2013学年九英语上期中复习语言点归纳总结复习资料

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Unit 1   The Changing World

1.、afford 常与can, could 或 be able to 连用，尤其用于否定句或疑问句，表“负担得起（做）某事；抽得出（时间）” “(can’t/ couldn’t) afford (to do) sth.” We can’t afford (to buy ) this house because we don’t have enough money.
2、 search sp. for sth. 搜查某地寻找某物
   search sb. for sth. 搜身查找某物
   search for sth./ sb.= look for sth./ sb. 搜寻某物/ 某人； 如：
The villagers searched the woods for the lost children.村民们在树林里寻找失踪的孩子们。
The police searched the man for the stolen money. 警察搜那个男人的身，查找被偷的钱。
He is searching/ looking for his missing keys. 他在寻找他丢的钥匙。
3、used to be/ do… 过去曾是/常做……
  be used to do sth. = be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事 （被动）
  be/ get used to (doing ) sth. 习惯于（做）某事； 如：
I used to be a Chinese teacher. 我过去曾是一名语文老师。
I used to swim in this river. 我过去常在这条河中游泳。
Knives are used to cut things.= knives are used for cutting things. 刀子被用砍东西。
We are used to getting up earlier now. 现在我们习惯于早起。
4、elder brother 哥哥
elder 作形容词时, 是old的比较级, 一般表示家庭成员出生的顺序,在句中只能作定语,可与than连用; 而older表年龄的比较,可与 than连用. 如:
His elder sister is two years older than he. 他的姐姐比他大两岁.

5、China has made such rapid progress. 中国已经取得如此迅速的进步。
progress 为不可数名词 make progress 取得进步
make some/ much/ great progress 取得一些/ 许多/ 巨大的进步
6、What has happened to Beijing’s roads now? 现在北京的公路发生了什么变化？
sth. happen to sb. 某人发生了某事 ， 如：
If anything happens to him, let me know. 万一他有什么不测，就请通知我。
A little accident happened to her yesterday. 昨天她发生了点小意外。
7、hear from sb.=receive/ get a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信
8、---- I really hate to go shopping. ---- So do I . 我也是。
So do I .为倒装句，表示前面提到的肯定情况也同样适合另外一个主体，表“某某也一样”，结构为“so + be /情态动词/ 助动词 + 主语”。如：
Jim is a student, so is Tom. 吉姆是一名学生，汤姆也是。
Jim can swim, so can Tom. 吉姆会游泳，汤姆也会。
Jim likes sports, so does Tom. 吉姆喜欢运动，汤姆也喜欢。
如表前面不怎样，后面“也不”怎样时，其结构为“ neither/ nor + be /情态动词/ 助动词 + 主语”。 Jim wasn’t Chinese, neither/ nor were they. 吉姆不中国人，他们也不是。
Jim can’t speak Japanese, neither can I . 吉姆不会说日语，我也不会。
Jim didn’t go there, neither did I . 。
如前后两句表达的是同一个主体，则不能倒装，表“的确如此”。如：
Jim is a good student. So he is. 吉姆是一名好学生，的确如此。
Jim swims well. So he does. 吉姆游泳很好，的确如此。

9、population为不可数名词，表示人口的多少只能用 “large”或 “small”修饰，提问人口用“what”,

The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. 上海的人口比北京多。
What’s the population of China?= How many people are there in China?
10.、Great changes have taken place in China. 中国发生了巨大变化。
take place 指必然性的“发生”或有计划、安排之内的“举行”。如：
The meeting will take place next Friday. 会议将在下周五举行。
happen 指偶然的、没有预料的“发生“，其结果往往给人带来不幸或麻烦。如：
The accident happened yesterday. 事故发生在昨天。 ※两者都不用于被动语态。
11. The population has increased a lot. 人口增长发很多。
increase 可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。其含义是“增长，增加，加强”等。
increase by… 指“增加了……”; increase to…指 “增加到……”
12、and about one fifth of the people in the world live in China.
英文分数表达法：分子为基数词，分母为序数词当分子大于1时，分母的序数词则变为复数one fourth 四分之一；three fourths/ quarters 四分之三； one second 二分之一； two thirds 三分之二
13、It has worked well in controlling China’s population.
它在控制人口数量方面取得了显著的功效。
work well in doing sth. 表“在……方面很有功效”, 如:
Doing eye exercises works well in protecting our eyesight. 做眼保健操在保护视力方面很有功效。
14、 Because of our large population, we are short of energy and water.
be short of…表 “缺乏”, She is always short of money at the end of every month. 每个月底她总缺钱。
be short for… 表“是……的缩写”, 如: TV is short for television. TV是television的缩写形式.
15、 Can all Chinese families offer their children a good education?
offer 表“（主动）给予，提供 offer sb. sth. “提供某人某物” 如：
I offered him a glass of wine. 我敬了他一杯酒。
offer to do sth. “（主动）提出做某事” 如：
She offered to cook for her mother. 她提出帮她妈妈煮饭。
16、 I can’t go shopping in big stores unless I travel for a couple of hours.
我得花几个小时，才能到大的商场购物。
a) unless = if not 表“除非…; 如果不”，引导条件状语从句。如：
I won’t go unless I hear from you. = I won’t go if I don’t hear from you.
Unless Bill studies hard, he’ll fail in the exam. 如果比尔不努力, 他不会通过考试的.
17、 a couple of… 表 “几个人或几件事”, 如:
a couple of years ago 几年前; a couple of students 几个学生
couple 指任何两件同类的东西; 如:
a couple of watches 两只手表； five couples of cats 五对猫
pair 指两件不可分开使用的东西,它们可指两件互不相连的东西(鞋子、袜子等)，也可指两部分构成的一件东西（裤子、剪刀等）。

