词汇部分专项复习

wangluo

一、构词法

1．动词→名词

work→worker  　 invent→inventor　 teach→teacher　   sing→singer

visit→visitor   drive→driver      invent→invention  operate→operation

2．名词→名词

farm→farmer     police→policeman  French→Frenchman

3．名词→形容词

care→careful       use→useful

sun→sunny          cloud→cloudy     wind→windy    rain→rainy

America→American   China→Chinese

interest→interesting     difference→different      ice→icy

4．形容词→副词

quick→quickly      happy→happily

possible→possibly  true→truly

polite→politely    wide→widely

5．形容词→反义词

happy→unhappy      usual→unusual     able→unable

二、常用词、词组和短语的英语解释

例如：look after－take care of

right away－at once

right now－now

have a rest－take a rest

in the middle of－in the centre of

do well in－be good at

三、兼类词和多义词的词类及用法

例如：

1．right adj．正确的

I'm wrong．You are right．我错了你是对的。

adv．恰恰，正好

It's right on your head．它正好在你头上。

n．右边

Li Ming sits on my right．李明坐在我右边。

2．back n．背，后背，后部

adv．向后，回原处

Put your hands behind your back．（n．）把手放在背后。

He'll be back（adv．）in ten minutes．他十分钟后回来。

3．poor adj．贫穷的；可怜的；不好的

He was too poor to buy a new coat．他穷得买不起一件新外套。

The poor old man had no room to live in．这位可怜的老人没有地方住。

I'm poor at singing．我不擅于唱歌。

4．call v．称呼，取名；呼唤，叫来；大声说，叫喊

n．叫，喊 （一次）电话，通话

The boy was called Mingming．这个男孩被叫做明明。

You'd better call a doctor．你最好请位医生。

I hear someone calling．我听见有人在叫。

I heard a call for help．我听到呼救的声音。

I'll give you a call later．我以后再给你打电话。

四、同义词（近义词），反义词（对应词）的词类及用法

例如：

1．any和some

二者都有“一些”的意思，any多用于疑问句和否定句，some 多用于肯定句。但在表示请求、邀请、期待肯定答复的问句中，常用some代替any。

I can see some flowers in the garden．

I can't see any trees there．

Would you like some water?

2．borrow lend

borrow常和from搭配，表示“借来”“借入”

lend常与to搭配，表示“借给……”“借出”

──Will you please lend me your bike?

──Sorry, I've lent it to Tom．

──Thank you all the same．I'll borrow it from others．

3．take, bring, carry

take：将某物或某人带离说话人那里。bring则相反，是带到说话人处。例如：

Bring your book here tomorrow．

Could you take it to the classroom?

carry是随身携带，不表明来去的方向，如：

I can't carry the box．It's too heavy．

4．find, look for, find out

find意为“找到”，look for是“寻找”，find out 是“发现、查明（真相）”

I can't find my ticket．

I'm looking for it．

They are trying to find out who broke the window．

5．look, see, watch

look是“看”，经常和at搭配，look at　看……　如：Look at the picture．

see是“看见”。如：Can you see the picture?

watch是“观看”如：I was watching TV at ten yesterday．

6．other, the other, others, another

other可作为形容词，意为“其他的”如：What other things can you see?

要注意掌握one…the other的用法，表示（两者中的）一个…另一个，如：

I have two balls．One is red, the other is green．

others泛指另外的人或物。the others表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”，如：

Some students are playing basketball, （the）others are playing football．

another意为“另一个”。如：I want another apple．

7．speak, say, talk, tell

speak重在指人们对语言的掌握或使用。say强调说话的内容，talk指交谈或连续说话, 常与with或to搭配。tell意为告诉。如：

I can speak a little English．

He said he was going to be a teacher．

What are they talking about?

Can you tell me the way to the cinema?

8．too, also, either

too, also, either都表示“也”。too用在句末，只用于肯定句。also置于句中，也只用于肯定句。either通常置于句末，用于否定句。如：

I am a teacher, too．

She is also a teacher．

He isn't a teacher, either．

9．reach, arrive, get to

三者都表示到达。“get to +地点”多用于口语。reach是及物动词，后面直接加地点。arrive是不及物动词，要用介词in或at再加地点，较大地点用in，较小的地点用at, 如：

Have they arrived in Beijing?

They reached Beijing last night．

I get to school at seven every day．

10．cost, pay, spend

cost的主语只能是“物”，不能是人。spend一般是用人而不是用物做主语。cost表示“值（多少）钱”“花费”，spend表示“花费”“度过”。pay表示付款。

可以记住下列句型：

1）主语（物）＋cost＋sb．＋sth．

2）主语（人）＋spend＋...＋ in doing sth. / on sth.

3）pay与for连用，主语（人）＋pay for ...

请看例句：

I paid ten yuan for the book．

I spend ten yuan on the book．

The book cost me ten yuan．