人教版八年级上Unit2知识点学案

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  Unit 2 How often do you exercise?

Section A

1.hardly adv.“几乎不；几乎没有”的用法

hardly为否定副词，一般位于行为动词前，be动词、助动词、情态动词后，常用来修饰表示能力的词。

eg:She could hardly see anything.

注：在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分含有hardly,never,few,little等否定词时，则句子为否定句，变成反意疑问句时，要用肯定形式来反问。

eg:He hardly has any money left,does he?

练习：

(  )1.He can hardly swim,______ ?

A.isn’t he  B.doesn’t he  C.can’t he  D.can he

(  )2.Maybe I have heard of the story before,but I can _____ remember it.

A.easily  B.really  C.mostly  D.hardly

(  )3.I _____ drink milk.I dislike it at all.

A.hardly ever  B.always  C.often  D.sometimes

(  )4.There is hardly any milk in the bottle,_______ ?

A.is there  B.isn’t there  C.is it  D.isn’t it

(  )5.I like English very much,so I _____ read English in the morning.

A.usually  B.hardly ever  C.never  D.don’t

(  )6.It’s raining _____ ,so he can _____ walk any more.

A.hard;hard  B.hardly;hardly  C.hard;hardly  D.hardly;hard

2.ever adv.“在任何时候；在某时；从来；曾经”的用法

⑴意为“在任何时候；在某时；从来”时，通常用于否定句、疑问句、比较结构或与if连用的句子中。

eg:①Nothing ever happens here.

  ②It was raining harder than ever.

  ③If you’re ever in Wuhan,come and see me.

⑵意为“曾经”时，常用在疑问句中的完成时态。

eg:Have you ever been to New York City?

短语：

   for ever(=forever)永远

练习：

(  )1.He was tired that he could _____ keep his eyes open.

A.ever  B.never  C.hardly  D.almost

(  )2.I like English very much,so I _____ listen to the tape in the morning.

A.usually  B.hardly ever  C.never  D.hardly

(  )3.My grandpa ____ goes to the hospital.He’s always in good health.

A.sometimes  B.ever  C.never  D.usually

(  )4.David was so excited at the good news that he could _____ say a word.

A.nearly  B.hard  C.ever  D.hardly

2.maybe adv.“大概；或许；可能”常位于句首，也可置于句中。

eg:I think maybe you’re right.

区别：maybe,may be

⑴maybe为副词，在句中作状语。

⑵may be为动词短语，在句中谓语，意为“可能是”。

eg:①She may be a teacher.

  ②Maybe she is a teacher.

练习：

(  )1.She _____ at home now.A.may  B.may be  C.may is  D.maybe

(  )2.It’s past the appointed(约定的)time._____ he isn’t coming.A.Maybe  B.May be  C.Can be  D.Must be

(  )3.—Is this blue bag yours?     —No._____ it is ______ .She has a blue bag.

A.Maybe;Jane’s  B.May be;Jane  C.Maybe;Jane  D.May be;Jane’s

3.频率副词的用

区别：always;usually;often;sometimes;hardly;never

⑴always“一直；总是”(=all the time)表示动作或状态从来没有间断过。100%。

⑵usually“通常”很少有例外。80%。

⑶often“常常”不如usually那么频繁。60%。

⑷sometimes“有时”表示动作偶尔发生。位置较灵活。40%。

⑸hardly“几乎不；几乎没有”20%。

⑹never“从来不；从来没有”0%。

练习：

(  )1.—Zhang Lili,”the most beautiful teacher”,has moved us deeply.

     —Yes,and she is _____ popular with her students.A.sometimes  B.never  C.always  D.hardly

(  )2.I usually go to school on foot.I _____ ride my bike to school.A.never  B.always  C.sometimes  D.often

(  )3.I like playing soccer very much,so I ___ play it after school.A.hardly  B.hardly ever  C.never  D.usually

(  )4.The sun _____ rises in the east and sets in the west.A.usually  B.often  C.hardly ever  D.always

(  )5.He always gets up at five o’clock.He’s _____ late.A.usually  B.often  C.never  D.sometimes

4.on weekends(=on the weekend)“在周末”为固定短语，常用于一般现在时。

区别：on,in,at表示时间

⑴on表示在某(些)天或某(些)天的某个时候，如某天的上午、下午、晚上等。

egn June 1st;on Monday morning

⑵in表示在一段时间之内。也可用于习惯表达，泛指一天的上午、下午或晚上。

eg:in August;in the morning

⑶at表示某一具体时刻，也可表示多少岁，还可用在某些表示时间的固定短语中。

eg:at nine o’clock;at 12 (years old);at noon

练习：

(  )1.—Look!There are so many people in the park.     —Nobody likes to stay at home _____ Sunday morning.

