仁爱版英语八年级上册各单元必考知识点

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Unit1 Playing Sports            

Topic1  

【重点单词】1. healthy(同义词)fit(名词)health2. win(过去式)won(名词)winner           3. ski(现在分词)skiing             4. famous(比较级)more famous5. arrive(同义词)reach             6. leave(过去式))left  7. popular(最高级)most popular     
【重点短语】1. during the summer holidays在暑假期间2. between…and…在两者之间3. cheer sb. on为某人加油4. prefer doing sth.更喜欢做某事5. quite a bit/a lot很多6. plan to do sth.计划做某事7. have a skating club举办滑雪俱乐部8. go skating/skiing/bicycling/climbing/hiking去滑雪/滑冰/骑车/爬山/远足9. arrive in/at到达10. play against…与……对抗/较量11. for long很久12. leave for…动身去…13. the day after tomorrow后天14. China’s national team中国国家队15. play baseball打棒球16. at least至少17. What a shame! 多羞愧！18. be good at善于做某事19. take part in参加20. all over the world全世界21. be good for对……有益22. a good way一种好方法23. keep fit/healthy保持健康24. relax oneself放松某人自己
【重点句型】1. What’s your favorite sport? = What sport do you like best? 你最喜爱的运动是什么?2. Which sport do you prefer? = Which sport do you like better?你更喜欢什么运动?I prefer skating. = I like skating better. 我更喜欢滑雪.3. Do you skate much? = Do you often skate? 你常滑雪吗?4. She spends at least half an hour in the gym every day. 每天她至少花半小时在体育馆.5. She plays baseball pretty well and she is also good at jumping. 她棒球打得相当好而且擅长于跳.6. What kind of sports do you like? = Which sport do you like? 你喜欢哪种运动?7. Would you like to come and cheer us on? 你愿意来为我们加油吗？8. What are you going to be when you grow up? 当你长大后做什么？9. There is going to be a school sports meet next month.下月有一场运动会。

