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Unit 10 You’re supposed to shake hands
SectionA
1.besupposed to do sth情态动词.“应该做某事；被期望做某事”含有应该或理应做某事之意。
eg:Weare all supposed to protect our environment.
练习：
( )1.To keep safe,everyone ______ to wear a seat belt in the car.
A.issupposed B.supposes C.supposed D.will supposed
( )2.Animals are our close friends.We’re supposed _____ them.
to protect B.protecting C.protect D.protected
( )3.I was supposed to _____ 8:00,but I was late.
arrive at B.reach at C.get at D.arrive in
( )4.I don’t suppose anyone can work out the problem,_______ ?
A.doI B.don’t I C.canthey D.can’t they
2.forthe first time“第一次”单独使用作状语。
eg:Wesaw him for the first time last year.
短语：
in time及时
on time准时
at any time随时
all the time一直；总是
at no time立即；马上
at the same time同时
at times有时候
for a time暂时
from time to time不时；偶尔
短语：
( )1.I think every student should go to school ______ ,but some ofthem are always late.
by the time B.on time C.for a time D.at times
( )2.—Why couldn’t you really enjoy your holiday?
—Because I was sick _____ I was there.
all the same B.all time C.all the time D.anyway
( )3.They lived in a small village _______ .
A.allthe time B.all the same C.all this same D.all time
3.expect的用法
图片
练习：
( )1.—You look sad.What has happened?
—Everyone ______ us to win the match,but welost.
A.expect B.expected C.hopes D.hoped
shake hands with sb.与……握手
练习：
( )1.Chinese people _____ when they meet for thefirst time.
bow B.kiss C.shake hands D.laugh
( )2.You must ______ the bottle before you takethe medicine.
A.break B.shake C.cover D.throw
make friends with sb.和……交朋友
as soon as连词“一……就……”引导时间状语从句，符合主将从现原则。
eg:I’ll tell him as soon as I see him.
练习：
( )1.Boys and girls,calm down and focus on thetest paper ______ you begin to think about the answers.Beconfident.You can do it!
A.as if B.assoon as C.although D.even if
7.be relaxed about“对……放松；对……随意”
eg:Theyare relaxed about time.
注：relaxedadj.用来形容人；relaxingadj.用来形容物。
练习：
( )1.After the _______ holiday,I feel really ________ .
A.relaxing;relaxed B.relaxing;relaxing C.relaxed;relaxing D.relaxed;relaxed
8.drop的用法
搭配：
drop by+地点n“顺便访问；顺便拜访”(=dropin at+地点n)
drop in on sb.“顺便拜访某人”
练习：
( )1.My pen pal always _____ his friends’ homes without ______plans.
A.dropsby;make B.dropsby;making C.visit;make D.visit;making
9.as...assb.can(=as ...as possible)“尽某人所能；尽可能的”
eg:I’lldo my homework as carefully as I can.
练习：
( )1.She would help you as much as you _____ .
A.can B.could C.may D.might
10.afterall“毕竟；终究”
eg on’tbe angry with him.After all,he is a child.
all短语：
not at all一点也不
all of a sudden突然
all the time一直；总是
all in all总的来说
in all总计；总共
above all最重要的是
first of all首先；第一
all over到处；处处
练习：
( )1.I think Bob draws well.______ he’s only 4 years old.
At first B.At all C.Above all D.After all
( )2.The little boy can’t understand what you said.______ ,he’sonly 2 years old.
A.Afterall B.At all C.In all D.For all
make an effort to do sth.“作出努力做某事”(=make efforts to do sth.)
eg:We should make our efforts to study hard.
练习：
( )1.He is a determined man,and he always _____ an effort to do hisjob.
A.making B.make C.makes D.to make
12.takeoff“脱下(衣服)；飞机(起飞)”
eg:Whattime does the plane take off?
练习：
( )1.—It’s too hot today.
—Yes.Why don’t you _____ your jacket?
put on B.put up C.take off D.take after
( )2.The planes to Chengdu ______ just now.Youhave to wait until tomorrow.
A.tookoff B.took after C.took out D.took away
worth adj.“值得；有……价值的”
搭配：
be worth doing sth.值得做某事(doing要用主动表示被动)
eg:Truefriendship is worth more than money.
