人教版九年级Unit13知识点学案

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Unit 13 We’re trying to savethe earth!

SectionA

现在完成时的用法

含义：表示过去的动作对现在构成结果或影响或者表示过去的状态一直持续到现在。它强调与现在的联系。

结构：have/has done

时间标志：already、yet、just、for+一段时间、since+过去时间点/一般过去时、ever、never、recently、lately、in recent years、so far、until now、up to now、before、次数、in/during/over the past/last+一段时间、以及固定句型This/That/It is+the+序数词+time+that从句（现在完成时）等。

eg:①Theconcert has started.(=The concert is on now.)

②Ihave already seen the film.(=I know the film now.)

③Hehas turned off the light.(=The light is off now.)

短暂性动词与延续性动词及其互换

㈠短暂性动词口诀：来去到离看听说，买卖开关起跌落；参加开发还与借，变成带给使（死）完结。

㈡短暂性动词与延续性动词的互换

come——behere,go——be there,leave——be away,open(v)——beopen(adj),close(v)——be

closed(adj),fallasleep——be asleep,join——be in,begin/start——be on,die——bedead,finish

——beover,buy——have,borrow——keep,become——be,catch a cold——havea cold.

（注：有时候，短暂性动词的否定形式可表延续与时间段连用。）

eg:Wehaven’t seen her for a long time.

⑸现在完成时的5种表达方式

eg:他住在这儿十年了。

Helived here ten years ago.

=Hehas lived here for ten years.

=Hehas lived here since ten years ago.

=It's(been)ten years since he lived here.

=Tenyears has passed since he lived here.

⑹现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时强调与现在的联系，而一般过去时只强调过去的事实，与其它时间无关。

练习：

(  )1.—Excuse me,where is Mr.Brown’s office?

—Sorry,I’ve no idea.I ______ here foronly a few days.

works  B.worked  C.have worked  D.will work

(  )2.Ben is a foreign teacher.So far,he _____ inSanya for five years.

was teaching  B.has taught  C.will teach  D.taught

(  )3.In the past few years,great changes _____ toher;she is not the one that she used to be.

A.happened  B.have been changed  C.havehappened  D.were happened

2.insteadof prep.“代替；而不是”

后接名词、代词、动名词或名词从句作宾语，有时，其后也可跟介词短语作宾语。

eg:We’llhave tea in the garden instead of in the house.

注：insteadadv.“代替；顶替”单独使用作状语。

egastsummer I went to Qingdao.This summer I’m going to Dalian instead.

练习：

( )1.We cooked dinner at home instead of ______ .

eat out  B.eats out  C.eating out  D.to eat out

( )2.It’s sunny.Let’s go sighting _____ watching TV in our hotelhome.

A.thanksto  B.insteadof  C.as well as  D.because of

( )3.—_____ free education,the children in my hometown can go backto school.

—Socan the children in my hometown.

Thanks to  B.Instead of  C.As for  D.Towards

3.remember的用法

图片rememberto do sth     记起要做某事(未做)

rememberdoing sth     记起做过某事(做过)

eg:①Rememberto write us when you get there.

②Iremember telling you about it twice.

练习：

( )1.—Do you remember _____ Mary the money you borrowed from her?

—Yes.I’llgive it to her this afternoon.

giving B.to give  C.given  D.gave

( )2.Kate,remember _____ for the sick to cheer them up.

A.tosing  B.not to sing  C.singing  D.sang

( )3.Remember _____ your host’s suggestions and _____ the rules.

A.tofollow;obey  B.following;obeying  C.tokeep;to keep  D.obey;follow

4.hear的用法

搭配：

hear sb.do sth.听到某人做某事

hear sb.doing sth.听到某人正在做某事

hear that从句 听说……

hear of听说

hear from收到某人的来信

练习：

( )1.—Have you ever heard _____ Mr Black,your new teacher?

—Yes,just a little.He’s very friendly.

A.from B.of C.through  D.out

( )2.—Is Tom in the next room?

—Well,it’s hard to say.But I heard him _____loudly when I passed by just now.

A.speak B.to speak  C.spoken  D.speaking

( )3.The story is so strange that we have never ______ it before.

A.heardfrom  B.heardof  C.heard  D.listened to

5.beharmful to介...(=doharm to介...)对……有害

eg:Smokingis harmful to health.

练习：

( )1.Drinking too much _______ your health.

A.doharm to  B.is harm to  C.isharmful to  D.does harmful to

afford的用法

搭配：

图片            sth.负担得起……的费用

图片  afford   

to do sth.负担得起……做某事的费用

练习：

( )1.They walked because they couldn’t afford ______ a taxi.

A.taking B.totake  C.take  D.took

( )2.—Why don’t you take the bike,Henry?

—It’s too expensive.I can’t _____ it.