【考点详解】

1. see sb. do sth  “看见某人做了某事” 强调动作的全过程；see sb. doing sth.  “看见某人正在做某事” 强调动作正在进行。如：I saw her go across the street.  我看见她过了马路。I saw her going across the street. 我看见她正在过马路。
2. join sb. 表示 “加入某人的行列”“和某人在一起”join + 组织  表示 “加入某个组织”take part in   表示 “参加某个活动”如：Will you join us?I will join the skiing club.She is planning to take part in the high jump.
3. arrive in + 大地点arrive at + 小地点get to + 地点 = reach + 地点如：My uncle arrived in Beijing yesterday.I arrived at the Great Wall. = I got to the Great Wall. = I reached the Great Wall.注意：reach here/there/home = get here/there/home = arrive here/there/home
4. leave… 离开……leave for… 动身去…/离开到…如：They are leaving Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们要离开北京。They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 后天他们要前往日本。
5. a few“几个，一些” 修饰可数名词a little“一点点” 修饰不数名词如：There are a few eggs in the basket.There is a little water in the bottle.
6. how long  表示“多久(时间)”; 提问时间段.how often  表示 “多常; 多久一次”; 提问时间的频率.如: They will stay in Beijing for a week. → How long will they stay in Beijing?He plays basketball twice a week. →  How often does he play basketball?
7. be good at (doing) sth. = do well in (doing) sth. 擅长于(做)某事 如：She is good at (playing) baseball. = She does well in (playing) baseball.
8. make sth/sb + adj.  使某物(某人)在某种状态keep …sth/sb + adj.  保持某物(某人)在某种状态如：Playing soccer can make your body strong.Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy.
【重点语法】【一般将来时】1. be going to 结构① 表示主语计划、打算做某事。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思，因此通常认为用be going to表达的行动很可能会见诸实践。I’m going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday.我打算本周日和同学们一起打篮球。She is going to buy a sweater for her mother.她打算为她妈妈买一件毛衣。
②表预测，指根据迹象推测，而且马上或很快就要发生。Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain.瞧那些乌云！快要下雨了！
2. will + 动词原形表示单纯的将来事实，常与表将来的时间状语如:tomorrow, soon, later, next time(week/month/year…)等连用。will not = won’t; 缩略形式为’ll.
① 表示作出立即的决定。这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或计划，是临时的一种决定。---Please put your things away, Tom. 汤姆，把你的东西收拾好。---I’m sorry. I’ll do it right away. 对不起。我马上就去做。
② 表示预测。指说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测。I’m sure our team will win next time. 我确信下次我们队会赢。Maybe she will go to the gym. 也许她会去体育馆。
③ 表示许诺。I’ll do better next time. 下次我会做得更好的。I’ll visit you tomorrow. 明天我会去看你的。
句式：肯定句：I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon.否定句：I/She/He/They won’t go to play baseball soon.一般疑问句：Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon?回答：Yes, I/she/he/they will.   No, I/she /he/they won’t.
3. 动词plan, come, go, leave等瞬时动词用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。
I’m coming. 我就来。He is leaving for Shanghai. 他将到上海去。We are going to Beijing. 我们将去北京。
Topic2 【重点单词】1. 词形转换(1) adj. + ly → adv.loud → loudly  soft → softly  quiet → quietlyclear → clearly angry → angrily  easy → easily
(2)过去式fall → fell  break → broke lose →lost  throw → threw  feel → felt  (3)  ill (同义词)sick (名词)illness       start(同义词)begin  far(反义词)near                 smoke(现在分词)smokingcareless(反义词)careful    important(比较级) more important                  enjoy(现在分词)enjoying  invent(名词)invention; inventor     indoor(反义词)outdoor   century(复数)centuries           coach(复数)coaches  feel (名词)feeling          tiring(近义词)tired
【重点短语】1. have a soccer game 进行一场足球赛2. fall ill 病倒了3. be a little far from… 离……有点远    4. right away = at once 立刻;马上5. miss a good chance 错过一个好机会6. get/miss a goal 得到/失去一分7. shame on sb. 为某人感到羞耻8. do one’s best 尽某人的力9. say sorry to sb. 对某人说抱歉10. be sure to do sth. 确定做某事11. be angry with… 生某人的气12. with>13. serve food 上菜14. turn up/down… 调高/低（音量）15. keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事16. in a minute 一分钟后；马上17.on the phone 在电话中18. take a seat 就坐19. never mind 不要紧20. a lot of traveling 一系列旅行21. love/enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事22. have a very exciting life 过着非常兴奋的生活23. as well 也24. throw…into… 把……投进……25. follow/obey the rules 遵守规则26. over a century later 一个多世纪后27. more and more people 越来越多的人28. feel tired 感到疲劳29. instead of… 替代……  30. ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事31. make a plan for sb. 为某人订一份计划32. build up 增进;增强33. have fun doing sth. 乐于做…..做某事       34. be important to  对于......来说是重要35. in a minute/ at once/ right away 立刻/马上
【重点句型】1. Could you please do me a favor? = Could you help me? = Could you give me a hand? 你能帮我吗？2. Would you mind teaching me? = Would you please teach me? 你教我好吗？3. Would you mind not smoking here? 你不要在这里抽烟好吗？4. You are always so careless. 你总是这样粗心大意.5. I’m very sorry for what I said. 我为所说感到到道歉。6. We are sure to win next time 下次，我们一定回赢。7. Let me buy you a new one. = Let me buy a new one for you. 让我为你买一个新的。8. He invented an indoor game for his students so that they could play it even in bad weather. 他为他的学生们发明了一项室内运动以便他们甚至在恶劣的天气也能玩。9. And you can throw it with one hand or both hands.你能用一只手或两只手投掷它。10. I have great fun running and I feel well and look fit .我总是快乐地跑步和我感到很好，看上去很健康。
【考点详解】1. ill 与 sick 都表示 “生病的”, ill只能作表语，而sick既可作表语也可作定语。The man is ill/sick. 那个男人病了. (作表语)He is a sick man. 他是个病人. (作定语)
2. Would you mind (not) doing sth? 表示“(不)做某事介意/好吗?”Would you mind coming and checking it? 来修理它好吗?Would you mind not smoking here? 不要在这儿吸烟好/介意吗?
3. One of my teammates is strong and tall.  其中我的一个队友又高又壮。
4. miss 错过，思念，遗失I missed the last bus yesterday. 昨天我错过最后一班车.He missed his mother. 他想念他的母亲.My God! I missed(=lost) my key. 天啊! 我把钥匙弄丢了.
5. be sure to do sth. = be sure that + 句子  “确定做某事”We are sure to win next time. = We are sure that we will win next time.我们确信下次一定会赢。
6. be sorry for… “为某事抱歉”be sorry to do sth. = be sorry (that) + 句子 “很抱歉做了某事”I am very sorry for what I said. 我为我所说的话感到抱歉。I’m sorry I lost your book. = I’m sorry to lose your book. 很抱歉弄丢你的书。
7. tired  adj. “（感到）疲惫的” , 主语是人。   如：I feel tired today. 今天我感到累了.tiring  adj. “令人疲劳的”, 主语是事物    如：This job is tiring. 这份工作令人疲惫.类似的有: excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的   interested 感到有趣的  interesting 有趣的
8. 15-year-old  “15岁的”；15 years old  “15岁”  如：He is a 15-year-old boy. = The boy is 15 years old.
9. instead “替代，相反”, 一般单独使用，放在句末，前面用逗号隔开。
instead of…“替代……;而不是……”I won’t go to Shanghai. I’ll go to Beijing, instead. 我不会去上海而会去北京。= I’ll go to Beijing instead of Shanghai.I drank a lot of milk instead of water. 我喝了许多牛奶而不是水。
10. have fun doing sth. = enjoy doing sth.  表示 “从做…….中获得乐趣”如：I have great fun running. = I enjoy running.我总能在跑步中得到很大乐趣。
【交际用语】1. 请求和回答

Requests(请求)	Responses（回答）
Could you please do me a favor?	Sure. What is it?
Will you join us?	I’d be glad to.
Would you mind teaching me?	Not at all. Let’s go and practice.

2. 道歉和回答

Apologies（道歉）	Responses（回答）
I’m sorry I didn’t call you last night.	Never mind. I guess you were busy last night.
I’m sorry I’m late for class.	That’s OK. Please take a seat.
I’m sorry I lost your book.	It doesn’t matter. That book isn’t important to me.
I’m sorry I broke your pen.	Don’t worry. I have another pen.

