2013年中考英语形容词、副词总复习

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形容词、副词
(一) 知识概要
形容词的用法很活跃，在英语中用处也很多，但英语中修饰可数名词和不可数名词的修饰语和词组有时不同，要特别加以注意。下面将初中学习阶段中遇到的修饰可数名词的词和词组归纳如下：many, no, several, some, a few, a lot, lots, plenty, plenty of, a lot of, a large number of, enough。而修饰不可数名词的词或词组如下：much, no, some, a lot, a great deal, lots, plenty, a lot of, plenty of。其中some, no, a lot of, plenty of既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。英语中形容词与副词有原级、比较级、最高级之分，其规则如下：
构词法 原 级 比较级 最高级  加er，或est Tall
young    taller
younger
tallest
youngest

只加r或st nice
large
nicer
larger
nicest
largest

重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音 字母时双写该字母加er、est big
fat
hot
bigger
fatter
hotter

biggest
fattest
hottest

不规则变化的形容词或副词：
原 级 比较级 最高级
good better best
Well better best
bad worse worst
badly worse worst
many more most
most more most
little less lest
far farther
further
farthest
furthest

old older
elder
oldest
eldest

要注意的是许多形容词同时又是副词，如：back, all, alone, either, far, high, slow等。而有些形容词则要经过一定变化才能转为副词，其规律如下：
构词法 形容词 副 词
一般加ly Careful
kind
carefully
kindly

尾是y时将y变成i加ly Happy
busy
easy
Happily
busily
easily

其 他 true
terrible
full
possible
shy
whole
truly
terribly
fully
possibly
shyly
wholly

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［析］ sometimes 有时，sometime 某一时刻，some time 一段时间， some times 若干次
36 My sister said she would try to speak ＿＿＿ English every day.
A. a little B. a few
C. litttle D. few 
［答案］ A. 
［析］ little修饰不可数名词，而a little意为"一些，一点"。
37 I have ＿＿＿ friends here and I often visit them.
A. few B. little
C. a few D. a little 
［答案］ C. 
［析］ a few意为"有些"，few后面要加可数名词复数。
38 Of all these books, do you think, which one is ＿＿＿ ?
A. interesting B. much interesting
C. more interesting D. the most interesting 
［答案］ D. 
［析］ Of all these books 是用来表示最高级的范围

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［析］ 这里应填入副词，而careless是由care加less后辍得来的，less意为"没有"，是否定之意，如：careless-不小心，homeless-无家可归。而carefully为副词。
28 They can't answer the question in Japanese; we can't answer it, ＿＿＿ .A. also B. too
C. either D. neither 
［答案］ C. 
29 - How are your parents?
- They are very ＿＿＿ , thank you.
A. good B. kind
C. well D. happy 
［答案］ C. 
［析］ 由问句得知其询问的是身体如何，所以well作为身体状况不错时应视为形容词。30 Peter runs ＿＿＿ in our class.
A. the fast B. faster
C. fastest D. most fast 
［答案］ C. 
［析］ 副词的最高级前可以加定冠词，也可以不加定冠词。
31 We were all ＿＿＿ glad that we sang and danced.
A. such B. so
C. very D. quite 
［答案］ B. 
［析］ 在so与that之间只有形容词时不可用such。
32 Kate sings ＿＿＿ Joan.
A. as well as B. as good as
C. so good as D. as better as 
［答案］ A. 
［析］ 这里well为副词，意为"唱得好"。
33 This egg smells ＿＿＿ , though it looks all right.
A. good B. well
C. bad D badly 
［答案］ C. 
［析］ smell为系动词，其后应加形容词，而不是副词。同样的词，还有sound， feel, seem、become(变成)等等，如：Ice feels cold in winter.
34 Wait a minute, I have ＿＿＿ to tell you.
A. something interested B. something interesting
C. interesting something D. anything interesting 
［答案］ B. 
［析］ 修饰不定代词的修饰词要放在不定代词之后。
35 I shall visit you ＿＿＿ next year.
A. sometimes B. sometime
C. some time D. some times 
［答案］ B. 