A.in  B.on  C.at  D.to

(  )2.He always does his homework ______ Sunday morning.A.in  B.on  C.at  D.for

(  )3.What does Jim usually do _____ weekends?A.in  B.to  C.for  D.on

(  )4.—What does she do on _______ ?     —She often goes to the movies.

A.every week  B.a week  C.weekend  D.weekends

5.how短语的提问

⑴how often“多久一次”最频率副词提问。

⑵how soon“过多久；多久之后”对将来时间提问。

⑶how long“多长时间”对时间段或物体长度提问。

⑷how old“多大”对年龄提问。

⑸how many“多少”对可数名词复数的数量提问。

⑹how much“多少”对不可数名词数量提问。

练习：

(  )1.—_____ do you go for a trip with your family?     —About once a year.

A.How often  B.How soon  C.How much  D.How long

(  )2.—______ do you go to the movies?     —Once a month.

A.How long  B.How often  C.How soon  D.How much

(  )3.—How long are you going to stay there?

     —__________ .

A.In five days  B.For five days  C.Since five days ago  D.Five days ago

(  )4.—______ does your uncle play sports?     —Once a month.

A.How long  B.How soon  C.How many  D.How often

(  )5.—How many times have you been to Beijing?     —________ .

A.Third  B.Three times  C.Three times a week  D.A week three times

(  )6._____ milk do you drink?A.How many  B.How much  C.How often  D.How soon

6.How come?“怎么可能？”既可独立使用，也可接陈述语序的句子，用来询问事情的缘由或状况。

eg:①—I feel terrible.    —How come?

  ②How come Tom’s home?Isn’t she feeling well?

练习：

(  )1.—Lucy didn’t pass the exam.     —_______  She always works hard.

A.Come on.  B.Well done.  C.How come?  D.Why not?

7.What kind of+n.(不可数)/ns.(可复)？“什么样的……”常用来询问某物的种类或类型。

  a kind of一种……

  two kinds of两种……

  all kinds of各种各样的……

eg:What kind of sports do you like?

注：kind of“有点儿，有几分”后常接形容词。

eg:That made me feel kind of tired.

练习：

(  )1.There are all ______ books in the library.A.kind  B.kind of  C.kinds of  D.a kind

(  )2.—Why do you feel _____ nervous(紧张的)in the zoo?

     —Because there are many ______ dangerous animals in it.

A.kinds of;kind of  B.kind of;kinds of  C.kinds of;kinds of  D.kind of;kind of

(  )3.There are all _____ books in the library.A.kind  B.kind of  C.kinds of  D.a kind

8.help的用法

⑴作n时，[U]“帮助”[单]“帮手；帮忙者；有助益的事物”

eg:①Thank you for all your kind help.  ②Her advice is a great help.

⑵作动词时，“帮助”

               sb. (with sth.)帮助某人(做某事)

   help         (to)do sth.帮助做某事

               sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事

   can’t help to do不能帮忙做某事

   can’t help doing情不自禁做某事

eg:①I often help my mother with housework.(=I often help my mother to do housework.)

  ②She was coming to help clean the machine.

练习：

(  )1.Tom often helps Mary _____ the bike.

A.mends  B.mending  C.to mend  D.mended

(  )2.—What do you want to be?

     —An actor.But my parents _____ me to be a doctors.

A.help  B.want  C.make  D.have

(  )3.Ann often helps me _____ math after school.

A.for  B.with  C.on  D.by

(  )4.My teacher always helps me ___ my English.____ her help I have caught up with the class.

A.with;Under  B.with;With  C.of;Under  D.of;With

9.区别：sometimes,some times,sometime,some time

⑴sometimes“有时，不时”表示频率

⑵some times“几次”表示次数。

⑶sometime“(过去或将来的)某个时候”表示时间点。

⑷some time“一段时间”表示时间段，常与介词for连用。

eg:①I sometimes have to work late.

  ②I have called you up some times this morning.

  ③I’ll visit you sometime next month.

  ④I waited for Mary for some time.

练习：

(  )1.My mother _____ goes to work by taxi.

A.sometime  B.some time  C.sometimes  D.some times

(  )2.He _____ goes shopping with his wife.

A.sometime  B.sometimes  C.some time   D.some times

(  )3.Mary plays football every Sunday,______ a week.

