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​人教版八年级下册unit7重点短语+section A+B+语法

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楼主
发表于 2021-3-11 13:02:31 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |正序浏览 |阅读模式
    【重点短语】

据我所知as far as I know

其他任何一座山any other mountain

实现某人的梦想achieve one’s dream

出生时at birth

处于危险之中be in danger

砍伐森林cut down the forests

虽然;尽管even though

每两年every two years

濒危动物endangered animals

随意地做某事feel free to do sth.

大熊猫越来越少fewer and fewer pandas

摔倒fall over

放弃做某事give up doing sth.

面对…in the face of

最古老的国家之一one of the oldest countries

最....的....之一   one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数

在所有的咸水湖中of all the salt lakes

保护....使不受;防御protect....from/against+doing

绵延run along

兴奋地跑过去run over with excitement

最高的山脉the highest mountain

呼吸空气take in air

…的重要性the importance of

有某人/物正在做某There be sb/sth doing.....

撞到某人walk into sb.

世界上最....的....是什么?What’s the+形容词最高级+名词 in the world?
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地板
 楼主| 发表于 2021-3-11 13:03:13 | 只看该作者
【语法归纳】
(一)基数词
I. 基数词的构成。
基数词1-12是独立的单词。
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
基数词13-19是在个位数后面加-teen构成
其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen是不规则变化。
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
整十的基数词20-90是在个位数词后面加-ty构成
其中twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty是不规则变化。
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
非整十基数词21-99是在十位数后面加上个位数构成,中间加上连字符“-”。
twenty-one, seventy-six, eighty-eight
三位数以上的基数词,百位数和十位数之间用and连接。
two hundred and one, three thousand five hundred and fourteen
英语中没有“万”和“亿”这两个单位,在表示“万”和“亿”时,把“万”念成10个千,“十万”念成100个千,“亿”念成100个百万……以此类推。
10,000:ten thousand
100,000: a hundred thousand
100,000,000: a hundred million
35, 845: thirty-five thousand, eight hundred and forty-five
II. hundred, thousand, million 和billion的用法。
hundred, thousand, million和billion等表示确切数字时,只用其单数形式;
但是在表示不确切数字时,要用其复数形式,并且与of连用,表示约数。
形式如下:
确数:基数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion+pl.
约数:hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+pl.
There are more than three thousand students in our school.
一年有三百多天。
Thousands of tress are cut down every year.
每年都有成千上万的树被砍倒。
III. 基数词表示编号
例如:
Lesson Five (the fifth lesson) 第五课  
Room 306  306房间   
Page Twelve (the twelfth page) 第十二页   
Class One, Grade Six 六年级一班
(二)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
① 形容词比较级的变化规则。
I. 规则变化
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词+er/est
short
shorter
shortest
cold
colder
coldest
以不发音e结尾的词+r/st
wide
wider
widest
large
larger
largest
单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写末尾辅音字母+er/est
big
bigger
biggest
hot
hotter
hottest
以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i+er/est
heavy
heavier
heaviest
busy
busier
busiest
多音节词在前面+more/most
important
more important
most important
beautiful
more beautiful
most beautiful
II. 不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/badly/ill
worse
worst
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
② 形容词比较级用法。
I. 比较级用于两者进行比较,结构为“A is 比较级 than B”。
Our house is much older than theirs.我们的房子比他们的旧的多。
He works even harder than before. 他工作比以前更努力了。
II. 表示两者之间选择,用“which/who is 比较级,A or B?”表示“两者之间较……之一”时,用“the + 比较级”结构。
Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth?
哪个离太阳更近,月球还是地球?
He is the fatter of the two. 他是两人中较胖的那个。
III.“越来越……”用“比较级and 比较级”结构,多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more 原级”。
The environment is becoming cleaner and cleaner . 环境越来越干净了。
This is becoming more and more important. 这变得越来越重要了。
IV. 表示“越……越……”时,用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。
The more careful you are, the more points you will get. 你越细心,得分越多。
③ 形容词最高级用法。
I. 表示三者及以上人或物进行比较时用最高级,结构为“the + 最高级+in/of + 范围”。
The picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有画中最好的。
She is the most beautiful girl in the class. 她是班上最美的女孩。
II. 表示在三者及以上之间选择,用“which/who is the+最高级,A, B or C?”。
Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill? 汤姆、凯特、比尔,谁最高?
III. 表示“最……之一”用“one of the最高级+可数名词复数”。
She is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 她是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。
IV. 形容词最高级前面加序数词,表示“第几……”。
She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我班上第二高的女孩。
V. 比较级和最高级之间的互换。
He is taller than any other boy in our class.
= He is taller than the other boys in our class.
= He is the tallest boy in our class.
注意比较以下两个句子:
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.(范围之内)
= Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan.(范围之外)

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板凳
 楼主| 发表于 2021-3-11 13:02:56 | 只看该作者
【section B考点归纳】

At birth, a baby panda is about...

at birth表示“出生时”。

The baby weighed three kilos at birth.