如： a pair of shoes 一双鞋子 a pair of pants 一条裤子

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Unit 2  Saving the earth

1、I can’t stand the environment here. 我无法容忍这儿的环境。

stand 表“容忍；忍受”，后接名词、代词及动名词做宾语。

I can’t stand that man, he talks too much. 我忍受不了那个人了，他话太多了。

Can you stand the pain?  你能忍得住痛吗？

I can’t stand waiting any longer. 我再也等不了了。

2、What do you mean by sth. ?    某物是什么意思呢?

= What’s the meaning of sth ? = What does sth. mean?

3、I hope I can move from here soon.  = I hope to move from here soon.  

当主从句主语一致时，常可转换成不定式短语

4．There are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the river.

There be + sb. / sth. + doing sth.   表有某人/ 某物正在做某事。

如： There are some birds singing in the tree. 树上有些鸟儿在歌唱。

There is a little girl crying in the street. 街上有个小女孩在哭。

5．stop doing sth. 停止做（正在进行的）事 stop to do sth.  停下来去做（另一件）事

如：It’s late. They will stop working and (stop) to have supper.

The students stopped talking and to listen to the teacher. 学生们停止说话去听课。

6．I’m sorry for making so much noise. 很抱歉我弄出这么大的噪音。

be sorry for doing sth.   表对做过的事感到抱歉

be sorry to do sth.   表对当前的事感到抱歉

如：I’m sorry for waking you up yesterday. 很抱歉昨天把你弄醒了。

I’m sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉打扰你了。

I’m sorry to hear that.  听到那个（消息）感到很遗憾。

7．not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution.

   并不是所有的人都知道噪音也是一种污染。

not 与both、all 、every 以及 every 的派生词连用时，表部分否定。

如：Not everybody knows this secret. 不是人人知道这个秘密。

Nobody knows this secret.  没有一个人知道这个秘密。

I don’t know all (of) your names. 你们的名字我并不都知道。

I know none of your names. 我不知道你们所有人的名字。

8. Recently it was reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do,…近来据报道，美国许多青少年的听力和65岁的老人一样差。

no better than… 表“同……(几乎)一样差; 不比……做得好”

如: Lucy did no better than Lily in the exam. 露西和莉莉考得几乎一样糟.

  = Lucy almost did as badly as Lily in the exam.

Topic 2

1、It (sth.) + says that… 此句型中主语是事或物，say表用“文字、数字”说明信息。如：

It says “ Happy New Year!” on the card. 卡片上写着“新年快乐！”。

The clock says that it is 20:00 now. 这面钟显示现在是20：00。

2、As we know, none of us likes pollution. 众所周知，没有人喜欢污染。

  none与no one 的区别：

none “全无”，既可指人也可指物，后常跟of 的短语; 作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数；no one只指人，后不能跟of 的短语; 作主语时，谓语动词只用作单数。如：
He has read none of these books.（指物）这些书他一本都没看过。

None of my friends like/ likes drawing.（指人）我的朋友们没有一个喜欢画画。  No one is here. 没有一个在这儿。

none回答how many/ much的问题；no one回答who的问题。 如：
A: How many students come to school by taxi? B: None.

有多少的学生搭出租车来上学？ 没有人。

A: How much water is there in the bottle? B: None. 瓶子里有多少水？ 一点儿也没有。

A: Who is in the room?  B: No one. 谁在房中？没有人。

3、change… into… = turn… into…  把…..(转)变成….. 如：

   Please change/ turn English into Chinese. 请把英语变成汉语。

   When the traffic lights change/ turn into green, we can go.

4、Trees can keep water from running away. 树可以防止水土流失。

stop / prevent sb. /sth. (from ) doing sth. 阻止/ 防止 某人或某物做某事

keep sb./sth. from doing sth.   阻止/ 防止某人或某物做某事

5、And some animals are in danger of disappearing completely.

= And some animals are in danger of dying out.    一些动物濒临灭绝。

in danger of ( doing ) sth.   处于做某事的危险中

They are in danger of losing their lives.