Topic3
【重点短语】1. join the English club 加入英语俱乐部2. host the 2008 Olympics 举办2008年奥运会3. fill out  填出/填好4. go on  发生，进行5. all the interesting places  所有有趣的地方6. quite a lot  相当多7. make friends with… 与……交朋友8. be afraid of 恐怕9. be free 有空10. see you then 再见11. win the first gold medal 赢得第一枚金牌12. get 28 gold medals 获得28枚金牌13. the winner of the first gold medal 第一枚金牌的获胜者14. every four years 每四年，每隔三年15. the mascot for the Beijing Olympics 北京奥运会的吉祥物16. behave well 举止得体17. improve the environment 改善环境18. plant trees and grass 种植花草树木19. a symbol of… 一种……的象征20. stand for 代表21. the five parts of the world 世界的五大部分22. do morning exercises 做早操23. be fond of (doing) sth. 喜欢(做)某事
【重点句型】1. Could you tell me your name? 你能告诉我你的名字吗?= What’s your name?2. What do you do? = What’s your job? = What are you? 你是干什么的?3. Beijing will host the 2008 Olympics. 北京将主办2008年奥运会。4. More and more foreign friends ride in my taxi (= take my taxi) now. 现在越来越多的外国朋友搭我的出租车.5. Speaking English will help me a lot. 说英语将对我有很大帮助。6. Please fill it out. 请把它填好.7. What will the weather be like this weekend? = How will the weather be this weekend? 本周末的天气怎样?8. There will be more roads in Beijing. 在北京将会有更多的马路.9. When shall we meet? 我们什么时候见面？10. Let’s make it half past six. 咱们把时间定在六点半吧。
【考点详解】1. fill out + 名词 “填好……”fill + 名词/代词+out如：Please fill out this form. = Please fill this form out. 请填好这张表格。Please fill it/them out. (当宾语是代词时, 只能放中间) 请把它(们)填好。
2. be afraid…“恐怕” 指有礼貌地、委婉地拒绝别人. be afraid of…“害怕(做)……”如：I’m afraid I won’t be free.  我恐怕没有空。He is afraid of dogs. 他害怕狗。They are afraid of losing the game. 他们害怕输了比赛.
3. may be“可能是……”  may是情态动词maybe“或许; 可能”  maybe是副词如：He may be a teacher. = Maybe he is a teacher. 他可能是一名老师。He may know her name. = Maybe he knows her name. 他可能知道她的名字。
4. between  在两者之间among 在三者或三者以上当中如：The answer is between A and B. 答案在A和B 之间。The winner is among of us. 获胜者在我们当中。
5. There be 句型的一般将来时正：There will be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.= There is going to be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.误：There will have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.= There is going to have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.
【交际用语】提建议的句型：Would you like to go hiking with us? 你想和我们一起去远足吗?What/How about going hiking with us? 和我们一起去远足怎么样?Why don’t you go hiking with us? 你为什么不和我们一起去远足呢?Why not go hiking with us? 为什么不和我们一起去远足呢?Let’s go hiking. 让我们一起去远足吧!Would you mind going hiking with us? 你介意和我们一起去远足吗?Would you please go hiking with us?  和我们一起去远足好吗?

