人教版九年级unit 1 知识点学案

网站工作室

Unit 1 How can we become good friends?

课文知识点

1.by doing sth.表示通过某种方式、方法或手段，此时by短语用作状语。

注：“by+n.(前无冠词)”也可用来表示方式或手段，尤其用于表示运输或取道的方式。

eg:①By working hard I made great progress this term.

  ②May I pay by bank card?

注：by的其他用法

by+地名“靠近；在……旁边”表示位置。

by+交通工具“乘坐”表示使用的交通方式。

by+时间“在……之前，不迟于”表示时间

by+the+身体部位或其他表示物体的名词，表示抓住身体或某物的一个部位。

区别：in,by,with

⑴in表示用语言材料、语调、颜色、笔墨等。

⑵by表示用某种方式、方法、手段或使用某种交通工具。

⑶with表示用某种具体、有形的工具或以某物填充、覆盖等。

练习：

(  )1.—How do you learn English so well?

     —______ chatting with my uncle in America online.

A.For  B.by  C.In  D.With

(  )2.—How do you improve your English?

     —______ listening to tapes.

A.With  B.About  C.By  D.I’m

(  )3.You can improve your English _____ practicing more.

A.by  B.with  C.of  D.in

(  )4.—_____ did you get the news about the terrible accident?

     —By searching the news on the Internet.

A.Why  B.Where  C.When  D.How

(  )5.The man makes a living ______ teaching.

A.without  B.with  C.by  D.for

2.What about(doing)sth.=How about(doing)sth.“……怎么样？”用于征求对方的意见、看法或建议，后跟名词、代词或动名词。

练习：

(  )1.—_______ playing football now?

     —Sorry,I have quite a lot of homework to do.

A.Why not  B.What about  C.Why don’t you  D.Shall we

(  )2.—_____ studying with a group?

     —Good idea.

A.Would you like  B.Why not  C.Why don’t you  D.What about

(  )3.What about ______ the Pingpong club.

A.to join  B.to take part in  C.joining  D.join

3.aloud adv.“出声地，大声地”的用法

eg:She read the story aloud to the children.

区别：aloud,loudly,loud

⑴aloud adv.“出声地，大声地”指为了让人听见而出声，常与read,call,cry等连用，没有“喧闹”之意。

⑵loudly adv.“高声地”多含有“嘈杂、喧闹”之意，有时也含有有目的地提高音量，以便让人听到之意，常修饰shout,knock等。

⑶loud adj. “响亮的，大声的” adv. “响亮地，大声地，高声地”指说话声或笑声响亮而不吵闹，常用于动词speak,talk,sing,laugh等。

练习：

(  )1.—You should not speak so _______ .They’re doing their homework now.

     —Sorry,I won’t do that again.

A.loud  B.aloud  C.noisy  D.louder

(  )2.______ !We have only three minutes left.

A.Slowly  B.Hardly  C.Quickly  D.Loudly

(  )3.—Talking ______ in a library is impolite.

     —In fact,we should also take care not to cough or sneeze loudly in public.

A.loudly  B.quickly  C.clear  D.quiet

4.it作形式主语、形式宾语的用法

当不定式短语或从句作主语或宾语时，通常用it作形式主语、形式宾语，而把真正的主语、宾语放在后面。

eg:It’s too hard to understand spoken English.

练习：

(  )1.Trying singing some English songs,and you’ll find it interesting _____ a foreign language.

A.learning  B.learns  C.learn  D.to learn

(  )2.I found _____ very difficult to learn maths well.

A.what  B.it  C.that  D.this

(  )3.______ is wrong to copy other students’ homework.

A.This  B.That  C.It  D.There

(  )4.______ seems that Jane knows the bad news.

A.That  B.This  C.It  D.She

(  )5.I find _____ hard to learn English well.

A.this  B.it  C.that  D.they

(  )6.I find _____ exciting to talk with the old man.