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［答案］ C. 
［析］ 在否定句中也应用either, 而不要用too，因too用于肯定句中。
16 Jim is ＿＿＿ at all his lessons. And I'm sure he'll do very ＿＿＿ in the exams.
A. well, good B. good, well
C. well, well D. good, good 
［答案］ B. 
［析］ good为形容词，如：He is good. 他是个好人。而well作为身体状况的好坏讲时是形容词，如：He is well为他身体不错，而作为其他意思时为副词，如：He speaks English well.
17 You look ＿＿＿ than before， why?
A. more thin B. more thinner
C. much more thin D. much thinner 
［答案］ D. 
［析］ 多音节形容词才用more或most加形容词来表示其比较级或最高级，而thin的比较级为thinner。
18 Let's go out for supper now. I'm very ＿＿＿ .
A. hungry B. angry
C. tired D. thirsty 
［答案］ A. 
［析］ hungry-饿，angry-生气，tired-紧，疲劳，thirsty-口渴。要注意名词的词义。
19 - Can you understand me?
- Sorry, I can ＿＿＿ understand you.
A. hardly B. almost
C. even D. ever 
［答案］ A. 
［析］ hardly为一否定词，用在句中时应被看作是否定句。在答语中Sorry决定了其意为"听不明白"，所以只能选 hardly。
20 "＿＿＿ do you write to your penfriend?"
"About twice a month."
A. How often B. How soon
C. How much D. How long 
［答案］ A. 
［析］ how often用来提问某一动作经多久就要发生一次，也就是提问发生的频率。how soon是问从现在起还有多久。
21 Changjiang River is ＿＿＿ river in China 
A. long B. longer
C. longest D. the longest 
［答案］ D. 
22 I'll work ＿＿＿ I can.
A. so hardly as B. so hard as
C. as hardly as D. as hard as 
［答案］ D. 
［析］ hard可用作形容词和副词，如：The desk was made of hard wood 又如：It is raining hard。 而 hardly 是副词，其词义是"几乎不"，如：Hardly did I sleep last night. 我昨晚几乎没有睡觉。而且hardly用于句首时要采用倒装语序。as…as即可以用于肯定句，也可以用于否定句，但so…as则只能用于否定句中。
23 It is very ＿＿＿ to listen to him.
A. interested B. interesting
C. interested in D. interest 
［答案］ B. 
［析］ interest作为名词有两个词义，①兴趣，②银行中所讲的利息。而其形容词 interesting是"使人感兴趣的"，而interested是"感兴趣的"如：He is interested in English.
24 Things are ＿＿＿ worse than I thought.
A. more B. few
C. very D. much 
［答案］ D. 
［析］ 只有much可以修饰比较级。
25 It is one o'clock, but her father hasn't come back ＿＿＿ .
A. already B. still
C. too D. yet 
［答案］ D. 
［析］ 完成时的否定句尾要用yet， 而already则用于肯定句。
26 Comrade Chen is ＿＿＿ older than I. 
A. very B. more
C. much D. quite 
［答案］ C. 
［析］ 只有much可以修饰比较级。可以修饰比较级的词还有much, far, even a little, by far等。
27 She did her homework ＿＿＿ .
A. carefully B. careful
C. care D. careless 
［答案］ A. 

