​人教版八年级下册unit8重点短语+section A+B+语法

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   【短语归纳】

一个满是宝藏的岛屿an island full of treasures

属于belong to

善待彼此be kind to each other

迫不及待地做某事can’t wait to do sth.

开始意识到come to realize

对……做研究do research on sth.

自从那时起ever since then

做完某事finish doing sth.

赶快；急忙hurry up

去过某地have been to sp.

没什么事情可做have nothing to do

有时间做某事have time to do sth

学会做某事learn to do sth.

遗留、留下leave behind

使某人做某事make sb. do sth.

在第25页on page 25

跑向某地run towards sp.

科幻小说science fiction

在国外学习study abroad

互相信任trust one another

大自然的美the beauty of nature

写关于…的内容write about

        【section A考点归纳】

...she can’t wait to read them!

① wait for sb./sth.“等待某人或者某事”

We’re waiting for the result of the exam.我们正在等待着考试结果。

② wait to do sth.“等待做某事”

All the passengers are waiting to get on the bus.所有乘客正等待着上公交车。

③ can’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”

The children can’t wait to rush out after the class is over.

下课后，孩子们都迫不及待冲了出去。

The book report is due in two weeks.

(1)due用作形容词，表示“预期、定期”，通常只用作表语。

When is the train due to arrive in Beijing?

这趟火车什么时候到达北京？

(2)“in+一段时间”意为“多久之后”，常与一般将来时连用。

We’ll be back in an hour.我们将会在一小时后回来。

Who else is on my island?

else此处是副词，意为“另外地、其它”，常置于疑问词或不定代词之后。

What else do you want? 你还想要什么？

【拓展】辨析else和other

else是副词，修饰疑问词或者不定代词，置于之后；

other作形容词，修饰名词，置于之前。

Who else goes with us?还有别人和我们一起吗？

What other things can you see?你还能看见别的东西吗？

Oliver Twist is about a boy who goes out to sea and finds an island full of treasures.

full作形容词，表示“满的、充满的、饱的、完全的”

be full of意为“充满……”，相当于be filled with。

The room is full of people,房间里装装满了人。

It is about four sisters growing up.

grow up表示“长大、成长”。

I want to be a football player when I grow up.

You should hurry up.

hurry up意为“赶快、急忙”

in a hurry表示“匆忙地、很快地”。

Hurry up, or you will be late for school.快点，不然你就要上学迟到了。

They went home in a hurry. 他们匆匆赶回了家。

How long have they been there?

how long用来询问时间，表示“多长时间”，通常用for或者since来回答。

---How long does it take to finish your homework?

---For about 30 minutes.

完成作业花费了你多长时间？  大约30分钟

A piece of land in the middle of the sea .

in the middle of表示“在……中间”，可以指时间或者空间。

Jo was standing in the middle of the room.

Signs left behind by someone or something.

leave behind表示“遗留、留下”。

She doesn’t want to leave anything behind.

她什么都不想留下。

Have you at least read the back of the book to see what it’s about?

see此处表示“明白、理解、意识到”，后接宾语从句。

I can’t see why he is unhappy.我无法理解他为什么不高兴。

One of them died but the other ran towards my house.

towards用作介词，表示“朝、向”。

When I met him,he was walking towards the town.当我遇见他的时候，他正朝镇里走去。

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【语法归纳】

一、现在完成时的定义：

① 表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

② 表示从过去开始一直持续到现在, 也许还会继续下去的动作或状态。

二、现在完成时的构成

现在完成时是由“助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词”构成。

助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。

它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。

过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。

例句：

He has already finished his homework. 他已经做完作业了。

He hasn't finished his homework yet. 他还没有做完作业。

---Has he finished his homework yet? 他已经做完作业了吗？

---Yes, he has./ No, he hasn't. 是的，做完了。/不，还没有。

三、现在完成时的用法

① 表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

---Would you like some bread? 你想要一些面包吗？

---No, thanks. I have had my breakfast. 不，谢谢，我已经吃过早饭了。

（对现在的影响：不饿）

---Why don't you drive to your office? 你为什么不开车去办公室啊？

---Because my car has broken. 因为我的车坏了。

（对现在的影响：车没办法开了）

② 表示从过去开始一直持续到现在, 也许还会继续下去的动作或状态。

He has studied English for 6 years. 他已经学习英语六年了。

Mary has been busy since she came back from Hangzhou.