练习：
( )1.—What do you think of his talk on the Information Technology?
—Oh,very good.It’s worth _______ .
A.listeningto B.to listen to C.listening D.hearing
( )2.This book is well written.It’s worth _____ .
read B.reading C.reads D.to read
( )3.I don’t think the program on TV is worth ______ .
A.tohear B.to watch C.hearing D.watching
SectionB
1.goout of one’s way to do sth.“特意做某事”
eg:Hesaid he would go out of his way to help me.
练习：
( )1.—How was your trip to Shanghai?
—Not bad.My friends _____ their way to make mefeel at home.
did their best B.went out of C.used out D.used up
( )2.The host family went out of _____ way to make us feel at home.
A.they B.them C.their D.theirs
2.makesb.feel at home“使某人感到宾至如归”
eg:Theirwarm reception made us feel at home.
练习：
( )1.Loud music may make people ____ fast.
A.toeat B.eat C.eaten D.eats
( )2._____ her _____ me very angry.
Waiting;make B.Waiting for;make C.Wait for;makes D.Waiting for;makes
( )3.—What _____ you so excited?
—I got an A in the English test.
A.made B.had C.felt D.put
( )4.—________ .Have a seat.
—Thank you.
A.Allright B.That’s your home C.Makeyourself feel at home D.It’s a great pleasure
区别：except,besides
⑴except“除了”后所跟内容排除在外。
⑵besides“除了……之外，还”后所跟内容包括在内。
eg:①:They all went to the movies except me.
②He has no relatives besides an aged aunt.
练习：
( )1.—Allthe workers went home yesterday ______ Mr.White.Why?
—Because he was on duty.
A.except B.besides C.except for D.beside
( )2.Students go to school every day _____Saturday and Sunday.
beside B.besides C.except D.except for
( )3.I don’t like this coat._______ ,it coststoo much.
Beside B.Besides C.Yet D.Though
( )4.Water is very important for us.We can’tlive ______ it.
A.except B.with C.without D.besides
4.suggestion,advice“建议”
⑴suggestion[C]对应的动词形式为：suggest。asuggestion=a piece of advice
⑵advice[U]对应的动词形式为：advise。
eg:Hissuggestion is that we should learn from each other.
练习：
( )1.—Could you please give me some ______ on how to learn English______ ?
—Sure.Practice makes perfect.
advice;good B.suggestions;good C.advice;well D.suggestion;well
动词不定式的用法
不定式不可作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语、状语，构成不定式短语，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语（表将来）、状语或补足语。中考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否定、省略、连词＋不定式等。
1.不定式作主语
不定式作主语表示具体的动作，通常指一件已知的事或目的。
不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
eg:To say is a thing,to do isanother.(说是一回事，做是另外一回事。)
（2）不定式短语较长时，通常放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。
eg:①Itis important to learn English well.(学好英语是重要的。)
②It is necessary for us to dothe job well.(我们做好这项工作是必要的。)
③It is a great honor to beinvited to give a speech here.被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。
2.不定式作宾语
⑴todo表示特定、具体、将来、一次性的动作。
Ⅰ只能接todo作宾语的动词有：
记忆口诀为：决心学会想希望，（determine;learn;want/intend;wish/hope/long/expect/desire）
拒绝犹豫待假装；（refuse;hesitate;wait;pretend）
答应失败旨设法；（promise;fail;aim;manage）
主动决定选计划。（offer;decide;choose;plan）
担负威胁请同意，（afford;threaten;ask;agree,）
以上声称要牢记。(claim)
Ⅱ只能接todo作宾语的动词短语有：wouldlike/love,try/do one’sbest,be+adj.(如：glad/happy/pleased/content/ready/willing/determined等),feelfree,risk one’s life,set out,have no choice but,make up one'smind,in order,so as等。
Ⅲ只用todo的固定句型有：It’s+adj+(for/ofsb.)+to do sth. ;It takes (sb.)+some time+to dosth.;be+adj+enough,too+adj/adv;主(从)+besaid/reported.ect和主(从)+seems/appears;It’stime(for sb.)to do sth.等。
注：后跟不带to不定式情况有:wouldrather,had better,can’t choose but,can’t help but“忍不住”,can’tbut do“不得不，只好”Why/Whynot...?Will/Would you please...等。
eg:①Herefused to help me.(他拒绝帮助我.) ②Shehas agreed to come tomorrow.(他已同意明天来.)
