GRAMMAR现在完成时的被动语态

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GRAMMAR现在完成时的被动语态
【例句呈现】 仔细阅读下列句子，注意观察它们的不同点。
1. A great number of survivors have been rescued by the soldiers since the big earthquake.
2. These topics have been talked about for a long time.
3. The lost vase has not been found yet.
4. Has his new novel been translated into French recently?
5. The sports meeting of our school has been put off because of bad weather.
6. —Why not go into the classroom?
—The door has been locked.
【归纳总结】
    1. 现在完成时的被动语态由“助动词have / has + been +过去分词”构成（句1～句6），has只用于第三人称单数（句3～句6）；其否定式是在has / have后加not（句3）；其疑问句形式是将has / have提前至句首（句4）；
    2. 现在完成时的被动语态可用来表示过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在，句中经常会有“since +具体时间”或“for +一段时间”等时间状语；现在完成时的被动语态还可用来表示被动的动作在过去发生或完成，但是对现在仍然有影响。
【辨析】 现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：
    现在完成时的被动语态和一般过去时的被动语态均表示过去发生的被动动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作对现在有影响，而一般过去时则侧重于动作发生在过去，不强调对现在造成的影响。如：
The gymnasium of our school was built five years ago.
A new gymnasium has been built in our school.
【注意】
    1. 非延续性动词或短语用现在完成时的被动语态表示状态时，可与表示时间段的状语连用。如：
The film has been put on at this cinema for four days.
The electricity has been cut off for two days in our city.
    2. 在时间、条件状语从句中，现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。如：
Once a promise has been made, it should not be broken.
【高考链接】 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. In the last few years thousands of films _____ all over the world.    (天津2011)
A. have produced   
B. have been produced
C. are producing  
D. are being produced
2. Experiments of this kind _____ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.                                      (北京2011)
A. have conducted        B. have been conducted   
C. had conducted          D. had been conducted
3. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _____ before leaving their hometowns.                        (福建2010)
A. promised                               B. were promised
C. have promised              D. have been promised
4. His sister left home in 1998, and _____ since.          (2009全国卷I)
A. had not been heard of  
B. has not been heard of
C. had not heard of  
D. has not heard of
5. I like these English songs and they _____ many times on the radio.   (安徽2008)
A. taught        B. have taught    C. are taught            D. have been taught
6. Though we don’t know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic _____. (陕西2008)
A. had changed    B. will change   C. was changed     D. has been changed
7. I got caught in the rain and my suit _____.            (北京2007)
A. has ruined      B. had ruined    C. has been ruined   D. had been ruined
Key:
【高考链接】 1-4 BDDB   5-7 DDC