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1 I think Chinese is ＿＿＿ than maths.
Ａ. interesting B more interesting
C. most interesting D. the most interesting 
［答案］ B. 
［析］ 在有than作比较的句子中应用形容词的比较级。
2 - What does Lucy like better, singing or dancing?
- Singing. of course. She's known to ＿＿＿ it.
A. be good at B. be good for
C. be bad at D. be bad for 
［答案］ A. 
［析］ be good at为固定搭配，意为"擅长作某事"。初中英语中有些这样的固定用法应记牢，而不能似是而非。如：be good at, be bad at, be poor in, be week in, be fit for
3 The Huang He River is one of ＿＿＿ in China.
A. The long river B. the longest river
C. the longest rivers D. the longer river 
［答案］ C. 
［析］ 在one of + 定冠词+最高级之后的名词应用复数形式。
4 The girl was ＿＿＿ afraid ＿＿＿ she threw her bag away.
A. so, that B. too, to C. too, that D. enough, to 
［答案］ A. 
［析］ so…that为"如此怎样以至于如何"，此句意思是：小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑掉了。而too…to的意思为"如何如何，以至于不能作某事"。但to的后面是动词原形，而不是从句。
5 It was ＿＿＿ yesterday than today.
A. hot B. hoter
C. hotter D. the hottest 
［答案］ C. 
［析］ 用than表达比较的句中应用比较级 。
6 Which subject do you like ＿＿＿ , English Chinese or maths?
A. best B. well
C. better D. good 
［答案］ A. 
［析］ 在两者之间应用比较级，而在三者之间或三者以上用最高级。
7 None of the students watched it ＿＿＿ .
A. careful enough B. enough carefully
C. carefully enough D. enough careful 
［答案］ C. 
［析］ 首先应判定是选用用来修饰名词的形容词还是用来修饰动词的副词。这里是修饰watch这一动词，应选用副词。当enough用来修饰副词或形容词时应放于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。
8 ＿＿＿ she eats, ＿＿＿ she'll be.
A. More…fat B. The more…fatter
C. More…the fatter D. The more…the fatter 
［答案］ D. 
［析］ the+比较级表示"越来越……"本句应译为：她吃得越多，她就会越胖。
9 I don't think English is ＿＿＿ Chinese.
A. as important as B. not important as
C. not so important D. important as 
［答案］ A. 
［析］ think+宾语从句时，应采用否定主句的形式，如：中文讲，"我认为你不对"，英文应为："我不认为你对"。 I don't think you are right. 所以不能选答案B。而C、D均为不正确的表达法。
10 Miss Gao is a good English teacher. The students in her class ＿＿＿ English.A. are interested in B. are interesting in
C. are interested at D. are interesting to 
［答案］ A. 
［析］ 过去分词常用来修饰人，而现在分词常用来修饰物，如：an interesting book， 实际上过去分词含有被动之意，如：interested 其含意是"被……所吸引，感动"。而interesting 则为"使人感兴趣的"，如：an interesting man 一个有趣、风趣的人。
11 The twins are together most of the time. So they never feel ＿＿＿ .
A. alone B. lonely
C. happily D. friendly 
［答案］ B. 
［析］ alone意为"独自的，一个人的"，它只能作表语不能作定语。I am not alone in doing such a thing.而lonely 意为"寂寞的，孤单的"，如：The old man felt lonely. 要体会两个词的区别，如：The old man lived alone, but he didn't feel lonely.
12 What a ＿＿＿ cough! You seem ＿＿＿ ill.
A. terrible, terribly B. terribly, terrible
C. terrible, terrible D. terribly, terribly 
［答案］ A. 
［析］ terrible是形容词，而terribly是副词，第一个空是修饰名词的，所以应填入形容词。第二个空ill是形容词，这里terribly 是用来修饰ill的。
13 The two friends were ＿＿＿ pleased to see each other that they forgot everything. A. so B. too
C. very D. much 
［答案］ A. 
［析］ 这里用的是so…that的固定搭配。
14 Which is ＿＿＿ , Li Lei's box or Han Meimei's box?
A. heavy B. heavier
C. more heavier D. the heaviest 
［答案］ B. 
［析］ 两者之间用比较级，三者或以上用最高级。
15 You don't like the same colours and I don't like them, ＿＿＿ .
A. too B. also
C. either D. neither 

