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名词的单复数(复数构成法)
一、规则的复数形式
构成法:一个名词如果表示一个或一样东西,它取单数形式,如pen,dog,tree,fact,church,kiss.如果表示两个或更多这类东西,则需用名词的复数形式,如pens,dogs,trees,facts,churches,kisses.构成名词复数,大多数是在单数形式后加-s或-es,有下面几种情况:
1.在单数形式后直接加-s:
Girl girls; Hat hats;
Neck necks; Tree trees;
Pencil pencils;Kind kings.
2.如单数名词以s,x,sh,ch或z结尾,需在后面加-es:
Kiss kisses; Church churches;
Fox foxes; Match matches;
Tax taxes; Watch watches;
Dish dishes; Branch branches;
Brush brushes; buzz buzzes.
3.以y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-es:
Lady ladies; Army armies;
Baby babies;Story stories;
Soliloquy soliloquies;Colloquy colloquies.
如果y前还有一个元音字母,则直接加-s:
Day days; Key keys;
Boy boys; Monkey monkeys.
4.以o结尾的词,多数加-s:
Demo demos;Inferno infernos;
Kilo kilos;Tempo tempos;
Cello cellos;Memo memos;
Banjo banjos;Octavo octavos;
Piano pianos;Canto cantos;
Dynamo dynamos;Tobacco tobaccos;
Solo solos;Photo photos;
Cameo cameos;Ratio ratios.
以“元音字母+o”结尾的词,一概加-s:curios,rodeos,bamboos,tattoos,…
但有少数以o 结尾的词后需加-es:
echo,echoes;embargo,embargoes;jingo,jingoes;torpe- do;torpedoes;veto,vetoes;hero,heroes;negro,ne-groes;potato,potatoes;mosquito,mosquitoes;go,goes;no,noes;motto,mottoes.
其他以o结尾的词,一般既可加-s,也可加-es:
zero,zeros,zeroes;halo,halos,haloes;mango,mangos,mangoes.此外还有:motto;tornado;volcano;cargo;buffalo;commando.
5.以f或fe结尾的词,多数直接加-s:
Chief chiefs;Reef reefs;
Cliff cliffs;Cuff cuffs;
Roof roofs;Fife fifes;
Belief beliefs;Safe safes;
Gulf gulfs;Strife strifes.
但有几个名词,需变f为v,再加es:
Elf elves; leaf leaves;
Calf calves;Shelf shelves;
Loaf loaves;Half halves;
Life lives;Self selves;
Wife wives;Wolf wolves ;
Knife knives.
有个别名词,可加-s或-es:
Hoof hoofs,hooves;
Wharf wharfs,wharves;
Scarf scarfs,scarves;
Dwarf dwarfs,dwarves;
Beef beefs,beeves;
Staff staffs,staves. |
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