这个婴儿出生时重3千克。

At 9:00 a.m., they find that most of the babies are already awake and hungry.  

awake用作形容词,表示“醒着的”,反义词是asleep。

Is the baby asleep or awake?孩子睡了还是醒着?

This elephant weighs many times more than this panda.

“倍数+比较级+than”表示“比……大/多多少倍”。

The room looks three times bigger than that one.

这个房间看起来是那个的三倍大

Another 300 or so live in zoos or research centers in China and other countries.

or so意为“大约”,放在数量词后面,表示大约的概念。

There are 30 workers or so in the factory. 这个工厂有大约三十名工人。

Panda keepers are preparing milk for the baby pandas’ breakfast.  

① prepare for sth.“为……做准备”

They are preparing for the party tonight.

② prepare...for...“为……准备……”

We should prepare some sweets for Children’s Day.

③ be prepared for“为……作准备”

The players are well prepared for the match.

A panda can live up to...

up to表示“达到(某种数量或者程度)”

The theatre can hold up to 500 people.这个影院能容纳达500人

【拓展】be up to sb.“由某人决定”

You can leave today or tomorrow. It is up to you.

你可以今天或明天离开,看你。

weighs 5,0000 kilos

weigh此处作动词,表示“有……重”,名词是weight。

The baby weighed about 5 kilometres.

What is his weight?
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沙发
 楼主| 发表于 2021-3-11 13:02:43 | 只看该作者
【section A考点归纳】

The spirit these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. achieve用作动词,表示“达到、完成、成功”。以人作主语

I believe you will achieve your dream in the end.我相信你最终会实现梦想。

注意:come true也是“实现”,但其主语为“梦想、计划”等物。

I believe your dream will come true in the end.

As far as I know, there are no other man-made objects as big as this.

as far as I know意为“就我所知、我认为”,相当于as far as I am concerned。

As far as I know, he’ll be away for three months.

就我所知,他将离开三个月。

Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.

any other意为“其他任何一个”,后接可数名词单数,常用于比较级结构中,表示最高级含义,可与“the other+可数名词复数”或者the others互换。

Peter runs faster than any other student/the other students/the others in his class.

彼得比班上任何学生跑得都快。

One of the main reasons is that people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. (1)challenge意为“挑战、考验”,challenge sb. to (do) sth.表示“向…某人挑战做某事”。

He challenged me to play chess.他向我挑战下棋。

(2)in the face意为“面对(问题或者困难)”

They showed courage in the face of danger.他们临危不惧。

1,025 meters deep.

英语中常见的长宽高的表达方式为:

基数词+单位词+形容词(long, wide, high, deep)。

The rope is two meters long.这条绳子两米长。

Why do so many people try to climb this mountain even though it is dangerous.  

even though意为“即使、虽然”,相当于even if,引导让步状语从句。

Even though Frank left school at 16, he still became a successful writer.

尽管弗朗克16岁就辍学了,他仍然成为了一名成功作家。

Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms.

include表示“包含、包括”,强调一个整体里面包含一些部分

including常用作介词,表示“包括”。

The book includes eight units.这本书包含八个单元

He has many friends, including Tom.他有许多朋友,包括汤姆

One of the world’s most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the most popular places for this is the Himalayas.

“one of+the+形容词最高级+复数可数名词”指在某一个范围内“最……之一”

作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

Mary is one of the best students in our class.玛丽是我们班上最好的学生之一。

China has the biggest population in the world.

population表示“人口”,是集合名词

对人口数量提问时,用what而不用how many/much

population若作主语,强调整体概念时,谓语用单数形式;强调个体时,谓语用复数形式。

What’s the population in China now?中国现在的人口是多少?

The population of this small town is three thousand.这座小镇的人口是三千。

More than one fifth of the population of the country are over 60 years old.

这个国家超过三分之一的人口都是60多岁的。

The main reason was to protect their part of the country.

protect表示“保护”时,常用的结构为:protect...from...“保护……免受……”。

Humans should do something to protect the environment.

人类应该做一些事情来保护环境。

The sunglasses will protect you from sunshine.

太阳镜会保护你免受阳光伤害。

The first Chinese team did so in 1960, while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975.

succeed表示“成功”,常用的结构为:succeed to do sth.或者succeed in doing sth.“成功做成某事”。

The climbers succeeded to get to the top of the mountain in the end.

=The climbers succeeded in getting to the top of the mountain in the end.

这些攀登者最终成功登顶。

about 9,600,000 square kilometres in size .

square用作形容词,表示“平方的”,用于数字后面表示面积。

Our new house is 95 square metres in size.我们的新房子九十平米。

It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.

take in意为“吸收”。

Do you know how plants take in water?你知道植物时如何吸收水分的吗?
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