Unit2 Keeping healthy

Topic1

【重点短语】1. have a cold/a toothache /a fever/a cough/a backache/a stomachache/a sore throat /the flu /sore eyes感冒/牙疼/发烧/咳嗽/背疼胃疼/咽喉发炎/流感/眼疼2. take a rest=have a rest  休息3. not read for too long  不要看书太久4. boiled water  开水5. stay in bed  卧病在床，躺在床上6. have a good sleep  好好睡一觉7. feel terrible  感觉难受8. day and night  日日夜夜9. You'd better=You had better  你最好…10. not so well  很不好11. not too bad  没什么大碍12. much better  好多了13. go to see a doctor  去看病14. take/have some medicine  吃药15. take…to…  把…带到…16. send-…to…  把…送到…17. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶18. lie down  躺下19. look after=take care of  照看，照顾20. brush teeth  刷牙21. have an accident  发生一次意外/事故22. don't worry  别担心23. worry about  担心24. nothing serious  没什么严重，没什么大碍25. check over  诊断，仔细检查26. thank you for 因…而感谢你27. buy…for… 为…买…28. not…-until… 直到…才…29. ice cream  冰淇淋30. both…and…  ...和…都是......31. take some cold pills  吃感冒药32. plenty of  许多，大量
【重点句型】1. What's wrong with you/him/her?你/他/她怎么了？=What's the matter with......?=What's the trouble with......?
2. You should see a dentist. 你应该去看牙医。这是一种表达建议的句子。还可以用以下句式： you'd better(not)...how/what about...why not/don't you...
3. I'm sorry to hear that. 听到这个消息我很难过。（这是表示同情别人的句子。）
4. You look pale. 你看起来很苍白。（1）在英语中表示气色不好，苍白，用pale（2）“look ”在这里译作“看起来”，作连系动词，后接形容词。与look用法相同的连系动词还有 tast ，sound ，smell ，feel 。如：The soup tastes very delicious. 这汤尝起来真香。Your voice sound nice. 你的声音听起来很动人。The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。The silk feels smooth 丝绸摸起来很光滑。
5.---Shall I take you to the hospital? 我送你去医院吧？---No,thank you. 不用，谢谢。
6. I'll take some medicine and see how it goes. 我打算先吃药看看情况再说。“goes”在这里指事情的进展。“it ”用来代指病情。如：How is everything going? 一切进展如何？Everything is going well. 一切进展顺利。
7. You'd better drink hot tea with honey. 你最好喝加蜂蜜的热茶。tea with honey 加了蜂蜜的茶，with表示一种伴随状态。类似的表达还有：some coffee with sugar and milk 加了牛奶和糖的咖啡some tea without sugar 不加糖的茶
8. Michael had an accident yesterday. 昨天迈克发生了事故。had an accident 发生了事故
9. But my left leg still hurts when I move it. 可是当我挪动脚时，还是有点儿疼。句中“hurt”译为“疼痛”，作不及物动词。后不可接宾语。
10. Your X-rays show it's nothing serious. 你的X光照片显示没什么严重的问题。nothing serious 没什么严重的nothing ，something ，anything等不定代词，被形容词修饰时，形容词位于其后。
11. Stay in bed and don't move your leg too much. 躺在床上，不要总是挪动你的腿。
12. Michael's friends bought some chocolate for him . 迈克的朋友给他买了一些巧克力。buy sth for sb. 双宾语的运用。使用双宾语时，在人宾前需要使用介词，有时用“to”有时用“for ”，这与动词本身有关，表示动词的方向，多用“to”，表示动词的目的，多用“ for ”give sth to sb.     pass sth to sb.bring sth to sb.   take sth to sb.cook sth for sb.   buy sth for to sb .
13. ...but I couldn't read them until today. 但是直到今天我才读了它们。not...until... 直到......才...... until 在肯定句动词一般用延续性动词，在否定句中动词一般为短暂性动词。如：He will wait for his father until ten o'clock.他将等他父亲一直到10点钟。He won't leave until his father comes. 他直到他父亲回来才离开。
【重点语法】1. had better 的形式和用法1） 固定短语had better具有情态意义，也可以看作情态动词。译为“最好”，它只有一种形式，没有人称和数的变化，后常跟动词原形，是给人提出建议的一种方式。如：You had better go to see the doctor. 你最好去看医生。You'd better eat a lot of fruit and drink plenty of water. 你最好多吃水果，多喝水。
2）Had  better的否定结构为 had better not。如：You'd  better not eat hot food. 你最好别吃辛辣的食物。You'd  better not work today. 你今天最好别工作。
2. shall的用法1） 作助动词时，英式英语中表示将来，可与第一人称连用，但在口语中所有人称都用will。如：I shall/will be in New York this time next week .下周这个时候我就在纽约了。注意：美语则不管什么人称，一律用will。
2）作情态动词时表征询意见，用于第一人称的疑问句中。如：Shall I take you to the hospital? 要不要我带你去医院？What shall we do this weekend? 这个周末我们要作什么呢？
Topic2 I must ask him to give up smoking.
【重点短语】1. stay up late 熬夜2. be bad for 对......有害3. be good for 对......有益4. too much 太多，过分5. do morning exercises 做早操6. keep long fingernails 留长指甲7. play sports right 进行适当的体育锻炼8. go to school without breakfast 不吃早餐去上学9. have a bath 洗澡10. take a fresh breath 呼吸新鲜空气11. read ...about... 读关于......12. Ren'ai English Post 仁爱英语报13. ask sb to do 叫某人做某事14. give up 放弃15. read in the sun 在太阳底下看书16. throw litter about 乱扔垃圾17.on the lawn 在草坪上18. put...into... 把......放进......19. exercise on an empty stomach 空腹锻炼20. get into 进入21. keep the air clean and fresh 保持空气清新22. wash hands before meals 饭前洗手23. potato chips 炸薯条
【重点句型】1. Staying up late is bad for your health. 熬夜有害健康。1） stay up late 熬夜2） be bad for 对......有害。类似的短语还有：be good for 对......有好处3） staying up late is... 动名词作主语。当我们需要一个动词充当主语时，常用此动词的动名词（即doing）形式。如：Playing basketball is good for your heath. 打篮球对你的身体有好处。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 躺在床上看书对眼睛有害。Swimming is my hobby. 游泳是我的爱好。
2. It will keep you active during the day. 它会使你在白天保持活力。keep sth/sb .+adj. 保持某物/某人在某种状态。如：keep your fingersails clean 保持你的指甲干净。keep our streets clean 让街道保持干净。
3. Different foods help us in different ways. 不同的食物对我们有不同的作用.in different ways译为“用不同的方式”。
4. If we eat too littele or too much food...如果我们吃太少或太多食物......little 少得几乎没有，表否定，修饰不可数名词。a little 有一些，表示肯定，修饰不可数名词。与 little ，a little类似的用法的还有 few， a few 。few少得几乎没有，表否定，修饰可数名词。  a few有一些，表示肯定，修饰可数名词。
5. Walking is good exercise and it is necessary for good health. 散步是很好的锻炼，它是身体健康必不可少的。be  necessary for 对......来说是必不可少的  如：Sunshine is necessary for our life. 阳光对于我们的生活来说是必不可少的。Food is necessary for life. 食物是生命所必需的。
【重点语法】1. 情态动词must及其否定形式 must notmust 译为“必须做......”其否定意义“不必做......”，用don't have to/needn't/don't need to表示，而不用must not 。如：——Must Ifinish it tonight?——No, you don't have to.must not 译作“禁止做......”。如：You must not throw litter about.=Don't throw litter about.别到处乱扔垃圾。
2. 情态动词may①表示请求允许，译作“可以”。如：May I come in? 我可以进来吗？②表示推测，译作“可能”。如：You may get a headache when you work too hard. 当你工作太累时你可能回感到头疼。You may get a headache when you can't get enough sleep. 当你睡眠不足时，你可能会头疼。
Topic3 Must we exercise to prevent the flu?
【重点短语】1. hurry up 快点，赶快2. go ahead（尤指经某人允许）开始，干下去，走在前面，领先3. do more exercise 多锻炼4. do some cleaning 做扫除5. all the time 一直6. have to 不得不，必须7. keep away 远离...8. just a moment 稍等一会儿9. get through 拨通（电话）；通过10. take care of 照顾11. care for 照顾（病人）；照料；喜欢12. talk with 和...交谈13. enjoy oneself 过得愉快14. Chinese medicine 中药15. since then 从那时起16. get lost 丢失了，迷路17.on one's way to... 在某人去...的路上18. by mistake 错误地19. ask for leave 请假20. healthy food 健康食物21. crowded places 拥挤的地方22. do one`s best 尽力23. change clothes often 常换衣服24. wash hands often 常洗手25. ring...up 打电话给...26. leave a message 留口信27. take a message 带口信28. call...back 给...回电话29. take an active part in 积极参加30. the name of...  ...的名称31. what do you think of...? 你认为...怎么样？32. have a good time=enjoy33. next time 下次34. let...out 让 ...出去35. teach oneself on the Internet 网上自学36. be afraid of 害怕...，恐惧...
【重点句型】1. Sure, go ahead. 当然可以，请问吧！ahead 意思是向前，这里的go ahead原意为向前走，在这里译作继续问问题，相当于go on。

