人教版英语八年下学期 Unit2考点重点知识点作文整理

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Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.

本单元考点,重点两个：一.动词短语

二.动词不定式的用法

一.动词短语：

动词之后加介词或副词构成短语,表达一种特定的含义称为动词短语,被拆开,则不能表特定含义。要把这些习惯看作一个整体。

(一)由同一动词组成的短语

1.give 构成的短语

  give out 分发 give away 赠送 give up 放弃 give back 归还

2.put 构成的短语

  put off 推迟 put up 张贴 put away 放好 put out 扑灭

(二)介词或副词相同的短语

1.含有up的短语

  cheer up使振作 put up张贴 clean up清扫give up放弃 call up打电话 fix up修理

come up with 想出 cut up 切割 set up 用完 look up 查找,查阅 grow up 长大

2.含有out 的短语

  hand out= give out 分发 put out 扑灭 help out 帮助摆脱困境 look out 当心

  run out of 用完 find out 找出 work out 算出,计算出,奏效

3.含有off 的短语

  put off 延期 take off 脱下,起飞 get off 下车 turn off 关掉

4.含有after 的短语

  take after 长得像 look after 照顾 run after 追赶

二.动词不定式：

动词不定式结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to不是介词,是动词不定式符号。

1.作主语：It is +adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是……

it 做形式主语 to do sth.做真正的主语

It is important for students to use English every day.

对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。

2.作表语：常用于be 动词后面

  My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。

3.作宾语：放在一些动词后面用作宾语,能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。

  I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。

4.作宾语补足语：表示宾语所做的动作。

可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：

(1) tell, ask, want, would like, wish, like, invite, help, teach sb. to do sth. 等

I want you to go now. 我想让你现在就走。

(2) let, make, have, see, watch, notice, feel, hear sb. do sth.等

The boy made the baby cry. 男孩弄哭了这个小孩。

(3) 动词不定式的否定式,是直接在“to”之前加not, 省略 “to”的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not。

Tell them not to play football in the street. 告诉他们不要在街道上踢足球。

Let the boy not go.让那个男孩别走。

5.作定语：常用来修饰名词或不定代词,放于所修饰的词后,为后置定语。

(1) Who was the first one to arrive? 谁第一个到达的？

(2) She has no paper to write on.她没有纸写字。

6.作目的状语：常用在go, come, hurry 等不及物动词后,表目的。

(1) He went to see his sister yesterday. 他昨天去看他的妹妹了。

(2) They got up early to catch the early bus.他们早起来赶早班车。

7.不定式和疑问词连用,可以做句子的主语、宾语、表语等。

(1) No one knows how to do it. (宾语)没有人知道如何做这件事。

(2) When and where to have the party is not known.(主语)

何时何地举行联欢会还不知道。

三.重点知识点：

(P9)1. clean up 打扫(或清除)干净

2. offer help 提供帮助

  offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物

  offer to do sth. 主动提出干某事

  provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物

  give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 给某人某物

  supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb.为某人提供某物

3. volunteer    ①可数名词 “志愿者”   ②adj. 自愿的  ③vi. 志愿,自愿

  volunteer to do sth. 志愿(有义务)做某事 volunteer one’s time to do sth 自愿花时间干...

They are the Chinese People’s Volunteers. 他们是中国人民志愿军。

I volunteer to help you. 我自愿帮助你。

4. sick  adj. 生病的  作表语、定语  ill  adj. 生病的    作表语,不能作定语

5. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事    help him (to) study

  help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事    help him with English

  help do  帮助做某事     help study

6.cheer sb. up (使)变得更高兴;振奋=make…happier     cheer me up 使我高兴

cheer on 加油,打气

7. give out=hand out 分发;散发

8. after-school study program 课外学习项目

9. write down 写下,记下

(P10)10.City Park Clean-Up Day 城市公园清洁日  Clean-Up Day 清洁日

11.come up with 想出,提出   = think up/ of

  catch up with 赶上...追上...

12.put off 推迟;延迟  put off doing sth. 推迟;延迟做某事

13.make a plan 制订计划  plan to do 计划做某事   plan + 从句

  I plan to go to Beijing . = I plan (that) I will go to Beijing.我计划去北京。

14.put up 建造;举起;张贴

15. make some notices 做些公告牌

16. call up 打电话;召集 make a telephone call 打电话

17.an old people’s home 养老院,老人之家

18. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难

19.used to 曾经… 过去

20.how to care for animal如何照顾动物

21.care for 关心;照顾= take care of = look after  care about 关心,在意

22. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去)      some day 有一天(指将来) 如：

One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。Some day I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。

(P11)23.several hours each week 每周几小时

24.want to be an animal doctor成为兽医

25.future dream job未来梦想的职业

26.such a strong feeling of satisfaction一种极强的满足感

27.get better 变得更好

28.the look of joy愉快的表情

29.on one’s own face在某物主人的脸上

30. a book lover书迷;书籍爱好者

31.read by oneself自读

32.at the age of 4 在…四岁时 =when sb. was 4 years old

33. try out 试用;试行    try out for ...参加...选拔

34.see in their eyes 从他们的眼中看出

35.go on a different journey with each book 进行一本新书的不同之旅

36.come true 实现

37.at the same time在……的同时

38. work for 为…工作;为…. 效力

39.after-school reading program课外阅读项目

(P12)40.homeless adj. 无家可归的  

       a homeless boy一个无家可归的男孩   home  n.adv. 家

41.at least 至少

42. be worried about 对…担忧= worry about

43. make lots of money 赚许多钱

44. in one’s free time在某人空闲时间里

45. spend … doing 花费…做… I spent a day visiting . 我花了一天的时间去参观北京。

   spend… on sth.  花费…在… I spent 3 years on English.