⑵不定式较长时，作宾语，也可用it代替，放在后面。 eg:I findit difficult to do the job well.
⑶“特殊疑问词﹢不定式todo结构”具有名词特征，可作宾语。
eg:①Shedidn't know whether to go or not. ②Theyhaven't decided when and where to build the school.
⑷不定式可作介but,except,besides“除……之外”的宾语，介词前有实义动词do的任何一种形式，后边的不定式就不带to；否则必须带to。
eg:①Iwant to do nothing but play the computer games。 ②Ihave no choice but to wait。
3.不定式作表语
⑴不定式作表语放在be和其他系动词后，说明主语的内容。同样，“特殊疑问词＋不定式”具有名词特征，也可作表语。
eg:①Myjob is to sweep the floor.
②His goal was to enter thekey university of Beijing.
③The first question is how tofind a better way to learn English well.
④He seems to be cheating me.
⑵不定式作主语时，表语也必须为不定式，结构必须保持一致。eg:Tosee is to believe.
⑶如果主语部分的谓语动词或非谓语动词是实义动词do的某种形式，那么作表语的不定式可以省去to.
eg:①Thefirst thing to do is find her. ②Theonly thing he could do was tell the truth.
4.不定式作同位语
不定式作同位语表示内容。eg:Hisdream to enter a key university came true.
5不定式作定语
⑴不定式作定语一般表示将来，常放在所修饰的名词或代词后。以下是不定式(短语)作后置定语的情况：
图片 ⑴被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被修饰词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，其后常用不定式作定语；
⑵不定代词为something,nothing,little等时，其后常用不定式作定语；
⑶被修饰词前有theonly,the very,the next,the last,no,all,any等修饰时，且与中心词为主动关系，其后常用不定式作定语；
⑷Therebe句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语；
⑸表示将要发生的动作时(既有主动形式，又有被动形式)，其后常用不定式作定语
⑹抽象名词time,way,reason,chance,ability,courage,opportunity,wish等后常用不定式作定语。
注：㈠如果不定式是一个不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时，不定式后面要有必要的介词。
㈡作定语的不定式和被修饰词是动宾关系，但如果是由句子的主语或者句子中另一个名词或代词发出时，则要用代词不定式
的主动形式表示被动意义。
eg:①Ihave something important to tell you.(不定式与被修饰名词构成被动关系。)
②His wish to be an artist hasnever come true.( 不定式与被修饰名词构成同位关系。)
③He is the right man to dothe job. ( 不定式与被修饰名词构成主动关系。)
④The little girl was unhappybecause she had no friends to play with. ( 不定式与被修饰名词构成主动关系。)（注：若不定式为不及物动词，其后须加上相应的介词。)
⑵当名词有表示性质的形容词修饰，后接todo不定式作定语时，不定式多用主动表示被动。
eg:Thecomfortable room to live in is Mine.
⑶在过去时态中，当不定式所修饰的中心词含有first,next,last时，todo作定语并不表示主动或将来，而是表示完成或过去时的含义。
eg:Hewas the first to come to school yesterday.
6.不定式作状语
不定式作状语主要是表示目的、条件、原因和结果，可位于句首或句末，但句首时通常用逗号隔开。
eg:①Weset off early that morning to catch the first bus.（目的）
②To get a good result,sheworked very hard.（目的）
③Ifeel it an honor to be invited to the party.(条件)
④She was very happy to getthe first prize.(原因)
⑤He worked hard, only tofail.(结果)
⑥You were very silly to nothave locked your door.(原因)
注：⑴不定式常用在soas 或inorder后,与它们一起作状语，表示目的，但soas引起的不定式不可置于句首。
eg:In order to avoidmistakes,check your homework.
⑵不定式表结果时常和only连用，往往表示出乎意料的意想不到的不想要的结果。
eg:He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.
⑶“形容词＋enough＋不定式”和“too＋形容词或副词（不表情感）＋不定式”也可作结果状语。
eg:①Heis old enough to go to school.
②He is too weak to raisethe stone.