A.that  B.this  C.it  D.these

(  )7.It’s very convenient _____ us to buy train tickets now because we can buy them either from the station or on the Internet.

A.to  B.of  C.by  D.for

5.too...to...句型可与so...that(否定)...或not...enough to do句型互换。

eg:The boy is too young to go to school.=The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.=The boy isn’t old enough to go to school.

练习：

1.He is too young to look after himself.=He is _____ young _____ he can’t look after himself.=He isn’t ____ _____ _____ look after himself.

(  )2.The film “Kung Fu Panda”is ______ interesting _____ I would like to see it again.

A.too;to  B.so;that  C.such;that  D.enough;to

(  )3.Mrs.Wang was so ______ that she couldn’t stop ______ .

A.excited;cry  B.excited;crying  C.exciting;crying  D.exciting;to cry

6.have to情态动词“必须，不得不”的用法

have to后跟动词原形，强调由于客观原因而使主语必须做某事。

另外，must“必须”，强调主观上必须做某事。

eg:It’s getting dark.I have to go home now.

练习：

(  )1.—I can’t stop smoking,doctor.

     —For your health,I am afraid you _______ .

A.may  B.can  C.have to  D.need

(  )2.It’s getting late.I _____ go home.

A.must  B.have to  C.must have to  D.need

(  )3.—Dad,must we wait until the light becomes green?

     —Yes,I’m afraid we ______ .That’s the traffic rules.

A.can  B.may  C.have to  D.need

7.“The+比较句，the+比较句.”句型，意为"越……，越……"。

eg:①The harder you study,the better grades you will get.

  ②The more he gets,the more he wants.

  ③The more she learns,the more she wants to learn.

练习：

(  )1.The more you smile,the ______ you’ll feel.

A.happy  B.happier  C.happily  D.more happily

(  )2.—The doctor told me not to eat too much,but I find it difficult.

     —The doctor is right._____ you eat,______ you will be.

A.The less;the healthier   B.The less;the more healthier  

C.The more;the healthier  D.The more;the more healthier

Section B

1.疑问词+to do：当从句主语与其逻辑主语一致时，可用疑问词+to do结构。在句中常用作主语、宾语、表语。

eg:①I don't know what to do.(=I don’t know what I should do.)

  ②How to use the computer is a question.(=How I should use the computer is a question.)

练习：

(  )1.Boys and girls,attention,please.Now let me tell you _____ to the Bird Island.

A.how to get  B.what to get  C.whom to get  D.where to get

(  )2. –I don’t know how to _______ the word “phenomenon”. Can you help me, John?

    --No problem.

A. pronounce  B. tell  C. talk  D. speak

2.mistaken.[C]“错误，过失”vt.“错认，误认”“误解，弄错”

短语：

  make a mistake犯错误

  by mistake错误地，由于疏忽做错了

  mistake...for...把……错当成……

区别：mistake,wrong,fault

⑴mistake指日常生活中判断或看法的错误。

⑵wrong指坏事、冤屈、不道德、犯罪等。

⑶fault强调过失、责任或性格上的弱点。

练习：

(  )1.Tom was so careless that he often ______ the exam.

A.make mistake of  B.makes mistakes in  C.made mistakes in  D.made mistakes of

(  )2.She put some salt in her cup of tea ______ ,so she had to pour herself another cup.

A.by accident  B.by mistake  C.on purpose  D.in common

3.动词不定式作后置定语

动词不定式作后置定语时，与被修饰名词构成动宾关系时。若动词不定式为不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需有相应的介词。

eg:①I have a pen to write with.

  ②Zhengzhou is a good place to live in.  

练习：

(  )1.We don’t have enough paper ______ .

A.to write  B.write  C.to write on  D.writing

(  )2.I’m _____ to face my English teacher because I don’t do well in my homework.

A.happy  B.interested  C.afraid  D.excited

(  )3.I don’t have a partner to practice English ______ .