A.sell B.keep  C.borrow  D.afford

( )3.—Some children can’t afford _____ necessary stationery(文具).

—Let’s donate our pocket money to them.

buy  B.buying  C.to buy  D.be bought

( )4.The car is too expensive,so I can’t ______ it.

A.offer B.supply  C.afford D.use

SectionB

throw away“扔掉；丢弃”为固定短语。

eg:It’s a waste to throw away good food.

练习：

(  )1.—What smells terrible?

—Sorry,I’ll ______ my shoes and washthem.

A.put away  B.takeaway  C.move away  D.throw away

(  )2.Recycling is good,so don’t _____ bottlesor newspapers.

A.find out  B.hand in  C.use up  D.throwaway

put短语

put away将……收起

put off推迟

put on穿上；戴上；上演

put down放下；记下

put out熄灭

put back放回

put up张贴；搭建

put through给……接通(电话)

固定搭配：

put...to good use好好利用

练习：

( )1.Boy,your books are everywhere.Please _______ .

A.putthem up  B.put them on  C.putthem away  D.put them down

( )2.Because of the bad weather,we have to ______ the meeting till thenext week.

A.takeoff  B.get off  C.putoff  D.set off

( )3.______ your sunglasses,Sally.The sun is too bright.

Put down  B.Put on  C.Put off  D.Put away

(  )4.—Where did you get these old doors?

—From the old houses which were _____ bythe workers.

taken down  B.pulled down  C.turned down  D.put down

(  )6.—I’m not going swimming tomorrowafternoon.

—Neither am I.I have to _____ my bedroom.

A.look after  B.cleanup  C.put away  D.put out

3.bebuilt out of...“由……建成”其中，outof表示由……制作。

练习：

( )1.—Do you know Amy Hayes?

—Of course,I know.She is the woman who build ahouse _____ rubbish.

by  B.out of  C.from  D.into

( )2.The new tall building ______ glass.

A.buildout of  B.isbuilt out of  C.build of  D.is build of

4.pulldown“拆毁；摧毁”

练习：

( )1.In the 1960s,a lot of city walls _____ in Beijing because peoplethought them useless.

pull down  B.have pulled down  C.were pulled down  D.had pulled down

( )2.—There are only a few old city walls left.

—Yeah.Most of them were ______ in the 1960s.

A.pulleddown  B.taken down  C.turned off  D.put off

( )3.—The house is too old and dangerous.

—Yes,we should ______ soon.

A.pulldown  B.put out  C.pullit down  D.put it out

5.区别：take,cost,spend,pay

⑴takevt.常用于固定句型“Ittakes (sb.)some time to do sth.”或Ittakes work/energy etc. (forsb.)to do sth.或Sth.takes(sb.)some time.或Sth.takessome time /energy to do.

⑵spendvt.主语只能是人，常用结构为：“主语(人)+spend+时间/钱+onsth./(in) doing sth.”。

⑶payvt./vi.主语只能是人，常用结构为：“主语(人)+pay+人/钱/for+物.”(注：paysth.指付出的是钱，如：paytwo dollars/the bill/the debt/the tax/the rent等；而payfor sth.指付钱买某物。另paysb.money=pay money for sb.)

⑷costvt.主语只能是事物，常用结构为：“主语(事物)+cost(+sb.)+金钱/时间”。

练习：

( )1.If you don’t like it,you don’t have to _________ .

A.pay B.pay for the money  C.pay for   D.payit

( )2.How much time did you spend ________ the text?

A.copying B.to copy  C.in copy  D.on copying

( )3.—Our math teacher stays in the office for a long time everyday.

—Yes,it ______ him a long time to check ourhomework.

costs  B.spends  C.takes D.pays

( )4.—Your shoes are so cold.Why don’t you buy a new pair?

—Because I _____ all my money on an MP5.

spend  B.have spent  C.am spending  D.was spending

( )5.—Do you know the price of the ticket?

—Yes.Each _____ ￥180.

A.pays B.costs C.takes  D.spends

6.区别：open,close,turnon,turn off

⑴open,close表示门、窗户或盒子等的“开”和“关”。

⑵turnon,turn off表示电脑、电灯等电器的“开”和“关”。

注：对于水管或煤气的“开”和“关”要用turnon或turnoff。

练习：

( )1.Please _____ the TV.I’m going to watch the world news on TV.

A.open B.close  C.turnon  D.turn off

( )2.Please ______the water when you brush your teeth.

A.takedown  B.turn up  C.take away  D.turnoff

( )3.I don’t like the program on TV so I ______ TV.

turn on  B.turn off  C.turn down  D.turn up

(  )4.The company wants to _____ a school for thepoor children.

A.turn off  B.turn off  C.setup  D.set down

(  )5.Please ______ the light to save theelectricity.

A.turn on  B.turnoff  C.turn up  D.turn down