Unit2 词汇精讲
1. maybe maybe是副词,意思是“也许,可能”,在句中作状语,相当于perhaps,常位于句首。例如: Maybe she’ll come this afternoon. 她可能今天下午来。 Maybe you put the letter in your pockets. 大概你把信放在衣袋里了。 【拓展】 (1)maybe和may be的辨析: maybe是副词,而在may be中,may是情态动词,be是动词原形,两者构成完整的谓语形式,与主语形成系表结构,意为“也许是、可能是”。例如: I can’t find my watch. It may be in your pocket. 我找不到我的手表了,它可能在你的口袋里。 He may be a soldier. 他可能是军人。 (2)maybe和may be可相互转换。 例如: He may be in the office. = Maybe he is in the office. 他或许在办公室。 You may be right. = Maybe you are right. 你或许是对的。
2. although although的意思相当于though,意为“尽管,虽然”,用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but; and; so等连用,但可以和yet; still等词连用。例如: Although he lives alone, he doesn’t feel lonely.= He lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely. 虽然他一个人住,但他并不感到孤独。 There is air all around us, although we cannot see it. 虽然我们看不见空气,但空气却存在于我们的周围。 【拓展】although与though的辨析: (1)用作连词,表示“虽然”,二者可以互换使用,但although比though更为正式。例如: Though/Although it was raining, we still went there. 虽然下着雨,但我们还是去了那里。 (2)although一般不用作副词,而though可用作副词,且一般放在句末(不放在句首),意为“可是,不过”。例如: It’s hard work; I enjoy it, though. 工作很辛苦,可是我很喜欢。 We all tried our best. We lost the game, though. 我们都尽了最大努力,但我们还是输了。 (3)在as though(好像,仿佛),even though(即使,纵然)等固定短语中不能用although。例如: He talks as though he knows everything. 他夸夸其谈,好像无所不知。
3. die die是动词,意为“死亡”,是短暂性动作,常用于过去时中,过去式为died。例如: Plants and people will die without water. 没有水,植物和人都会死。 His father died two years ago. 他的父亲两年前去世的。 【拓展】die有多个变形词: 例如:The tree has been dead for ten years. 这棵树死了10年了。 She looked at her dead cat sadly. 伤心地看着她死去的猫。 My grandpa died two years ago. 我爷爷两年前去世了。 The fish will die without water. 鱼离开水会死去。 Car accidents have caused a lot of deaths. 车祸造成很多人死亡。 The doctors have saved the dying man. 医生们救活了那个垂死的人。
4. however&but however和 but都意为“可是,但是”;但是用法不同。 (1)however不能直接连接两个分句,必须另起新句,并用逗号隔开。例如: It was raining hard. However, we went out to look for the boy. 雨下得很大,然而我们还是出去寻找那个孩子。 (2)but是并列连词,连接两个并列分句,后面不用逗号,前后两句在总的意义上构成了对比。例如: I really don't like cheese, but I will try just a little this time. 我实在是不喜欢吃奶酪,但是这次我要尝一点。 (3)however比but用的场合更正式, 因此however用于书面语,而but 常用于口语。另外, however的意思还不只局限于“但是;然而”,它还有其他的用法。例如: However hard I worked, she was never satisfied. 无论我多么努力地工作,她从来没满意过。 However did you get here without a car? 没有汽车你究竟是怎样来的呢?
5. hardly&hard hardly和hard形式上很接近,但意义截然不同。 (1)hardly是表频率的副词,意为“几乎不;几乎没有”,相当于almost not。例如: There is hardly any coffee left.= There’s almost no coffee left. 几乎没有剩余的咖啡了。 (2)hard作形容词时,意为“困难的;硬的;勤奋的;严厉的;苛刻的”。hard作副词时常用来表示程度,意为“努力地;猛烈地;剧烈地”。例如: This ground is too hard to dig. 这块地太硬,挖不动。 They tried hard to succeed. 他们努力工作,以求得成功。 【拓展】常见的表示频度的副词: (1)always 的频度为100%,表示动作重复、状态继续,中间没有间断,意思是“总是”、“永远地”。例如: The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳总是东升西落。 (2)usually 的频度为70%左右,意为“通常”、“平常”,即很少有例外。例如: He usually goes to bed at ten o’clock. 他通常10点钟睡觉。 (3)often 的频度为50%左右,意为“常常”,但不如usually那么频繁,表示动作重复,中间有间断。例如: He is often late for school. 他上学经常迟到。 (4)sometimes 的频度为20%左右,意为“有时”,表示动作偶尔发生。可以位于句首,以示强调。例如: It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold. 天气忽冷忽热。
Sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he does it that way. 他有时这样做,有时那样做。
(5)hardly ever 的频度为5%左右,意为“几乎不”、“偶尔”。例如: I hardly ever go out these days. 这些天我几乎不出门。 (6)never 的频度为0,意为“从来不”、“永不”。例如: My parents are never late for work. 我父母上班从来不迟到。
6. exercise (1)作不及物动词,意为“锻炼、运动”。例如: -How often do you exercise? 你多久锻炼一次?
