​人教版八年级下册unit5重点短语+section A+B+语法

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     【短语归纳】

在…的时候at the time of

首先；最初at first

拍打…beat against …

使……分离break … apart

在路边by the side of the road

逐渐变弱；逐渐消失die down

进人梦乡；睡着fall asleep

（闹钟）响铃go off

对……有意义have meaning to

一团糟in a mess

历史上的重大事件important events in history

沉默；无声in silence

确信；确认make sure

错过公交车miss the bus

在某人去……的路上make one’s way to …

最近地；新近more recently

接（电话）pick up

记得做过某事remember doing sth.

洗热水澡take a hot shower

拆除；摧毁take down

实话说to tell the truth

其余的，其他的the rest of

醒来wake up

走路经过walk by

       【section A考点归纳】

Although the storm broke many things apart, it brought families and neighbors closer together.

break...apart意为“把……折断；把……分开”。

The strong wind broke the branches apart.

Rumors broke the two close friends apart.

Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.

(1)beat用作动词，表示“敲打、拍打”，还可以表示“战胜、打败”，宾语是对手。

They beat drums to cheer up the players.

I beat her at swimming yesterday.

(2)against用作介词，表示“碰、撞”。

The rain beat against the windows.

【拓展】

against用作介词，还可以表示“倚着、靠着”或者“反对”。

The worker put the leader against the wall.

We were rowing against the current.

They are against building a factory here.

He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m.  

die down意为“逐渐变弱、逐渐消失”。

The wind finally died down.

I called again at eight and you didn’t answer then either.

also, too, as well与either都可以表示“也”，但是用法不同。

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【section B考点归纳】

I didn’t believe him at first, but then I looked out of the window and realized that it was true.

at first意为“起初、起先”，多用于句首或者句尾，暗示与后来的动作或者情况不同，与at last“最后、最终”相对。

The work was hard at first, but I got used to it later.

I was so scared that I could hardly think clearly after that.

hardly用作副词，表示“几乎不、几乎没有”。

注意与hard区分，hard作形容词时意为“坚硬的，困难的”，作副词时意为“努力地，刻苦地”，两词虽形近，但是意义上几乎无关联。

She hardly ate anything today.

There is hardly any milk left in the ridge.

When the school basketball competition started, Kate was still making her way to school.

make one’s way to意为“前往……”，后接表示地点的名词。

We slowly made our way to the mall through the crowd.

我们慢慢地穿过人群前往商场。

Robert Allen is now over 50, but he was a school pupil at that time.

over此处表示“超过、多于”，相当于more than。

She stayed in Lagos for over a month.

He is over sixty.

We were eating dinner in the kitchen when we heard the news on the radio.

on the radio表示“通过广播、通过录音机”，on此处用作介词，表示“借助、以某种方式”，后常接表示媒介的名词。

She is watching the show on TV.

My parents did not talk after that, and we finished the rest of our dinner in silence.

(1)in silence意为“沉默、无声”。

She stood by the window in silence for a long time.

她静静地站在窗边好久。

(2) rest此处表示“其余的部分”，the rest of意为“其余的…、其它……”，后可接可数名词后者不可数名词，当在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与of后面的名词保持一致。

若of后面的名词是单数可数名词或者不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式；

若of后面的名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式。

The rest of the money is on the desk.剩余的钱在桌子上

Some of the students are reading in the classroom and the rest of them are on the playground.

一些学生在教室里读书，其余的在操场上。

Kate realized her bag was still at home.

realize用作及物动词，意为“理解、领会、意识到”，后接名词、代词或者从句作宾语。

He didn’t realize his mistake.他还没有意识到他的错误。

The man laughed when he realized what happened.

当这个人意识到发生了什么时，他大笑起来。

More recently, most Americans remember what they were doing when the World Trade Center in New York was taken down by terrorists.