46.for example 比如;例如

47. raise money for homeless people为无家可归的人筹钱;募捐

48.move to another place 搬到另外一个地方

49.one of the countries in Africa非洲国家之一

(P13)50.run out of ...用光,用尽...= don’t have any more of ...

51. take after 与......相像;像     在性格或长相方面与...相象

52. be similar to 与……相似

53. fix up 修理;修补;解决

54 give away 赠送;捐赠

(P14)55. set up 建立;设立

56. disabled people 残疾人    disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的   disable v. 不能

57.make it possible for sb. to do sth,使某人有可能做某事

58.make a difference to对…有影响

59.have difficulty (in) doing在做某事方面有困难

60.a friend of mine=one of my friends我的一个朋友

61.get a special trained dog获得一只经过特殊训练的狗

   train n. 火车      train  v.n. 训练   trainer  n.教练员

   train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事

   She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。

    special adj. 特别的    specially adv. 特意地,专门地,特别地   

62.be/get excited about sth/doing sth对某事（做某事）而感到激动

63. be able to 能够   be unable to do 不能,不会

64.be/feel lucky to do sth.幸运的做某事

65.give orders 发出指令

(P16)66. be interested in sth/doing sth对…感兴趣  

67. be good at…/do well in… 擅长…  be strong in …在…方面很强

68. help out as a volunteer  帮忙做一名志愿者

69. be free to do sth 有空做某事

70.work out fine 产生良好的效果

  work out  v. + adj.

  ①结局，结果为

The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。

  ②算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等）

  He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。

  He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。

  I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用

71. set up a call-in center for parents为家长开通了一部热线

72. put up some signs asking for old bikes 张贴一些标志来求购旧自行车

【小结】I.短语动词

1.动词+副词 如:clean up 打扫 turn on/off/up/down 打开/关掉/调高/调低 cheer up 使变得高兴 hand out/give out 分发,散发 give away 赠送 wake up 醒来 put off 推迟 put up 张贴,张挂 put away 收好,放好 mix up 混合 look up 查找 pick up 捡起 make up 虚构,编造(故事,谎言等) eat up 吃光 use up 用完。

   这种结构有时相当于及物动词,如果其宾语是代词,就必须放在动词和副词之间,如果是名词,则既可插在动词和副词之间,也可放在短语动词后。

2. 动词+介词 如：listen to 听 look at 看 belong to 属于look for寻找care for 照顾,非常喜欢think about 考虑 这种结构相当于及物动词,后面跟宾语。

3. 动词+副词+介词 如：come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完，耗尽

  4. 动词+名词(介词) 如：take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住

II.巧记接动词不定式作宾语的动词

三个希望(hope, wish, expect)两需要(want, need)，设法(try)同意(agree)作准备(prepare),

开始(start, begin)计划(plan)莫忘记(forget),记着(remember)决定(decide)能学会(learn）

  不定式作宾语补足语时,宾语与不定式构成复合宾语,宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。常用此结构的有advise/ ask /want/tell/ allow/ encourage/ invite/ would like/ expect/ need/ wish sb. to do sth.

感官动词如feel, see, hear, watch, notice, listen to, look at 等以及使役动词make, have, let 等在跟不定式作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to：

记牢宾补不带to，一感、二听要仔细。三让四看记心间，半个帮助最相宜。

(一感:feel; 二听:hear, listen to; 三让:let, make, have; 四看:see, watch, look at, notice; 半个帮助:help,可带to也可不带)

四.书面表达：

假如你叫李华，市第三中学初三的学生。星期天你和班里的同学去康乐敬老院(old folk’s home) 参加了社区活动。请根据下面的图画的提示词语，用英语写一篇100词左右的日记。可合理想象，适当发挥。

提示词语：take the school bus, greet sb warmly, be pleased with sb, have lunch together



Sunday                                 Fine

Today, we took the school bus to Kang Le old folk’s home. The old people greeted us warmly and they were very pleased to see us. We helped them do a lot of things in the old folk’s home. We s wept the floor for them, we cleaned the windows and we also cleaned the desk. Some girls danced for them and we enjoyed ourselves that day. Finally, we had lunch together with the old people and the dishes were very delicious. As the students in Grade Nine in No.3 Middle School, we like the activity very much. And I think it’s our duty to help the old people, do you think so?