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分词用法归纳
1. -ing分词概述
-ing分词的基本形式是由动词加-ing 构成,与动词的分词形式一致。
-ing分词的主要变化形式有一般式和完成式;一般式和完成式中又分别有主动形式及被动形式。详见下表:
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
2. -ing分词的意义
(1) -ing分词所表示的动作常与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如:
He used to stand there thinking. 他过去常站在那儿思考。
They held activities celebrating their culture. 他们举行活动来庆祝他们的文化。
(2) -ing分词若在suggest, insist等动词后或作结果状语时,表示的动作常发生在谓语动词的动作之后;
He suggested us practicing English every day. 他建议我们每天练习英语。
He insists on going with us together. 他坚持要跟我们一起去。
Her mother went away alone, leaving her crying there. 她母亲一个人走了,让她一个人在那儿哭。
(3) -ing分词若在forget, regret, remember等动词后或作时间状语时,表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如:
Can you still remember living there? 你还能记得在那里的生活情况吗?
I don’t regret helping him, though he is unkind to us. 尽管她对我们不友好,我对帮助他还是不后悔。
(4) -ing分词若在介词before, after之后,动作的先后依介词before, after的意义而定。如:
I often read some newspaper before getting to sleep. 我在入睡前常要看一看报纸。
(5) -ing分词表泛指意义的动作或状态时,没有时间意义。如:
Keeping on doing morning exercises is a good habit. 坚持做早操是一种好的习惯。
(6) -ing分词的完成式表示所发生的动作在谓语动词的动作之前。如:
Not having received her answer, he decided to write to her again. 由于没有收到她的回信,他决定再给她写封信(from www.yygrammar.com)。
(7) -ing分词的主动形式,表明逻辑主语所发出的动作;-ing分词的被动形式表明逻辑主语是动作的承受者。如:
Seeing from the top of the mountain, you will find the town very beautiful. 你从山顶上看,就会发现这座城市很美。
Seen from the top of the mountain, the town looks beautiful. 从山顶上看去,这座城市看起来很美。
(8) -ing分词的否定式是在-ing分词前面加否定词not。如:
Not knowing what to do, he went to ask the teacher for help. 由于不知道该怎么做,他去请求老师的帮助。
Not having made it clear, he went to ask the teacher about it again. 由于他没有弄明白,他又去向老师询问这件事。 |
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