2. Please tell my father to take care of himself. 请告诉我爸爸照顾好自己。take care of  照顾，照料。同义词：look aftertell sb to do sth/ask sb to do sth/want sb to do sth/get sb to do sth 表示让某人去做某时事
3. Can I take a message? 我能为您捎个口信吗？take a message 捎口信    leave a message 留口信give a message to... 给某人一个口信
4. I'll tell her when she comes back. 她一回来我就告诉她。本句是由when引导的时间状语从句。当主句的动词用一般将来时时，从句一般用现在时。如： He'll phoneme when he arrives in Beijing .当他到北京时，他将回给我打电话。
5. ..., he took an active part in the battle against it. 他积极投身于抗击“非典”的战斗中。against 与......相对抗take part in... 参加......；加入到某种活动中take an active part in... 积极参加......，如：You should take an active part in the sports meet in your school.你应该积极参加你们学校的运动会。
6. He cared for the patients. 他日夜关心着病人。care for sb. 关心某人
7. It's my duty to save the patients. 救治病人是我的职责。It's...to do...  做某事是......，在此句式中，“to do...”是真正的主语，而“it ”是形式主语，类似的句式有：It's dangerous to climb the tree. 爬树很危险。
8. Long time no see. 好久没见！这是一句常用口语，在久别重逢的朋友之间，还可以说：“Haven't seen you for a long time！”。
9. I tought myself on the Internet. 我在网上自学。1） on the Internet 在网络上。介词on用来表示在网上、电视上、收音机里、电话里。2） on the phone， on the radio ，on tv3）teach oneself 自学，近义词组为：learn by oneself
10. How often does Mr Brown exercise? 布朗先生多长时间锻炼一次？how often 对频率提问，回答用>exercise在这里为动词，意思是“锻炼，运动”。
【重点语法】1. 反身代词的形式 单数               复数myself           ourselvesyourself         yourselveshimself          themselvesherself          themselvesitself           themselves
2. 反身代词的用法1）“by+反身代词”表示“单独地，独自一人地”。如：The boy couldn't make the model plane by himself. 那个男孩不能独自制作飞机模型。2）反身代词常与一些动词连用。如：“teach+反身代词”表示“自学”；“ hurt+反身代词”表示“伤到自己”。如：Jane teaches herself English. 简自学英语。Lily fell down and hurt herself yesterday. 昨天莉莉自己摔伤了。注：反身代词与个别动词搭配使用，意思发生变化。如：“help +反身代词+to...”表示“随便吃...”；“ enjoy+反身代词”表示“...玩得开心”。Help yourself to some strawberries,please. 请随便吃些草莓。They enjoyed themselves at the party last night. 昨晚在晚会上他们玩得很开心。3）反身代词作名词或代词的同位语时，起加强语气的作用，可译为“亲自，本人”。如：You'd better ask your teacher about it yourself. 你最好亲自去问你的老师。

Unit3 Our Hobbies

Topi1

【重点短语】1. such as 例如   2. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
3. take a bath  洗澡     4. be interested in  对……感兴趣5. go dancing  去跳舞      6. go boating  去划船     7. play volleyball  打排球  8. collecting stamps 集邮           9. collecting coins 收藏硬币
10. listening to pop music 听流行音乐           11. listening to classical music 听古典音乐
12. listening to symphony 听交响乐             13. walking in the countryside 在乡间散步

【重点句型】1. Wow! So many stamps! 哇，那么多的邮票！    2. We can learn a lot about people, places, history, and special times from stamps. 通过这些邮票我们可以学到许多关于人文、地理、历史和特殊时代的知识。3. Would you like to collect any of these things? 你想集下面这些东西吗?
4. What things do you love collecting? 你喜欢集什么东西？
5. I am interested in playing sports. 我对运动感兴趣。
6. What do you often do in your spare time? 在你的业余时间里面你都做些什么啊？
7. I often go fishing. 我经常去钓鱼。8. And I do a lot of reading. 我通常都是阅读一些书籍。
9. I' m a movie fan. 我是一个电影迷。
10．I also rent VCDs and watch them at home. 我也租一些VCD在家看。
11. Why not go out and do some outdoor activities? 为什么不走出去做一些户外运动呢？
12. Maybe I need a change. 或许我需要改变。
13. My interests are changing all the time. 我的兴趣爱好总是在不断地改变。
14. And I wasn' t interested in sports at all. 我对运动一点兴趣都没有。
15. But now, my hobbies are sports, like soccer and swimming. 但是现在我的爱好是体育，比如足球和游泳。
16. I never miss any important soccer games. 我从未错过任何一场重要的足球比赛。
17. I used to know little about paintings. 我过去不太懂绘画。
18. I enjoy listening to rock music. 我喜欢听摇滚音乐。
19.Did you use to go swimming during summer vacations? 在暑假里，你过去经常去游泳么？
20. I used to do that in the pond in front of my house. 我过去常在我家门前的池塘里游泳。
21. Nobody. I taught myself. 没有任何人，我自学的。
22. When they are free, people usually do what they like. 当人们空闲的时候，他们总是做一些自己喜欢的事情。
23. They also paint pictures or collect things such as coins, dolls or stamps. 他们也绘画或者收集一些东西，例如硬币、娃娃或邮票。
24. When people become old, hobbies can keep them healthy. When people are sick, hobbies can help them get well sooner.
当人们变老的时候，爱好可以帮助他们保持健康。当人们身体虚弱的时候，爱好还可以帮助他们尽快地康复。
25. I call him Pink pig. The color of his skin is light pink. 我叫他粉色，因为他的皮肤是淡粉色的。
26. Pink likes to have a bath. Pink喜欢洗澡。
27. How do you take care of them? 你怎样照顾它们？

