知识加油站－词汇语法

与你同行

Unit 6 语法：定语从句（一）



教学资源分社





本单元语法为定语从句：在复合句中，修饰其名词或代词的从句叫定语从语。定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的先行词之后，引导定语从句的有关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose和关系副词when，where，why。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定于从句，在初中，我们主要学习限制性定语从句。



限制性定语从句与主句的关系十分密切，如果去掉，意思就不够完整，别人就会产生歧义。作宾语的关系代词可以省略。



关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose的用法。



1．that在定语从句中既可指人也可指物，即可作主语又可作宾语，例如：



I like music that is quiet and gentle.

（指物，作主语）

Who's the man that is reading over there?

（指人，作主语）

Have you returned the book (that) you borrowed last week?

（指物，做宾语，可省略）

The girl (that) you saw just now is my cousin.

（指人，作宾语，可省略）



2．which在宾语从句中只指物，作主语或宾语，例如：



The book which is on the desk is mine.

（指物，作主语）

The news which he told me is really exciting.

（指物，作宾语，可省略）



3.  who在定语从句中只指人，作主语，也可以代替whom作宾语，例如：



Do you know the scientist who gave us a talk yesterday?

（指人，作主语，可用that代替）

The boy who broke the window is called Jim.

（指人，作主语，可用that代替）

This is the man (who) they were talking about just now.

（指人，作宾语，可用whom或that代替，也可以省略）



4. whom在定语从句中只指人，做宾语，可用who或that代替，但后边的介词提前时，只用whom，也可以省略，例如：



Do you know the man (whom/who/that) the teacher is talking to?

= Do you know the man to whom the teacher is talking?

She is the person (whom/who/that) you should turn to for help.

= She is the person to whom you should turn for help.



5.        whose在定语从句中作定语，既可指人又可指物，例如：



This is the girl whose pronunciation is the best in our class.

The old man lives in the room whose window faces south.

lspjy

重点句型  



刘莉



假期计划



What are you think for vacation?     I am visiting my aunt.

What is she doing for vacation?      She is going hiking.

What are they doing for vacation?    They are going to the beach.



何时动身



When are you going?      I am going on the 12th.

When is he heaving?      He is leaving on Tuesday.

When are they going?     They are going next week.



日程安排



How long is he staying?      Just for four days.

How is the weather there?     It’s beautiful, sunny and warm.

Who are you going with?      I’m going with my parents.



祝福语



Have a good time.  祝你玩得开心！

Have a pleasant trip. / Have a good journey.  祝你旅途顺利！



难点句型



1. This time I want to do something different.



这一次我想做点儿不同的事情。

形容词different修饰不定代词something要后置。



2. I know there are many people there who speak French.



我知道那里有很多说法语的人。

who speak French 是定语从句修饰中心词people。

lspjy

重点短语  



刘莉



get back to school  回到学校   



at home  在家



how long  多久   



sports camp  运动野营



think about  考虑   



the Great Lakes  五大湖



a no-stress vacation  一个没有压力的假期



rent videos  租录像带

lspjy

单词与表达  



刘莉



babysit  v.  临时照顾（婴儿），其现在分词形式是babysitting。如：


---- What’s she doing for vacation?

假期她打算干什么？

---- She’s babysitting her little cousin.

她打算照顾她的小堂妹。



get  v.  它可以构成很多动词短语：


get up  起床    get on the bus  上车

get off  下车    get to  到达

get back  回来    get along/on well  相处融洽；进展顺利



go  v.  它构成的动词短语有：


go to school  去上学    go to work  去上班

go to Shanghai  去上海    go to the beach  去海滩

go home  回家    go to the cinema  去看电影

go swimming  去游泳    go fishing  去钓鱼

go sightseeing  去游戏    go bike riding  骑自行车旅行

go camping  去野营    go hiking  徒步旅行



rent


1）n. 租金

pay a high(low) rent for a house

付昂贵（低廉）的房租



2）v.  租用，出租

rent a house from sb  向某人租房子

The apartment rents at (for) $1000 a mouth.

这套公寓每月租金100美元。



plan


1）n.  计划

We are talking about our vacation plans.

我们在谈论我们的假期计划。



2）v.  计划，打算；其现在分词形式是planning。

They are planning to start our next week.

他们打算下星期出发。



take  v.  其现在分词形式是taking，常用的短语：


take a walk  散步    take a vacation  度假

take off  脱掉    take away  拿走

take out  拿出    take it easy  别着急



decide  v.  决定


1）decide to do sth  决定做某事

She decided to buy a new computer.

她决定买一台新电脑。



2）decide on  决定

She decided on a blue T-shirt.

（购买时）她选定了一件蓝色的T恤衫。

He thought about going to Greece, but finally decided on Canada.

他原考虑去希腊，后来决定去加拿大。



forget  v.  忘记


The beautiful countryside will help me forget all my problems.

美丽的乡村会帮我忘记所有的烦恼。

forget to do sth  忘了去做某事

forget doing sth  忘了曾经做过的事

如：I forget to tell her about it.  

我忘了告诉她这件事了。（没告诉）

I forgot telling her about it.

我忘记了曾经把这事告诉过她。（告诉了）



return  v.  归来，归还


return home  回家，回国

return the book to the library  把书还给图书馆

lspjy

语法

刘莉

Questions Answers Look! What are you doing for vacation? I’m visiting my grandmother. What’s she doing for vacation? She’s going camping. What’s = What is What are they doing for vacation? They are relaxing at home. When are you going? I’m going on Monday. When is he going? He’s going on the 12tth. When are they going? They’re going next week.

lspjy

重点句子



教学资源分社





   1.   ---- Can you come to my party?   你能来我的聚会吗？

---- Sure, I’d like to. 当然，我很愿意。

I’d like to = I would like to 表示“我愿意（做）……”

would like to do sth 愿意，想要做某事

如：I would like to taste this soup. 我想要尝尝这个汤。



2. ---- Can you come to his birthday party?   你想来他的生日聚会吗？

   ---- Sorry, I can’t. I have to study for a test. 对不起。我不能。我必须为考试做准备。

have to do sth 不得不，必须做某事

如：He can’t come here. He has to have a piano lesson.

他不能来这儿。他必须上钢琴课。



3. Thank you for your invitation to visit next week.

谢谢你邀请我下周来参观（拜访）。

Thank you for sth/Thanks for sth. 谢谢你某物（事）。

如：Thanks for your letter. 谢谢你的（回）信。

Thank you for doing sth. 谢谢你做某事。

如：Thanks for inviting me to your party.

谢谢你邀请我参加你的聚会。

lspjy

重点短语



教学资源分社





study for a test 为考试学习        have a piano lesson 上钢琴课



come to the party 来聚会          have to do 必须做



the whole day 一整天              this weekend 这个周末



another time 另一个时间           a birthday party 一个生日聚会



soccer practice 足球训练          the day after tomorrow 后天



try to do 尽力做某事              join sb 与某人一起



write soon 尽快回信               go to the concert 去音乐会



finish the geography project 完成地理作业



culture club 文化俱乐部