A.for  B.to  C.with  D./

(  )4.A young man is practicing _____ English with Mr.Smith on the train.

A.to speak  B.to say  C.to speak  D.speaking

(  )5.I did a survey about the best ways _____ more new words.

A.to learn  B.of learn  C.learn  D.learning

(  )6.Mary has ______ friends to play games ______ .

A.no;with  B.no;in  C.not;with  D.no;on

(  )7.As students,our duty is ______ hard.

A.study  B.to studying  C.to study  D.studied

4.depend vi.“依靠；依赖；取决于；指望”(+on/upon..+for sth.)

⑴depend on/upon+sb./sth.

eg:①Whether we’ll go camping depends on the weather.

  ②We depend on the radio for news.

⑵depend on/upon+sb./sth.+to do/doing

eg:①We can depend on her to deal with the situation.

  ②Can we depend on your coming in on Sunday?

⑶depend on/upon+从句

eg:Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.

练习：

(  )1.I’m not sure whether I can hold a party in the open air,because it _____ the weather.

A.stands for  B.depends on  C.lives on  D.agrees with

(  )2.—Do you think ______ Xiao Ming can pass the high school entrance exam or not?

     —Sorry,I have no idea.

A.that  B.which  C.when  D.whether

(  )3.Whether or not you can do this well _____ your learning habits.

A.takes on  B.depends on  C.moves on  D.gets on

(  )4.Good grades ______ how hard you have studied your subjects.

A.depend on  B.work on  C.decide on  D.spend on

(  )5.Don’t be in a hurry to say what you think about this.First _____ the facts.

A.look up  B.think about  C.depend on  D.find out

(  )6.—Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow?

     —Well,it all _____ the weather.

A.belongs to  B.happens to  C.depends on  D.concentrates on

5.even if(=though)“即使，尽管”引导让步状语从句。

eg:I’ll come even if it rains.

练习：

(  )1.We can get there on time _____ the car doesn’t break down.

A.while  B.as long as  C.so that  D.even if

(  )2.Don’t be discouraged(泄气的) ______ you have fallen behind others.

A.whether  B.as if  C.even if  D.however

(  )3._____ I have a lot of homework to do every night,I still spend half an hour watching TV.

A.If  B.Because  C.After  D.Even though

(  )4._____ I didn’t understand the words,I knew what he wanted.

A.Because  B.Unless  C.Even though  D.If

(  )5.—This kind of dress is out of style.

     —I think it still looks nice _____ it’s not popular this year.

A.until  B.even though  C.because  D.so that

6.unless“除非，如果不”(=if...not)引导条件状语从句。

eg:The child never cries unless hungry.

7.在主将从现原则中，从句可用一般现在时或现在完成时表示(具体的)将来。(主将从现原则具体内容：在时间或条件状语从句中，如果主句为将来时或表示将来时含义的句子(如：祈使句、情态句等)，那么从句常用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来。)(注：从句用现在完成时表示从句动作结束时，主句动作才会发生。)

eg:We will have a picnic if it is fine tomorrow.

练习：

(  )1.You won’t feel happy at school _______ you get on well with your classmates.

A.though  B.when  C.unless  D.,because

(  )2.I’ll start early,_______ it may be dark.

A.if  B.whether  C.though  D.unless

(  )3.We shouldn’t do that dangerous experiment ______ the teacher is with us.

A.as long as  B.if  C.unless  D.while

(  )4.I won’t pass the exam _____ I work hard.

A.whenever  B.because  C.if  D.unless

(  )5.—We can’t be successful ______ we keep working hard.

     —I agree with you.

A.if  B.unless  C.because  D.when

(  )6.Grace is going to give much money to charity,_____ she’s not rich enough.

A.if  B.unless  C.since  D.though

(  )7.Do you think he will pass the exam if he _______ hard?

A.working  B.will work  C.works  D.worked

(  )8.—We’ll visit the Summer Palace _____ there is a heavy rain tomorrow.

     —OK!Boating on the lake must be great fun.