【重点语法】1. I used to listen to rock music but now I collect telephone cards and paintings. 我过去常听摇滚乐，可现在我集电话卡和画。used to do sth. 这一结构表示过去的习惯（过去经常反复发生的动作）或状态（暗含的意思是现在已不复存在），用于所有人称。
used to的否定形式为：used not to do或didn’t use to do。疑问句为Used you to... ? 或 Did you use to...? 如：
1) I used to go to school on foot. 我过去步行上学。（暗含的意思是：我现在不再步行上学了。）
2) Mary used to sleep late.
玛莉过去总是很晚才睡觉。（暗含的意思是：玛莉现在睡觉不再那么晚了。）
3) He used not to like Peking opera, but now he’s very fond of it. 他过去不喜欢京剧，但现在非常喜欢。
现在大多数人在口语中或不太正式的书面语中对否定句和疑问句常使用与do 连用的形式。例如：1) I didn’t use to like skating, but now I like it very much. 我过去不喜欢滑冰，但现在很喜欢。
2) Did you use to go there? 你以往常去哪儿？
3) There used to be a theatre here, didn’t there? 以前这里有一座剧院，是不是？
另外，注意be used to doing sth.、used to do sth.和be used to do sth.的区别：be used to doing sth “习惯于……”如：
1) He is used to working hard. 他习惯于努力地工作。2) I’m used to doing jogging in the morning now. 我习惯于早上慢跑。3) He used to bring me roses when he came to see me. 过去他来看我时，常带玫瑰花。

be used to do sth.“某物被用来做某事”。如：
1) Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来生产纸张。
2) Computers can be used to do a lot of work now. 如今电脑可用来做许多事。
2. Collecting stamps must be great fun! 集邮肯定很有趣！must在这里是情态动词，表示推测，可以翻译为“一定，肯定”。如：
1) Your brother must be in the school. I saw him just now.
你的哥哥想必在学校。我刚才看见他了。
2) Your friend must have left for Nanjing yesterday.
你的朋友昨天一定已经离开去南京了。
3) She thought that her present must be in the box. 她以为礼物一定是在盒子里。

情态动词must的三种否定形式：
must表示“必须”时，其否定回答为don’t have to/needn't/don't need to，意思为“不需要”。如：
---Must I pay back the money right now? 我必须现在偿还这笔钱吗？---No, you don’t have to. 不，你不需要现在还。
must表示“推测”时，其否定形式为can’t，意思为“不可能”。如：
1) I’ve seen what she is talking about, so she can’t be telling lies.
我目睹了她所说的事情，因此，她不可能在说谎。
2) Yesterday I received a letter from him, so he can’t be here. 昨天我收到了他的信，所以说他不可能在这儿。
而mustn't的意思为“绝对不可，不许，禁止”。如：
1) You mustn't smoke in the hospital.你绝对不可以在医院里吸烟。
2）You mustn't cross the road when the traffic lights are red.
交通灯是红色时，你千万不能过马路。

3. He doesn’t mind whether they’re good or not. 他并不介意它们是否是好的。此句为以whether引导的宾语从句。whether...or not“不论是否……”。如：
You have to get up early everyday whether it rains or not.
你必须天天早点起床，不论是否下雨。

if与whether的区别：二者在引导宾语从句时一般可换用。如：
1) I want to know if / whether it is going to rain tomorrow. 我想知道明天是否下雨。
2) He asked me if / whether Li Ping was at home. 他问我李平是否在家。
3) He didn’t understand if / whether the stranger told a lie. 他不明白那个陌生人是否说的是假话。
但下列几种情况不能换用。
1) whether 后可紧接or not，而if一般不能。
Let me know whether or not you can come. 你能来还是不能来，请告诉我一声。
2) 不定式前用whether，不用if。如：
I haven’t decided whether to go to the cinema or to stay at home. 我还没有决定是看电影还是留在家里。3) 介词后可用whether，不用if。如：
I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home. 我是否回家还没有定。
Topic2
【重点短语】1.continue doing sth. 继续做某事       2.be born 出生       3.set up  建立4.classical music 古典音乐      f5.olk songs 民歌        6.stage name 艺名7.everyday life 日常生活   8.be famous for 因……而著名    9.look for  寻找
【重点句型】1. And it sounds great! 听起来好极了。
2. What kind of musical instrument can you play? 你会弹什么种类的乐器？
3. We have guitar, violin, piano and drum lessons for just ￥240 each. 我们有吉他课、小提琴课、钢琴课、和打鼓课，每个课程仅需要240元。
4. What do you do in your free time? 你在闲暇之际干些什么？5. Classical music is serious music. 古典音乐是一种很严肃的音乐。
6. Pop music often comes and goes easily. 流行音乐来得快去得也快。
7. They are very popular among young people. 它们在年轻人当中很流行。
8. Guo Lanying, Song Zuying and Tenger are famous for their folk songs. 郭兰英，宋祖英和腾格尔以（唱）民歌而出名。
9. It is one of the most famous rock bands in the world. 它是世界上最著名的摇滚乐队之一。10. In the fall of 1976, a 14-year-old high school student, Larry Mullen, looked for some musicians. 在1976年的秋天，一个14岁的中学生，Larry Mullen寻找一些音乐家。
11. He wanted to form a band. 他想组建一个乐队。
12. He found 3 boys and they set up a band. 他找到了3个男孩，他们组成了一个乐队。
13. The four members are still close friends after many years. 多年后，4位成员仍然是好朋友。
14. They continue making music. 他们继续创作音乐。
15. And people all over the world still enjoy their music very much. 全世界的人们仍然非常喜欢他们的音乐。
16. When he was eight, his father asked a music teacher to teach him to play the piano. 当他八岁的时候，他的父亲请了一位老师来教授他如何弹奏钢琴。17. He says violin music is his favorite and it makes him happy.
他说小提琴是他的最爱，使他很快乐。