A.once  B.twice  C.sometimes  D.every two days

Section B

1.health n.[n]“健康；人的身体(或精神)状态”的用法(—healthy adj“健康的”.—healthily adj“健康地”)

短语：

    be in good/poor health健康状况良好/不好

练习：

(  )1.You should eat _____ food and look after your ______ .

A.healthy;healthy  B.health;health  C.healthy;health  D.health;healthy

(  )2.Miss Liu is very ______ ,because she exercises every day.

A.health  B.healthy  C.unhealthy  D.unhealthily

(  )3.I think I’m kind of______ ,because I don’t look after my _____ .

A.healthy;health  B.unhealthy;health  C.unhealthy;healthy  D.healthy;healthy

2.percent n.“百分之……”的用法

结构为：基数词+percent of+n.“百分之几的……”作主语时，谓语动词的形式由of后的名词的单复数决定。

eg:Sixty percent of the children play computer games.

练习：

(  )1.Only fifty-five percent of the farmers here ______ illiterate(文盲的)twenty years ago.

A.are  B.was  C.were  D.is

3.mind的用法

⑴作名词时，为[C]，意为“头脑；心智”

eg:She has a quick mind.

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短语：

make up one’s mind(to do sth.)做出决定(做某事)

never mind没关系

change one’s mind改变主意

⑵作动词时，为vt.，意为“介意”，后接(doing)sth.或从句。

eg:①I wouldn’t mind a drink.

  ②I wouldn’t mind having a drink.

4.such adj.&pron.“这样的；那样的；类似的”的用法

常用来修饰名词，起强调作用。作定语时，要置于a/an之前；all,no,several,some,any等之后。另外，such as“例如”，表示举例，并且表示举例时，such和as可以分开使用，但它并不列举完全部例子。

eg:①They are rude.I can’t understand such people.

  ②She’s such a beautiful girl.

  ③There are no such things now.

区别：so……that与such……that“如此……以致于……”的区别

⑴二者都可引导结果状语从句。

⑵so为adv，such为adj。

⑶二者结构分别为：

   so+adj/adv原级+that

   so+adj+a/an+n(可单)+that                   such+a/an+adj+n(可单)+that

   so+many/few+ns(可复)+that                 such+adj+ns(可复) +that

   so+much/little(少的)+n(不可数)+that          such+adj+n(不可数)+that

（注：只修饰形容词、副词时，只可用so。

      修饰单数名词时，二者可以互换。

  修饰复数和不可数名词时，多多少少用so,不多不少用such.）

练习：

(  )1.There was _____ snake across the road just now.

A.so scary  B.such scary  C.so a scary  D.such a scary

(  )2.Jim wants to buy some fruits,such _____ apples,pears and bananas.

A.to  B.for  C.as  D.with

(  )3.It’s _____ nice dress that she can’t help stopping.

A.so  B.such  C.so a  D.such a

(  )4.He bought a lot of fruit,_____ apples and oranges.

A.such as  B.for example  C.same as  D.so as

(  )5.—Why do you speak in _____ a loud voice?

     —Because I want to make myself ______ clearly.

A.such;hear  B.so;heard  C.such;heard  D.so;hear

5.die v.“死亡；灭亡；消失”(—dead adj.“死的，无生命的”—death n.“死亡”)

die为短暂性动词，不可与一段时间连用。

短语：

die away逐渐减弱

die out消失；灭绝

die of/from死于；因……而死

die for...为……献出生命

eg:①Our love will never die.

  ②The cat died yesterday.

练习：

(  )1.He was born in 1874 and _____ in 1913.A.death  B.dead  C.died  D.die

6.almost adv.“几乎；差不多”

位置通常在实义动词前，系动词、助动词后；修饰形容词、副词时，通常位于被修饰词前。近义词为nearly。

eg:①It was almost midnight.

  ②The story is almost certainly true.

练习：

(  )1.—How often do you exercise?    —_____ ever.Because I am very busy with my work.

A.Nearly  B.Hardly  C.Almost  D.Always

7.none,no one的区别

㈠no one(=nobody)"没有人"，范围不确定；只可代人；不与of短语连用；回答Who提问。

㈡none"没有一个人"，范围确定；既可代人，又可代物；可与of短语连用；回答How many和How much提问。

练习：

(  )1._____ of the books is mine.A.None  B.No one  C.Both  D.All

(  )2.—Don’t be angry with your kid when he makes a mistake again,will you?

     —No,I won’t.I know that _____ of us are perfect after all.