A.unless  B.since  C.as soon as  D.if

(  )9.—May I go to Lvcheng Park with you next Sunday?

     —No,you can’t,______ you have a ticket.I have only one ticket.

A.if  B.until  C.unless  D.as soon as

7.enough adj.“足够的，充足的”adv.“足够地，充足地”n.“足够，充足”的用法

⑴作形容词时，修饰名词放在前。

eg:We have enough time to learn this lesson.

⑵作副词时，修饰形容词、副词放在后。

eg:He is old enough to go to school.

注:can not/never可与enough或too连用，意为“越……越好；无论……都不过分”

eg:You can't be careful enough.=You can't be too careful.

句型：

     (be adj.)/adv.+enough(for sb.)(to do)

eg:The book is easy enough for me to read.

注：enough不能与no连用。作形容词时不可被very修饰，但可被quite修饰。

eg:①We have quite enough time.

  ②I don’t have enough money.

练习：

1.改为同义句My son is too young to join the army.

          My son isn’t ______ _______ to join the army.

(  )2.She’s not strong enough ______ walking up mountains.

A.to go  B.going  C.go  D.went

(  )3.This idea isn’t ______ .Let’s think about a funnier one.

A.enough useful  B.enough bad  C.awful enough  D.interesting enough

(  )4.He is ______ to move this heavy desk to the next room.

A.enough strong  B.too strong  C.so strong  D.strong enough

(  )5.He doesn’t do his homework _______ ,though he has ________ .

A.carefully enough;enough time  B.carefully enough;time enough  

C.enough carefully;enough time  D.enough carefully;enough

(  )6.—What do think of the potatoes?

     —Well,it’s ______ .

A.thin enough  B.enough thin  C.thinner enough  D.enough thinner

(  )7.I don’t think teenagers should be allowed to drive,because they are _______ .

A.not enough serious  B.not serious enough  C.too serious  D.to serious

Self Check

1.stress out“紧张，过度劳累”动词短语，形容压力大。

eg:Take it easy.Don’t stress out.

注：stressed out adj.“压力大的，紧张的”

eg:Make sure he is not stressed out.

2.have a test“参加测试，进行实验”

eg:We’re going to have a test in June.

3.on one’s own“独自地；独立地”

eg:①He can be left to work on his own.

  ②I’m well able to manage on my own.

4.over and over again“反复地；一再”

eg:He practiced his idea over and over again.

5.till/until的用法

一般情况下，till/until可以通用。till/until用于肯定句时，主句须和持续性动词连用，意为“直到……为止”。till/until用于否定句时，须和瞬间性动词连用，意为“不到……不；直到……才”。

eg:①We’ll wait for you until you come back.

  ②I didn’t go to bed until my father got home.

练习：

(  )1.We didn’t start our discussion ________ everybody arrived.

A.since  B.if  C.while  D.until

(  )2. Usually, we don’t know how important something is ____ we lose it.

A. or     B.until     C. as soon as   D.though

(  )3.Bob promises to join in the football match ______ he has to help his parents on the farm.

     A. if         B. as                C. unless              D. when

(  )4.Peter likes reading a newspaper ________ he is having breakfast.

A. until          B. while            C. because        D. though

重点难点全解：

1.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

二者都表示过去。但现在完成时强调与现在的联系，而一般过去时只强调过去的事实，与其它时间无关。

练习：

(  )1.My brother left school in 2005,and since then he ______ in Beijing.

A.lives  B.lived  C.will live  D.has lived

(  )2.My life _____ a lot in the last few years.

A.change  B.changed  C.has changed  D.have changed

(  )3. -- Have you ever been to Shanghai, Mary?   

     -- Yes. I _______ there for three days with my parents last month.

      A. have gone           B. have been          C. went               D. was

(  )4. I ________ a mistake. Please don’t be angry with me.

A. make          B. made            C. will make        D. had made

(  )5.---Have you read this book?    ---Yes. I ____ it two weeks ago.