9. You may either take a bus or a taxi. 你们可能搭公车去或者是搭出租车去。

  a) either…or… “要么…要么…; 或者…或者…” 并列连词,连接主语时,根据就近原则。如：

You may come either today or tomorrow. 你要么今天来，要么明天来。

We can either sing or dance. 我们可以唱歌或跳舞。 Either you or he is right. 要么你对，要么他对。

either 单独使用时，是代词，表“二者之一”既可指人也可指物；用作主语时，谓语动词用作单数。
如：A：would you like coffee or tea?  B: Either is OK

    Either of us is right. 我们俩中有一人是对的。

Topic 3

1、We should use both sides of paper, and reuse plastic bags rather than throw them away. 我们应该把纸的两面都使用，将塑料袋再次使用而不是轻易扔掉。

both 修饰复数名词；而 either 修饰单数名词； 如：
There are a lot of trees on both sides of the road.

= There are a lot of trees on either side of the road.  在路的两边有许多树。

rather than 表“（是）……而不是”;连词, 连接对等结构, 相当于instead of如:
I like coffee rather than tea. = I like coffee instead of tea. 我喜欢咖啡而不是茶.  

He likes listening to music rather than/ instead of singing. 他喜欢听音乐而不是唱歌.

2、Everyone is supposed to do it. be supposed to do sth.指（按规定、习惯、安排等）应当做某事；必须做某事；相当于should; 用于否定句时，表“允许”；

Teachers are supposed to/ should know a lot. 老师应该知道很多。

You are not supposed to smoke here. 这里不允许抽烟。

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重点易混词辨析

参加take part in/be in/ join in+活动  参加活动 take part in the long jump
join the school rowing club加入组织  

be/play for/against sth支持/反对某人 /某事

效力They both play for the Houston Rockets. 反义词play against对阵

2.  花费

人+spend some time/money on sth/in doing sth花费时间或者金钱在某事上/做某事

人+pay some money for sth

物+cost/ take help sb (to) do something=do sb. a favor=give sb a hand

3. 到达reach/ get to/arrive in/at+地点， in跟大地点，in Beijing,  at跟小地点 at home       arrive in Beijing,  arrive at Beijing airport

4. 著名be famous for  China is famous for the Great Wall. 因。。。而闻名

be famous as  Chongqing is famous as the Mountain City.称之为，美誉

5.  like (动词)喜欢    like介词像    feel like doing sth 喜欢做某事

look like看起来像 sound like听起来像 smell like闻起来像, taste like尝起来像. 6.  看look   look up a word in a dictionary查单词

look like看起来像, look the same（句末）look at看一看, look for寻找, look over检查, look after

7.  借  I can lend you some tapes of her songs.  主语借出

    We often borrow books from the library.  主语借进

Can I borrow your bike? =Can you lend me your bike?=Can you lend your bike to me?

8.  照顾动词care for the patients 照顾病人，名词take care of sb/oneself,

  形容词Be careful当心（反）careless

9.  猜测Collecting stamps must be great fun. 收集邮票想必很有趣。

  类似事实Collecting stamps is fun. 收集邮票很有趣.

10． 能够be able to+ 动词原形  can+动词原形

11.  close形容词They are close friends亲密的朋友. 动词Close the door.请关门  

   cover 名词盖子，动词覆盖

12. enough   have enough food/rice/money/books（enough+名词）

He is not tall（形容词）enough to reach the fan.=He is too short to reach the fan(够得着风扇). cold/warm/big/small + enough足够冷/暖/大/小

（形容词/副词+ enough）

13.  介词for 与to( 有不定式就用for, 无则用to)

Rainforests/Plants and animals are important/ useful/ necessary to us.

Water is important to us. Water is very important for us to live.

Water is necessary to us. It’s necessary for us to learn English.

be helpful in doing sth 在某方面有帮助,   be helpful to do sth

14、live 动词居住，第三人称单数lives   

living （形容词）活的 living things 生物    life 名词，生命， 复数lives

15、keep him active/healthy, keep the classroom clean（ keep sb.+ 形容词）

keep me waiting so long, keep trying keep (sb.) doing sth.（让某人）一直做某事

keep sb. doing sth.

16.  help sb with sth在某方面帮助某人= help sb ( to ) do sth

  help名词with the help of Jane = with Jane’s help 反义词without one’s help

17.  plan名词the plans for this year/next week

动词How do you plan to celebrate it?=How are you going to celebrate it?

exciting, excited, interesting, interested, tiring, tired
( 修饰事物用ing, 形容人用ed )

The movie was very exciting. People are excited.    an exciting movie

The stories are very interesting. He is very interested in it.    an interesting story

The job is tiring.  She is very tired of it.  You have a tiring job.

19. change my clothes换我的衣服, 名词 need a change , great changes

let me out/in（副词）让我出去/进来，let me sing/cry（动词）让我唱/哭

20.  （介词词组）  代替 instead of+n./pron.宾格/Ving代替，而不是

   instead 副词，可以单独使用位于句首和句末做状语

（动词词组）  take the place of +名词/代词

I’ll give the talk instead of him.= I’ll take the place of him to give the talk.