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［析］ 在肯定的答语中我们可以用so来代替上句所讲的事件，如：Do you think she is a good student? Yes I think so, /I hope so, /I believe so/ I'm afraid so.但在否定的答语中，英语口语的习惯用法则有所不同，如，I don't think so 而在hope, belive 与 afraid后则常用not， 如：I hope not.
［误］ She didn't work enough hard, so she couldn't pass the exam.
［正］ She didn't work hard enough, so she couldn't pass the exam.
［析］ enough 可以作名词用，如：Enough has been said for how to learn English well. (对于如何学好英语已经讲的足够多了。)另外它可以作为形容词，如：I have enough money (or money enough) to buy this dictionary. 注意 enough作为形容词时即可放于名词前又可放于名词后，在初中范围的考题中多用于名词之前。如果enough 作为副词用，那么它一定要放在被修饰的形容词或副词之后。
［误］ You can't be very careful.
［正］ You can't be too careful.
［析］ 此句话的含意是你如何小心也不过分。too…to的用法是"太……以至于不能作某事"。但在实际应用时也常常将后面的to省去，如：It is too expensive for me.那对我来讲是太贵了。
［误］ He is good past fifty.
［正］ He is well past fifty.
［析］ well 作为副词用时除用于"好"之外还有"大大地、远远地"，等意。往往有人对下面两句的对或错有争议；
He is well.
He is good.
其实这两句都是正确的表达法，只不过其含意不同。He is well是"他身体不错"，而He is good 则为"他是个好人"。
［误］ She is not as half clever as her brother.
［正］ She is not half as clever as her brother.
［析］ 在as…as结构中要将修饰形容词的数量词倍数及nearly, almost, exactly… 等置于第一个as之前。
［误］ He is same age as Tom.
［正］ He is the same age as Tom.
［析］ the same…as是固定的用法，其中定冠词the是不可省也不能换成别的词的。
［误］ Mother and her daughter are exactly like.
［正］ Mother and her daughter are exactly alike.
* like 作为介词，其意为"像"，应用于 look like, be like, sound like, 其后要加宾语。而 alike 是形容词，或副词，如: You and I think alike. The twins are dressed alike。 但 alike 仅作表语而不能用于名词前作定语。
［误］ Who is taller of the two?
［正］ Who is the taller of the two?
［析］ 两者的比较级之前要加定冠词。
［误］ I have less books than Tom.
［正］ I have fewer books than Tom.
［析］ less 是 little的比较级，而fewer是few的比较级。less后应加不可数名词而fewer后是可数名词。
［误］ There are three girls in my group. The cleverer is Mary.
［正］ There are three girls in my group. The cleverest is Mary.
［析］ 在两者之间应用比较级，在三者之间或三者以上的范围内应用最高级。
［误］ The boy sat there as quiet as his sister.
［正］ The boy sat there as quietly as his sister.
［析］ as…as的用法要注意的是：①在其中间应加形容词或副词的原级，而不可加比较级，也有的语法书中称为同级比较。②要根据句意决定是加形容词还是副词，这要看它具体是修饰动词还是名词而定，如：He is as good as his friend.
［误］ The harder you study, and you can learn more.
［正］ The harder you study, the more you can learn.
［析］ 英文中如果要表达越来越怎样，在初中范围有两种表达法：①比较级+and+比较级。②定冠词+比较级……，如：The nights are getting longer and longer。 要注意的是多音节形容词的比较级前要加more，这样的用法是：more and more 加形容词，如：The girl is growing more and more beautiful.
［误］ Studying physics is not so interesting as to learn English.
［正］ Studying physics is not so interesting as learning English.
［析］ 在作比较时，英语一般要求对比的两部分结构应一致。如用动名词，应都用动名词，用不定式时则都用不定式。但有时在后一个不定式前的符号to可以省略。如：To repair the old one is as much expensive as (to) buy a new one.
［误］ The girl is more cleverer than the boy.
［正］ The girl is much more clever (much cleverer) than the boy.
［析］ clever有两个比较级：cleverer和more clever,要注意的是不能用比较级来修饰比较级。clever的两个比较级也各有不同之处，如用在两种不同性质的比较时多用more clever,如：He is more clever than honest. (他的聪明要远远超过其诚实。)
［析］ The boy is the tallest to the three.
［正］ The boy is the tallest of the three.
［析］ 最高级的范围要用of加复数形式或加集合名词。
［误］ This book is one of the most useful dictionary.
［正］ This book is one of the most useful dictionaries.
［析］ 在one of 后面最高级形容词后要加可数名词复数。
［误］ This dictionary is the much best one of the EnglishChinese dictionaries.
［正］ This dictionary is much the best one of the EnglishChinese dictionaries.
［析］ 在修饰最高级时应用 far/by far/much 加the加最高级。但very例外，如：He is the very best player in the team.
［误］ Shanghai is bigger than any other cities in China.
［正］ Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.
［析］ 在比较级中表示比较对象时如用any other其后一般要加单数名词。
［误］ Most of stories in this book are written in English.
［正］ Most of the stories in this book are written in English.
［正］ Most stories in this book are written in English.
［析］ "大多数"一词的表达法有most of the +名词，或most+名词。当用前一种结构时，其后面的定冠词不可少。
［误］ The temperature of that room is higher than this room.
［正］ The temperature of that room is higher than that of this room.
［析］ 比较级用于两句话之间时，比较的部分不可省略掉，但为了避免重复，一般都要用that代替前面的单数名词，而用those代替前面的复数名词，如：The books in that box are bigger than those in this box。
［误］ He is no more here. Maybe he is at home.
［正］ He is no longer here. Maybe he is at home.
［析］ no more在现代英语中多译为："从此再也不会了"，如：His voice is no more here. 他已经去世了，他的声音不可能再出现了。而用no longer 表达目前的状态。要注意下面几组句子的实际含意：This room is no cleaner than that one.即两间屋子都不干净。(两者都不干净) This room is not cleaner than that one,即这屋子不如那间干净。(前者不如后者干净。即一间干净，一间不干净。)
(三) 例题解析