A.none  B.neither  C.each  D.all

(  )3.______ wants to be laughed at.A.Either  B.Both  C.All  D.None

8.be good短语

                       at擅长……(=do well in)

                       to对……好(=be friendly/kind to)

         be good        for对……有益(=do good to)

                       with对……有办法；善于应付……的

练习：

(  )1.Doing morning exercises _________ our health.

A.is good at  B.are good at  C.is good for  D.is good with

(  )2.I know you are good _____ maths but I don't know what your brother is fond ______ ?

A.at;at  B.of;of  C.at;of  D.of;at

(  )3.Mother says eating more fruits are good _____ my health.A.with  B.at  C.for  D.to

(  )4.Enough sleep ____ health.If you stay up for your favorite TV programs,you will feel sleepy.

A.is good for  B.is good at  C.is good to  D.does well in

9.not...at all“一点也不；完全不”

eg:I don’t like at all.

练习：

(  )1.—Don’t be angry with your kid when he makes a mistake again,will you?

     —No,I won’t.I know that _____ of us are perfect after all.

A.none  B.neither  C.each  D.all

10.全倒装的用法（不借助于be动词，助动词，情态动词，且主语为名词）

  表示方位的副词here,there,in,out,up,down,away,off表示顺序的first,next或表示时间的now,then位于句首，且主语为名词时。

eg:①Here comes the bus.

  ②Now comes your turn.

  ③Out ran all the students.

  注：当主语为代词时，不用全倒装。

eg:Here you are.

练习：

(  )1.Hey,Nick.____comes the last bus!Hurry up,or we’ll have to walk home.A.This  B.There  C.That  D.It

(  )2.Here ____ in the classroom.A.are ten students  B.ten students are  C.ten students is  D.is ten students

11.result n.[C]“结果；后果”的用法

搭配：as a result of“因为；由于”

  as a result“结果……”

  with the result that...“结果……”

  the result of...“是……的结果”

eg:①Here are the results of your Chinese exam.

  ②I’m late as a result of the rain.

  ③Mary wasn’t at school last week,with the result that she missed the important test.

练习：

(  )1.Here _____ the results ______ the student activity survey.A.is;with  B.are;of  C.is;of  D.are;with

12.to介“……的”表示所属。

the way 路

the answer答案

the key钥匙                        to

the solution解决办法

the ticket票

the entrance入口

the identity身份

the approach方法

练习：

(  )1.It’s very nice of you to help me find the key _____ the door.A.of  B.for  C.to  D.on

(  )2.Here is the answer _____ your question.A.at  B.of  C.to  D.for

(  )3.Mr Smith always comes up ______ good solutions ________ our math problem.

A.with;to  B.with;of  C.at;to  D.of;of

(  )4.It’s very nice of you to help me find the key _____ the door.A.of  B.for  C.to  D.on

13.although连词“尽管；虽然；即使”的用法

不可与but,and,so等连用，但可与yet,still等词连用，且可与though换用。

eg:Although/Though he is not rich,(yet)he is happy.

练习：

(  )1.—You bought the car about ten years ago?     —Yes.______ it’s old,it still runs well.

A.Because  B.Since  C.Although  D.But

(  )2._____ he has little knowledge,the old worker has a lot of experience.A.Although  B.Because  C.If  D.As

(  )3.Maybe I’m not very healthy,_____ I have healthy habits.A.and  B.although  C.because  D.so

(  )4._____ he is young,_____ he is clever.A.Although;but  B.Although;/  C.Though;but  D.Because;so

14.however adv.“然而；不过”表示语意的转折，放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。

eg:①His father,however,did not agree.

  ②However,she has some bad habits.

练习：

(  )1.Mary is a good girl.______ ,she also has some bad habits.

A.But  B.However  C.And  D.So

(  )2.Li Hai studies very hard.______ ,he doesn’t do well in all his subjects very much.

A.However  B.But  C.And  D.So

(  )3.He was ill,_____ ,he still went to work.

A.but  B.because  C.so  D.however

15.more than“多于；超出”的用法(反义词为：less than“少于”)

搭配：

                       adj./adv.原级/分词(=very) “非常，很，十分”

        more than       数词(=over)  “超出，超过”

                        n “不止是”

eg:①I was more than (a little)pleased with his deeds.

注：more than one +n “不止一个”作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。

注：more than一般都放在所修饰成分的前面。

练习：

(  )1.She usually watches TV for___ three hours a day.It’s such a bad habit.

A.more B.less C.more than D.less than

(  )2.Your teacher looks so young.She doesn’t looks___30 years old.

A.more than B.less than  C.than  D.at least