A. am reading   B. have read    C. will read    D.read

易错易混全解：

㈠because,since,as,for的区别

⑴because,as,since为从属原因连词，而for为并列原因连词。

⑵because“因为”，语气最强，多用于给出直接的、听者未知的原因，常常位于句尾，成为信息的焦点。既能回答why的提问，也能用于强调句型中，还可用于搭配not...but...或与强调词just,only,merely及与否定词not连用；只有在表示强调时才位于主句之前。

eg:①—Why didn’t you phone me last night?昨天晚上你为什么没有给我打电话？

  —Because I didn’t want to disturb you.因为我不想打扰你。

②I didn’t want it because it’s too big.我不要它，因为它太大了。

③I did it because he told me to do it.我做这件事因为是他吩咐的。                                                                                                                             

⑶as“由于”，语气较弱，主从句所表达的内容同等重要，二者之间存在有因果关系。重在陈述或解释为什么一种特殊情况的存在或某人为什么做某事。有时as含有“既然”的意思(=since)。

eg:①As he’s a qualified doctor,I trust his advice on medical matters.由于他是一位合格的医生，所以我信任他在医疗事情上的建议。

②As I had a cold,I didn’t attend the meeting.由于我感冒了，我没去参加会议。

③As we had no money,we couldn’t buy anything to eat.由于我们没有钱，我们不可能买任何吃的东西。

④We all like her as she is kind.我们都喜欢她，因为她善良。

⑤As/Since you’re not feeling well,you may stay at home.既然你感觉不舒服，你可以呆在家里。

⑷since(=now that)“既然”，主要用于口语，语气更弱，表示微弱的原因，或是就对方陈述的事实作为理由。重在给出一个原由。主从句因果关系不明显。常位于句首。

eg:①Since we have come,let’s stay and enjoy it.既来之，则安之。

  ②Since everybody knows about it,I don’t want to talk any more.既然大家都了解了这个事，我就不想再说什么了。

  ③Since you don’t want to go,we won’t force you to.既然你不想去，我们就不勉强你了。

⑸for“因为”，语气最弱，表示对某一事实进行推断的或附加说明的理由，是对已发生情况的补充说明。一般不位于句首。

eg:①He can’t have gone,for the light is still on.他不可能走了，因为灯还在亮着呢。

  ②It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.昨晚准是下过雨，因为地面是湿的。

  ③He must be ill,for he is absent today.他一定病了，因为他今天缺席了。

练习：

(  )1.The teacher speaks very loudly______ all the students can hear her.

A. so that   B. because  C. since  D. when

(  )2.Scientists say it may be a few years ____ it is possible to test the new medicine on patients．

    A. because    B. after    C.before   D. since

(  )3.Peter likes reading a newspaper ________ he is having breakfast.

A. until          B. while            C. because        D. though

(  )4.— May I go to the concert with you?  

      — I’m afraid not ____ you have a ticket, because I have only one.

A. since       B. if         C. unless        D. though

(  )5. A tourist will easily lose his way in Beijing _________ he has a map or a guide.

     A. if     B. because     C. unless     D. when

㈡instead,instead of

⑴instead adv.“代替；取而代之的是”表示前面的事情没做，而是做了后面的事。一般位于句首或句尾，但不能位于祈使句的前面，也不能位于句中。另外，前面的句子一般用否定形式，instead所在的句子一般是肯定形式。

eg:If you can’t go,let me go instead.

⑵instead of prep.后接名词、代词、动名词、介词短语或副词等。具有否定意义，其后是没有做到事情。

eg:I have to finish my work instead of going out.

练习：

(  )1.Tom and Jack often talk loudly after class ________ .

A.instead of quiet  B.instead of keeping quiet  C.keeping quiet instead  D.to keep quiet instead

(  )2.It’s raining hard.____ ,I still want to go there.

A.Then  B.However  C.Besides  D.Instead