【重点语法】1. What a pity! 真遗憾！这是一个由what引导的感叹句。what引导感叹句的基本构成为：
what + a / an +（形容词）+可数名词单数+主语+谓语/系动词！
what +（形容词）+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语/系动词！如：
1) What a stupid question! 多么愚蠢的问题啊！
2) What lively boys they are! 多么活泼的男孩子们啊！
2. What are you going to do this Sunday evening? 这周日晚上你想干什么？“be going to” 是一般将来时的一种表达方法，它表示：1) 现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，如: Tom is going to Beijing with his father next week.2) 说话人根据已有的迹象认为可能要发生某事，如:  There are a lot of dark clouds. It’s going to rain.
“be going to”句式的基本结构：肯定句：主语+be going to …       eg. He is going to stay at school.否定句：主语+be + not +going to…  eg. I’m not going to the library this afternoon.一般疑问句：Be +主语+going to…  eg. Are you going to play tennis next week?
be going to 用于there be 结构时要用There is/am/are going to be + 主语+其它形式
如: There is going to be a football game tomorrow.
与be going to 连用的时间状语有：next week/month/year, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, this evening, in the future等.            Topic3
【重点短语】1.agree with sb. 与某人看法一致  
2.take a shower 洗澡      3.answer the phone 接电话     4.do some cleaning 打扫卫生5.knock at 敲           6.too…to 太…..以至于不能......          7.talk about 谈论关于......的事情
【重点句型】1. I called you but nobody answered the phone. 我给你打电话了，但是没有人接。
2. Oh, I was taking a shower.  我在淋浴。
3. Yeah, I think so. 是，我也这样认为。
4. And I also like the young man with light hair. 我也喜欢那个留着浅色头发的年轻人。
5. He is so handsome! 他非常帅！
6. I agree with you. 我同意你的意见。
7. You look very sad. 你看起来很伤心。
8. There’s nothing serious. 没什么严重的事。
9. Well, Miss Wang was angry with me. 王老师生我的气了。
10. In the early 1800s, Sunday was the “holy day". 在19世纪早期，星期日的含义就是“神圣的一天”。
11. In the US, workers called them“blue Mondays". 在美国，工人们把它们叫做“蓝色星期一”。
12. Then decide how you are going to spend your weekend. 然后决定你的周末怎么过。
13. Did you have a good time? 你们玩得高兴吗？

【重点语法】I was doing some washing. I was doing some cleaning.
我在洗衣服。 我在打扫卫生。这句用的是过去进行时.
1. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作，也表示过去一段时间内的活动或那个阶段正在进行的动作，如： He were watching TV at 8:00 last night. They were writing a book last month.
2. 过去进行时由be (was/were)+动词ing 形式构成的肯定句：主语+was/were +doing +…否定句：主语+wasn’t/weren’t +doing +…一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+doing+…肯定回答：Yes, 主语+was/were.否定回答：No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t.They were studying English at this tine yesterday.They weren’t studying English at this time yesterday.Were they studying English at this time yesterday?Yes, they were. /  No, they weren’t.