(1)recently用作副词，意为“近来、最近”，常与现在完成时连用。

Have you called your mother recently?你最近给妈妈打电话了么？

(2)take down意为“拆除、拆掉”，还可以表示“写下、记下”。

Could you please help me take down this tent?

可以帮我把帐篷拆下来吗？

I forgot to take down his telephone number.

我忘了记下他的电话号码了。

Kate didn’t think her friend was telling the truth about the event.

truth用作名词，表示“实情、事实”，to tell the truth表示“说实话”，放在句中作插入语，用逗号同句子其它成分隔开。

I must tell you the truth.我必须要告诉你实情。

             【语法归纳】

过去进行时

1. 基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外, 一般用时间状语来表示。

2. 结构 was / were ( not ) + 动词-ing

3. 句式

肯定式：

I/He/She/It was working. We/You/They/ were working.

否定式:

I/He/She/It was not working.

We/You/They/ were not working.

疑问式和简略回答:

--Was I working? Yes, you were. No, you were not.

--Were you working? Yes, I was. No, I was not.

--Was he/she/it working? Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it was not.

--Were we/you/they working? Yes, you/we/they were. No, you/we/they were not.

注：

1) was not常缩略为wasn’t; were not常缩略为weren’t。

2) 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较: 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态, 而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。

例如:

David wrote a letter to his friend last night.

大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。)

David was writing a letter to his friend last night.

大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。)

4.过去进行时中的when和while

when, while 区别：

1) 由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；

由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。

When the teacher came in, we were talking.

当此句改变主从句的位置时

则为： While we were talking, the teacher came in.

2)如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。

如：

They were singing while we were dancing.

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also	放在句中行为动词前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后。	He also wants to go.
too	用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开。	He wants to go, either.
as well	用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗号隔开。	He wants to go as well.
either	用于否定句句末。	He doesn’t want to go either

My alarm didn’t go off so...

go off此处表示“发出响声”，还可以表示“爆炸、离开、停止运转”。

The alarm went off at 7 a.m. yesterday.

A bomb went off just now.

Danny decided go off on his own.

Ben’s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working.

make sure意为“确保”，后接of短语或者that从句。

I tried to make sure of the problem.

Make sure that no one finds out about it.

She also put some candles and matches on the table.

match此处用作名词，表示“火柴”。

Don’t let your children play with matches.

【拓展】

match用作名词还可以表示“比赛”，用作动词，意为“般配”。

Our team won the football game.

This pair of shoes match your dress well.

I called at seven and you didn’t pick up.

pick up意为“接电话”，相当于answer the phone。

Why don’t you pick up/answer the phone?

【拓展】

pick up还可以表示“捡起、开车接送”。

My pen is under your desk. Can you pick it up for me?

Can you pick me up at the station?

What were you doing yesterday at the time of the rainstorm?

此句是过去进行时，表示过去某个时候正在发生的动作，结构为：was/were doing sth.。

They were watching TV at nine o’clock last night.

With no light outside, it felt like midnight. (P. 35)

(1) with这里用作介词，表示伴随状况，意为“由于、因为”。

With John away, there’s more room in the house.

(2)feel like表示“感觉像、感觉好似”

The interview only took ten minutes, but it felt like hours.

【拓展】

feel like还可以表示“想要”，后接动词时，用doing的形式，相当于“would like to do”。

He didn’t feel like going swimming.

When he woke up, the sun was rising.  

(1) wake sb. up意为“把某人唤醒”，wake up意为“醒来”。

His mother often wakes him up at 6:00 in the morning.

I usually wake up at 6:30.

(2) rise(rose, risen, rising)不及物动词，意为“升起，上升”

辨析：rise与raise

rise	不及物动词	意为“升起，上升”	The water in the river rose after the heavy rain. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
raise	及物动词	意为“提高，筹集，抬高，举起”	The worker want the boss to raise their wages（工资）. The teacher asks us to raise our hands if we have questions. We should try our best to raise more money for the poor family.