-I exercise every day. 我每天都锻炼。
(2)作不可数名词,意为“锻炼、运动”,常与动词take连用。例如: Exercise makes me keep healthy. 运动使我保持健康。 (3)作可数名词,意为“练习;操”。例如: We do morning exercises every day. 我们每天做早操。 We do English exercises to help us learn English well. 我们做英语练习以便学好英语。
7. health health为名词,意为“健康”,其形容形式为healthy,意为“健康的”。unhealthy意为“不健康的,是healthy的反义词。healthily是“健康地”,是副词。 在名词词尾加y构成形容词,类似的词还有: rain—rainy 雨—下雨的 sun—sunny 太阳—晴朗的 luck—lucky 幸运—幸运的 wind—windy 风—刮风的
8. once / twice once“一次”,twice“两次”,在英语中三次或三次以上通常用“基数词+times”表示,time在这里为可数名词,意为“次数”,复数加s。例如: I wash my face twice a day. 我每天洗两次脸。 He has been there four times. 他去过那里四次。
04Unit2句式精讲
1. How often do you have piano lessons? how often意为“多久一次”,常用于对时间频率的提问。例如: How often do you watch TV? 你多久看一次电视? How often do your parents visit your grandparents? 你的父母多久看一次你的祖父母? 【拓展】
2. But do you want to come? (1)want意为“想要”后可接名词或不定式,构成want to do sth. 意为“想要做某事”;want sb. to do sth. 意为“想要某人做某事”。例如: Do you want to join us? 你想加入到我们中吗? He wants me to help him. 他想要我帮他。 (2)want的用法还有:want sth.,意为“想要什么”。例如: She wants a cup of tea. 她想要一杯茶。 【拓展】 want后接动词不定式时,相当于would like;因此want (sb.) to do sth.=would like (sb.) to do sth. 例如: I wanted to go swimming. = I would like to go swimming. 我想游泳。
3. She says it’s good for my health. be good for意为“对……有好处,对……有益处”,介词for后接名词或代词。其反义词为be bad for,意为“对……有害处”。例如: Junk food is not good for our health. 垃圾食品对我们的健康没有好处。 Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。 【拓展】 (1)be good to“对……好”,其反义短语为be bad to“对……不好”。介词to之后一般接表示人的名词或代词。例如: She is very good to us. 她对我们很好。 The boss is bad to his workers.那个老板对他的工人不好。 (2)be good at“在……方面擅长”,介词at后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,同义短语为do well in。例如: She is good at English and Chinese. = She does well in English and Chinese. 她擅长英语和汉语。 (3)be good with“和……相处得好;擅于和……相处”。例如: Are you good with children?你和孩子们相处得好吗?
4. It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows… It is/was + adj. + to do sth. 意为“做某事是……的”,to do sth.为句子的真正的主语,而it为形式主语,形式主语不能用别的词来代替,句中可在形容词后加for sb.,意为“对于某人来说,做某事是……的”。例如: It’s important for us to learn a foreign language. 对我们来说,学习一门外语是相当重要的。 It’s necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables. 对我们来说,多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。 【拓展】 这个句型中的for sb.有时也可以用of sb. 二者意义有区别: (1)在It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 中,for sb.意为“对某人来说”,句中的形容词是用来说明to do sth.的,形式主语只能用it。例如: It’s necessary for the students to do some housework. 对于学生们来说,做些家务是十分必要的。 (2)在It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 中of sb. 意为“某人……”,句中形容词可与逻辑主语sb. 构成系表结构,即形容词是用来说明或形容sb.(某人)的。例如: It’s very kind of you to help us. 你能帮助我们真是太好了。
5. Exercise such as playing sports is fun… such as用来列举多个事物,一般不全部列出,插在被列举事物与前面的名词之间。例如: The farm grows all kinds of crops, such as rice, wheat and cotton. 这个农场种植各种各样的庄稼,例如,稻谷、小麦和棉花。 【拓展】 for example“例如”,可以作为独立语插入句中,不影响句子其他部分的语法关系,用以列举某一个人或事。例如: A lot of children, for example, Tom likes drinking tea. 很多小孩,例如Tom喜欢喝茶。
|