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［析］ 表示一定长度的时间的副词不应放于句中，可放于句尾。如果表示强调则可放于句首。
［误］ You have few new books, haven't you?
［正］ you have few new books, have you?
［析］ 英语中的数量形容词有两组。修饰可数名词的有few(很少，几乎没有)，a few(有一些，几个)；修饰不可数名词的有little (很少，几乎没有)，a little(有一点，有一些)。要注意的是当few和little用于句中时应看作否定句，而 a few 和a little 用于句中时则应看作是肯定句。
［误］ He spent quite little money on his food.
［正］ He spent quite a little money on his food.
［析］ quite a 为一固定用法，其意为"十分，相当，所以"。 quite a few＝many, quite a little＝much 而only a little＝little, only a few=few.
［误］ Do you want to have many bread?
［正］ Do you want to have some bread?
［析］ some与any都可以用作形容词、副词或代词，在一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于疑问句和否定句，但在希望得到肯定答复时，应用some。 其次是some 可以用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词。
［误］ Please tell me where the shoes shop is?
［正］ Please tell me where the shoe shop is.
［析］ 在用名词作修饰词来修饰另一名词时，这个作修饰词的名词应用单数形式，如：
a shoe shop 鞋店
a fruit shop 水果店
a book shop 书店
a post office 邮局
a police station 警察局
a bus stop 汽车站
［误］ He is weak at physics.
［正］ He is weak in physics.
［析］ 在表达擅长于作某事时用be good at something, 而其反意词为be bad at something， 但be weak in something。
［误］ This dictionary is worth to buy.
［正］ This dictionary is worth buying.
［析］ be worth 后可接动、名词表达值得作某事，又可接价格、金钱表示值多少钱。
［误］ Don't afraid of that.
［正］ Don't be afraid of that.
［析］ afraid 在英文中是形容词而不是动词。这样的词组还有：
be afraid of 害怕 be careful of 小心
be certain of 有把握，确定 be sure of 确信
be glad of 高兴 be sick of 厌恶
be fond of 喜欢
［误］ The work has already been done well.
［正］ The work has already been well done.
［析］ well 与badly作副词时，表示好坏，如果句子是被动语态，则应放在过去分词之前，如：This machine has been badly damaged. 如果句子是主动语态，则应放于句末，如：I did my homework well.
［误］ We are yet in the classroom now.
［正］ We are already in the classroom now.
［析］ already主要用于肯定句，而yet多用于否定句和疑问句中，如：
Did you finish it? No. not yet.
［误］ Look. Here comes he!
［正］ Look! Here he comes!
［误］ Look! Here the bus comes!
［正］ Look! Here comes the bus!
［析］ 在句子开头用Here时，如主语是人称代词则不要用倒装语序，如果主语是名词则要用倒装语序。
［误］ She is my older sister.
［正］ She is my elder sister.
［析］ elder 和eldest是用来指家庭中兄弟姐妹的长幼关系，而older, oldest 则是指岁数大多少，如：She is three years older than I.
［误］ I'm tired. I can't go further.
［正］ I'm tired. I can't go farther.
［析］ far有两个比较级 farther 较远的，further 进一步的，如：Do you need any further explanation? 你需要进一步的解释吗?当然它也有两个最高级。farthest和furthest.
［误］ I went to Beijing University five years before.
［正］ I went to Beijing University five years ago.
［析］ ago常与过去时连用，而before则多与完成时连用。
［误］ - Have you finished your homework?
- No, not already. 
［正］ - Have you finished your homework?
- No, not yet. 
［析］ 仍然有三个英文字可以表达它们是already， yet 与 still。 要注意的是 already经常用于肯定句中，如The bus has already gone。 而yet 多用于疑问句和否定句中，如：Have you finished your homework yet? 而still则常用于主语与谓语动词之间，如：We still can't decide what to do. 但也有时用于be 动词之后，如：He is still here.
［误］ He is very higher than I am.
［正］ He is much higher than I am.
［析］ much可以用来修饰比较级，而very则用来修饰形容词原级，如：I'm very tired.
［误］ - Can I walk to the station?- You'd better not. It is very far. 
［正］ - Can I walk to the station?
- You'd better not, It is a long way. 
［析］ for一般用在疑问句与否定句中，如：How far is it from here to the station? 又如：It isn't far.
［误］ I've ever been to America.
［正］ I've been to America once.
［析］ once 多用于肯定句，而ever则用于疑问句，否定句，及条件状语从句中，如：Have you ever been to London?
［误］ - Could you pass the exam this time?
- No, I am not afraid so. 
［正］ - Could you pass the exam this time?
- No, I'm afraid not. 