Unit 4 Our World

Topic1

【重点短语】1. share…with 与……共享......2. play with 玩弄，玩耍3. in danger 在危险之中4.  feed on 以……为食5. think about 考虑，思考6. enjoy nature 享受自然7. at night 在晚上8. in the daytime 白天9. summer vacation 暑假10. thousands of 成千上万11. in fact 事实上12. find out 查明，发现13. in nature 在自然界
【重点句型】1. Plants are more beautiful than animals. 植物比动物更漂亮。2. The plants stay green longer there. 那儿的植物能更长时间保持绿色。3. The rainforests are very important to us. 雨林对我们很重要。4. Water is necessary for all plants. It is the most important thing to all living things, we must save every drop of water. 水对所有植物是必需的。它对所有生物都重要，我们必须节约每一滴水。5. Isn’t it interesting? 是不是很有趣呀？6. It is one of the most dangerous fish in the world. 它是世界上最危险的鱼之一。7. It is so strange! 太奇怪了！
【重点语法】一. 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成1. 规则变化：（1）一般在词尾加—er或—est，如：fresh—fresher—freshest（2）以字母e结尾的形容词，加r或st，如：late—later—latest（3）以重读闭音节结尾的词，词尾只有一个辅音字母时，应双写这一辅音字母，再加er或est，如：big—bigger—biggest（4）以辅音字母＋y结尾的双音节词，先改y为i，再加er 或est，如：happy—happier—happiest（5）部分双音节词和多音节词前面加more或most构成比较级或最高级。如：careful—more careful—most careful；beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful
2. 不规则变化：good/well—better—bestlittle—less—leastmany/much—more—mostbad/ill—worse—worstfar—farther/further—farthest/furthest
二. 形容词的比较级和最高级的用法1. 两者比较用比较级，经常与than搭配，可用much和a little修饰。I’m happier than you. 我比你更快乐。Plants are much more beautiful than animals. 植物比动物漂亮的多。
2. 三者或三者以上比较用最高级，一般给出比较范围，如：of（in）＋…。The boy is the tallest in my class. 这个男孩是我们班最高的。Lesson Two is the most important of all. 第二课是所有中最重要的。　　　　
Topic2
【重点短语】1. take the place of 代替，取代2. instead of 代替，而不是……3. mistake…for… 把……错当4. seem to do 好象，似乎5. call for 要求6. wake sb. up 将某人叫醒7. see sb.doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事8. use sth. for sth./doing sth. 利用某物做某事9. spend…on… 在……上花费时间或金钱10. be sure of 确信11. these days 现在，目前12. in alphabetical order 按字母表顺序排列13. look up 查阅14. pay attention to 注意，专心15. begin with 以……开始16. and son on 等等17. switch on 开（电灯，机器等）18. ask （sb.）for sth. 向……要……
【重点句型】1. I’m sure robots can do some work better than humans. 我确信机器人比人能更好地做某些工作。2. I saw a UFO while I was walking down the street yesterday. 昨天我沿着街道走时，看见了一个不明飞行物。3. It looked like a plate. 它看上去像一个盘子。4. Until now, even the scientists are not sure whether there are UFO. 直到现在，甚至科学家也不确定是否有不明飞行物。5. We can shop without going out of our houses. 我们不出家门就能购物。6. We can use the Internet for finding a job. 我们可以用网络来找工作。7. We shouldn’t spend too much time>8. When you look up a word in the dictionary, pay attention to the first letter of the word. 当你在字典里查一个单词的时候，注意这个单词的第一个字母。
【重点语法】现在进行时与过去进行时的区别
1. 现在进行时表示现在正在发生或正在做的事情，基本结构is/am/are＋现在分词doing，如：肯定句：The robots are making a car now. 这些机器人正在生产小汽车。否定句：We are not studying>疑问句：Is the teacher looking up the word in the dictionary？这个老师正在词典中查这个词吗？特殊疑问句：Ｗho are you talking to？你在和谁谈话？　
2. 过去进行时表示过去某一时间，正在发生或正在做的事情。基本结构was（were）＋现在分词doing，如：肯定句：Ｗhen he came in, I was writing a letter. 当他进来时，我在写一封信。否定句：They weren’t watching TV while she was reading. 她读书时，他们没在看电视。疑问句：Was the UFO flying to us at 8 last night? 昨晚８点UFO向我们飞来了吗？特殊疑问句：What were you drinking while we were sleeping? 我们睡觉时，你们在喝什么？
Topic3
【重点短语】1. more than 超过2. pull down 推倒，拆毁3. heavy traffic 交通繁忙4. wear out 磨损，用坏5. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事6. do one’s best 尽（某人）最大努力7. live models 真人模型8. the ancient world 古代9. be made up of 由……组成10. join…together 把……连在一起11. regard…as… 把……看作......12. be worn out 被损坏
【重点句型】1. Lots of them were pulled down in the 1960s. 他们当中许多在二十世纪六十年代被拆毁。2. People thought them useless. 人们认为它们没有用。3. It’s really too bad. 这太遗憾了。4. We are doing our best to protect and rebuild the old city walls. 我们正在尽全力保护并重建老城墙。5. It is one of the“seven wonders”of the ancient world still standing. 它是现存的古代“七大奇迹”之一。6. It took 100,000 people over 20 years to build it. 修建它花了10万人二十多年的时间。7. Since then, people regarded the Great Wall as a symbol of the Chinese nation. 从那以后，人们就把长城看作是中华民族的象征。8. Every year many people find great pleasure visiting the wall. 每年有许多人参观长城，从中得到极大乐趣。
【重点语法】反意疑问句：由陈述句（或祈使句、感叹句）加一个简短问句构成的疑问句叫反意疑问句。一般对应规律：前肯后否；前否后肯。即陈述部分为肯定形式，附加问句用否定形式；陈述部分为否定形式，附加问句用肯定形式。如：There are many pyramids in Egypt, aren’t there? 在埃及有许多金字塔，不是吗？Sally visited the Great Wall last month, didn’t she? 萨莉上个月参观了长城，不是吗？He doesn’t realize the importance of saving water,does he? 他没有意识到节约用水的重要性，是吗？
【特例点拨】1. I don’t think you can rebuild the house, can you?我认为你不能重修这座房子，是吗？（I don’t think…主要在说think后的内容，故按从句变化）。2. 陈述部分有nobody,nothing,never,no,few（没几个），little（几乎没有），hardly（几乎不）等否定或半否定词时，仍视为否定句。根据反意疑问句对应规律，疑问部分用肯定形式。如：There is nothing in the room, is there? 屋子里什么也没有，是吗？Maria never surports me, does she? 玛丽亚从未支持过我，是吗？He had few apples, did he? 他几乎没有苹果，是吗？3. 祈使句的反意疑问句：无论肯定或否定，通常在祈使句后加上will you? 如：Please close the door, will you?请关门好吗？Don’t tear down the old walls,will you? 不要拆毁古墙，好吗？但以Let’s开头的祈使句用shall we? 如：let’s make a survey, shall we? 我们做个调查，好吗？