自从从杭州回来，玛丽一直在忙。

四、常和现在完成时连用的时间状语

① 用副词already和yet。

already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。

We have already finished our homework. 我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业。

② 用ever “曾经”和never“从未”。它们多用于否定或疑问句中。

Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？

I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。

③ 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语

如just, before, up to now, so far, until now, in the past few years等。

I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.

我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。

He has been there three times in the last few days.

近几年他去过那里三次了。

④ 用for+一段时间，since+时间点。

I've lived here for 15 years. 我已经在这里住十五年了。

I've lived here since 15 years ago. 自从十五年前我就住在这里了。

Mr. Green has worked here since he came to China.

自从来到中国，格林先生一直在这里工作。

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【section B考点归纳】

...such as the importance of money and success, but not about belonging to a group.

belong to意为“属于、归属”，后接名词或者人称代词宾格作宾语。

This bike belongs to my sister.这辆自行车属于我妹妹。

She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them.

(1) come to do sth.意为“渐渐……、终于……”，常与realize, know, like, understand等连用。

It took me one year to get to know him.逐渐了解他花费了我一年时间。

(2)actually表示“事实上”，相当于in a fact或者as a matter of fact。

Actually, I don’t think I want to go out tonight.

事实上，我觉的我今天晚上并不想出去。

Sarah hasn’t been to Nashville yet, but it is her dream to go there one day.

(1) “have/ has been to +地点名词”表示“去过某地”，表示某人的一种经历，说话时已不在那个地方，常和once, twice, never, ever等连用。当地点为副词时，则要省掉to。

---Where have you been？你去哪儿了？

---I’ve been to the post office. 我去邮局了。（人已不在邮局）

Have you ever been to Shanghai?---你曾去过上海吗？

No,I have never been there.---没有，我从来没有去过那儿。

【拓展】

“have/has gone to+地点名词”表示“去了某地”，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的路上、已在某地或在回来的路上，所以此句型常用于第三人称，不能与时间状语once, twice, never, ever等连用，也不能和for以及since构成的短语连用。

---Where is Simon? 西蒙在哪儿？

---He has gone to Australia with his family. 他和家人一起去澳大利亚了。

（人已不在这儿，在去澳大利亚的路上、已在澳大利亚或从澳大利亚返回的途中）

助记   

have/has been to, have/has gone to意不同，两者用法当分清。

have/has been to+地点，“曾经去过某地”行；

have/has gone to+地点，“已去某地”人无踪。

have/has been in +地点名词

表示“在某地待过（多久）”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。

例如：

Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经3天了。

We have been in China since 5 years ago. 我们自从5年前就来中国了。

How long have you been in New York? 你在纽约多久了？

(2) 辨析：some day 与one day

some day	指“将来的某一天”，常用于将来时	I hope I can be a teacher some day.
one day	可以表示“将来的某一天”，作此意讲时，可与some day互换； 另外它还可表示“某一天”（常用于故事的开头），常与过去时连用	We want to visit the moon one day/some day. One day, a thief was caught stealing in the shop.

Have you introduced this singer/writer to others?

introduce...to...表示“把……介绍给……”。

Tom introduced his good friend, Nancy, to me at his birthday party.

在汤姆的生日聚会上，他把最好的朋友介绍给了我

I hope to see him sing live one day!

live此处用作副词，表示“现场直播、现场演出”。

TFBOYS is playing live in Shanghai tonight.

TFBOYS今晚会在上海现场表演。

The Toms must be popular.

must此处表示“一定、肯定”，表示肯定的推测，否定推测用can't be“一定不”。

Sam must be nearly 90 years old now.Sam如今一定快九十了。

However, country music brings us back to the good old days when people were kind to each other and trusted one another.

one another意为“互相”，相当于each other。

Our sons are different from each other.我们的儿子相互之间不一样。