但“too＋表情感形容词（pleased,ready,glad,willing,anxious等）＋todo”表示肯定意义，too前面可用only,but等词修饰。
eg:①Theywere (only) too anxious to leave.(他们只是太急于离开了。)
②She is(only)too pleasedto go home.(她非常高兴可以回家了。)
7.不定式作补语
不定式作补语表示宾语所做的动作或者和宾语有表语关系，表示状态、特性、身份等。另外，不定式可作使役动词、感官动词的补语，表示动作的完成或已经结束。宾语与作补语的不定式之间是主动关系。
⑴后接动词不定式作宾补的常见的动词有：(结构为：动词+sb./sth.+todo sth.)
want,wish,expect,prefer,like,hate,encourage,need,tell,ask,beg,request,require,get,advise,persuade,invite,order,remind,permit,allow,send,warn,force,forbid等。
⑵后接动词不定式作宾补的常见的动词短语有：(结构为：动词短语+sb./sth.+todo sth.)
callon,would like/love,arrange for,depend/rely on,wait for等。
eg:①Shewanted me to arrive there early.
②Our headmaster call on us towork hard.
⑶在“吾看三室两厅一感觉(即：五看(see/watch/lookat/observe/notice)三使(let/make/have)两听(hear/listento)一感(feel))”中，主动时后可接不带to的不定式作宾补，但在变为被动作主补时to要加上。(即：主不to被to)
eg:①Theheadteacher made him clean the classroom.(主动)
②He was made to clean theclassroom.(被动)
⑷动词不定式可作形容词的补足语
动词不定式可作形容词的补足语，句型为：
㈠不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成逻辑上动宾关系而与其逻辑主语构成主谓关系时，todo不定式要用主动表被动。
eg:Ihave a lot of work to do.
㈡在句型“主语＋系动词＋表语（表性质的adj为convenient/easy/expensive/difficult/hard/impossible/pleasant等）＋todo.或主语＋系动词＋表语(含有表性质的adj的名词)+todo.”中，todo常用主动表被动，其中do为vt,主语为todo的宾语。
eg:①Theworker is easy to get along well with.
②Suzhouis a good place to live in.
注：当名词有表示性质的形容词修饰，后接todo不定式作定语时，不定式多用主动表示被动。
eg:Thecomfortable room to live in is Mine.
㈢在句型“主语＋find/think/consider/believe/make等＋真实宾语＋表性质adj＋todo.”中，todo常用主动表被动，其中do为vt,主语为todo的宾语。
eg:Ifound the room comfortable to live in.
⑸“特殊疑问词＋不定式todo”具有名词特征，可作宾补。(谓语动词多为show,know,teach,tell等。)
eg:I’lltell you how to get there
8.不定式作独立成分(评注性状语或插入语)
不定式可以作评注性状语或插入语,放在句子前面、中间或末尾。常见的有tobe frank,to be honest,to tell the truth,to begin with，tostart with,to be short等。
eg:Tobegin with,I think you are wrong.
注：不定式不表示主动或将来而表示其它含义的情况
⑴“感觉动词＋宾语＋宾补（dosth/doing sth）”的区别
图片感觉动词＋宾语＋宾补（dosth）表示事实或全过程(注：在变为被动时，要带上不定式to。即：be+感觉
动词(被动)+todo)
感觉动词＋宾语＋宾补（doingsth）表示片段或进行
eg:①Themissing boys were last seen playing near the river.
②Did you see a pencil-box lieon the ground just now.
⑵在过去时态中，当不定式所修饰的中心词含有first,next,last时，todo作定语并不表示主动或将来，而是表示完成或过去时的含义。
eg:Hewas the first to come to school yesterday.
练习：
( )1. --Should we take measures _____ the population?
--Ithink so. There are too many people in China at present.
A.to control B.to stop C. to increase D. to help
( ) 2. –Would you like to go out with me, Sam?
--I’d love to, but I have a lot of homework ____ at present.
A. do B. doing C. to do D. to be done
( ) 3. It took us five hours ______the village yesterday.
A. get to B. to reach C. arrived at D. arrived in
( )4. –I don’t know how to _______ the word “phenomenon”. Canyou help me, John?
--No problem.
A. pronounce B. tell C. talk D. speak
( )5.—I don’t know ______ next.
—You’d better finish your homework first.
A.whatto do B.how to do C.when to do D.why to do
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发表于 2021-3-12 18:47:44
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