sth. 记得做过某事

forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)

forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事。 (已做)

regret to do sth. 遗憾地（要）做某事 （还未做呢）

regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事(已经做过了）

try to do sth.  努力做谋事,尽力做某事，但不一定成功

try doing sth. 试图做谋事

stop  to  do 表示停止现在在做的事情，开始做另外一件事情

stop  doing 表示停止现在在做的事情

mean to do sth. 计划做某事

mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

can’t  help to do sth. 不能协助做某

can’t  help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

go on to do sth. 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事

go on doing sth. 继续做原来做的事

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4. do 动词原形

let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

make sth. done 使某事完成

have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

have sth done 做完某事

see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事

see sb. doing 看人某人正在做

hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事

hear sb. doing 听见某人正在做

listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事

listen sb. doing sth 听着某人正在做

look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做某事

watch sb. do sth. 察看某人做某事

feel sb. do sth. 觉得某人做某事

5. 双宾语

give sb. sth = give sth to sb. 给某人某物

tell sb. sth = tell sth to sb. 告诉某人某事

borrow sth from sb. 向某人借某物

lend sth to sb. 借某物给某人

buy sth for sb. =buy sb. sth 给某人买某物

show sb. sth=show sth to sb. 向某人展示某物

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6. be 动词结构

be at  home = stay at home 在家

be in trouble 有麻烦

be careful of 小心……

be late for 因……迟到

be free  空闲的，有空

be busy doing/with sth 忙于……

be covered with  被……复盖

be ready for  为……作好准备

be surprised (at) 对……感到惊讶

be interested in   对……感到举

be excited about 激动于

be angry with 愤怒于

be mad at 疯狂于

be friendly to 友好地去

be pleased with 很高兴做

be satisfied with 对……很满意

be famous for 因……而著名

be famous as 作为……而著名

be strict with 对……严格

be strict in 在……方面严格

be afraid of 害怕……

be afraid to do 害怕去做……

be glad to do 很高兴去做……

be good for 对……有好处

be bad for 对……有害处

be good at = do well in 擅长

be able to do 能去做……

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7. 固定搭配

have a lesson /a meeting 上课/开会

have a try  试一试

have a good time  玩得很高兴

have fun 玩得高兴

have breakfast/lunch/supper  吃早饭/午饭/晚饭

have a meal (three meals) 吃一顿饭

have a fever  发烧

have a cold 感冒

have a look (at) 看一看……

have a rest 休息一会儿

have a talk 谈话

have a walk =take a walk 散步



make friends (with) 与……交朋友

make a living 谋生

make a mistake 犯错误

make a sentence 造句

be made from/of 由……制成

be made in 在……地方制造



look after =take care of 照管，照看，

look for 寻找

look like 看上去像

look out 当心，小心

look around 朝四周看

look at 看着……



put on 穿上(衣服)，戴上(帽子)

put up 张帖

set up  竖起，建起

set off  出发，动身

set out  出发

send for  派人去请



take one's advice  听从某人劝告

take out  拿出，取出

take down  拿下

take place  发生

take the place of  代替

take it easy  别紧张

take away  拿走

take off  脱下,起飞，休假

day off / have off 休假

take photos  拍照  

take some medicine  服药



turn on  开，旋开(电灯，收音机等)

turn off  关上(电灯，收音机等)

turn down  (把音量)调低

turn up 调高

turn in 交出，上交

turn…into…  变成

turn…over  把……翻过来



at once  立刻

at last  最后

at first  起先，首先

at the age of…  在……岁时  

at the end of…  在……之末

by the end of…  到……底为止

at the beginning of…  在……之初

at night/noon  在夜里/中午

in the day 在白天



in all  总共

in fact  事实上

in one's twenties  在某人二十几岁时

in a hurry  匆忙

in time 及时

in public  公众，公开地

in order to  为了……

in front of  在……前面

in the front of 在某物内的前面

in the end  最后，终于

in turn  依次



of course  当然

from now on   从现在起

from then on  从那时起

for example  例如

far away from  远离



a piece of  一张(一片，块)

a cup of   一茶怀

a glass of   一玻璃杯

a box of   一盒

a bottle of   一瓶

a set of  一套

a group of   一队，一组，一群

a kind of  一种

all kinds of 所有种类

a type of  一种类型的

a different type of  一种不同型号的

a great deal of  非常多，大量的(不可数名词)

a large (great) number of   非常多，大量的(可数名词)

a great many  大量，许多(可数名词)

all over the world/the country  全世界/全国



day after day  日复一日

day by day 一天天

up and down  上上下下

the day after tomorrow  后天

the day before yesterday  前天

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8. 其他固定搭配

laugh at  嘲笑

be used to  doing习惯于

used to  过去常常

use sth to do sth 用某物做某事

wake…up  唤醒

work out  算出

hurry up  赶快，快点

think about   考虑……

think of 想到

be anxious about  担忧

throw away  扔掉

hear of  听说

hear from  收到……来信

instead of  代替……

with one's help  在某人的帮助下，由于

with the help of …  在……的帮助下

to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是

up and down  上上下下

just now/then  刚才/那时

late on  过后，后来

work / study hard 努力工作

come out 解出

wait for 等待

do morning exercises  做早操

do eye exercises  做眼保健操

get on/along (well) with  与……相处（融洽）