人教版初三英语总复习资料动词的语态

与你同行

【重点难点提示】
一、重点是：(1)
1 .被动语态的构成：
助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词。
助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。
(1)一般现在时的被动语态：
am(is ,are) + 动词过去分词
Rice is grown in China .中国出产大米。
(2)一般过去时的被动语态：
Was(were) + 动词过去分词
These photos were taken last year .这些照片是去年照的。
(3)含有情态动词的被动语态：
情态动词 + be + 动词过去分词
This car can be mended in an hour .这辆小汽车一小时就能修好。
2 .主动语态变被动语态的方法：
(1)把主动语态的宾语提前变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把主动语态的谓语动词变为被动结构。但时态应保持一致，但人称和数的形式取决于被动语态的主语。
(3)把主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，有时可以省略。
二、难点是：(1)被动语态的用法(即何时用被动语态)。(2)主动语态变被动语态的方法(怎样变)。
三、考点是：(1)一般现在时的被动语态。(2)一般过去时的被动语态。(3)含有情态动词的被动语态。(4)将主动语态的句子变为被动语态。有关动词的语态在历年各地中考题中约占3分左右。

【经典范例引路】
例1  I think Ezhou-Huanggang Bridge        up in 2003 .
A .builds                        B .is built                C .can build                D .can be built
(2001年黄冈市中考题)
简析：此题是考查含有情态动词的被动语态。根据宾语从句中主语Ezhou-Huanggang Bridge与谓语build up之间的关系，可以看出主语是动词短语build up的承受者，要用被动语态。且根据说话人的语气，只是一种推断，表示有可能，因此要用情态动词can。故答案为D。

例2  Do you know bananas        in Hainan ?
A .grows                        B .is grown                C .grew                        D .are grown
(2001年甘肃省中考题)
简析：此题是考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意此句所填部分应用一般现在时，并且根据宾语从句中主语bananas与谓语动词grow之间的关系，可以看出主语bananas是谓语动词grow的承受者，因此要用被动语态。且宾语从句的主语bananas为复数。故答案为D。

例3  No one knows how the huge rocks        and       without our modern machines eight hundred years ago .
A .are cut ,moved                                        B .were cut ,move
C .are cut ,moving                                        D .were cut ,moved
(2001年广州市中考题)
简析：此题是考查一般过去时的被动语态。在宾语从句中有表示过去的时间状语eight hundred years ago，表明宾语从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去时。根据主语the huge rocks与谓语动词cut和move之间的关系，表明主语是谓语动词的承受者，谓语动词要用被动语态，且cut和move为并列谓语，后一个谓语应省去助动词be。且主语the huge rocks为复数。故答案为D。

例4  Li Lei mended the bike .(改为同义句)
The bike               by Li Lei .
(2001年辽宁省中考题)
简析：此题是考查将一般过去时主动语态的句子变为被动语态。原句是主动语态，谓语动词为一般过去时，被动句中的主语是第三人称单数the bike，其答案应为was mended。

例5  Ken is often heard to apologize to his teacher .(改为主动语态)
We often        Ken        to his teacher .
(2001年深圳市中考题)
简析：此题是考查一般现在时被动语态的句子变为主动语态。被动句是一般现在时的被动语态，主动句中的主语是第一人称复数，谓语动词要用动词原形。并且动词hear在被动结构中后面要接带to的动词不定式，但它在主动结构中常接不带to的动词不定式。故答案为hear ,apologize。


【同步达纲练习】
Ⅰ .单项选择(选自各地中考题)
(   )1 .The medicine        in a dry and cool place .(2000年重庆市中考题)
A .keep                        B .must keep                        C .must be kept        D .must be keep
(   )2 .A talk on Chinese history        in the school hall next week . (2000年天津市中考题)
A .is given                                                        B .has been given       
C .will be given                                        D .will give
(   )3 .Today ,the forests have almost gone .People must       down too many trees . (2001年安徽省中考题)
A .stop to out                                                B .stop from cutting
C .be stopped to cut                                D . be stopped from cutting
(   )4 .About 500 cars        in the factory next month . (2001年辽宁省中考题)
A .were produced                                        B .will produce
C .have been produced                                D .will be produced
(   )5 .The key       for locking the classroom door . (2001年广西省中考题)
A .uses                        B .is used                        C .is using                D .use
(   )6 .A new school        over there in two years . (2001年四川省中考题)
A .may build        B .may be built                C .is built
(   )7 .The man who lived alone on that island thought he        never       .
A .will ,find        B .would ,be found                C .is ,found        D .had ,been found
(   )8 .Computers are very useful .For example ,they can       sending e-mail .(电子邮件)  (2001年苏州市中考题)
A .use for                B .be used of                        C .be used for        D .use of
(   )9 .—What a nice garden !
—It       every day . (2000年武汉市中考题)
A .is cleaning        B .has cleaned                C .must clean                D .is cleaned
(   )10 .This work        next week . (2000年广西省中考题)
A .may finish                B .finish                C .finishes                        D .may be finished
(   )11 .My house       in 1995 .We have lived there for nearly five years . (2000年广西省中考题)
A .was build        B .has built                C .is built                D .were built
(   )12 .The lost boy        early this morning . (2000年四川省中考题)
A .found                B .was founded                C .was found        D .founded
(   )13 .That white building        two years ago ,but it is quite old now . (2000年河北省中考题)
A .built                B .was built                C .is built                D .builds
(   )14 .The big tree       by my mother ten years ago .(2000年甘肃省中考题)
A .was planted        B .planted                        C .has planted        D .was planting

【综合能力训练】
Ⅱ .用括号中动词被动结构的适当形式填空。
1 .English        widely       (use) in the world .
2 .These pictures must       (keep) well .
3 .She       (fall) ill last night ,and she       (take) to the hospital at once .
4 .Now rice and wheat       (grow) in my hometown ,too .Look !The crops__________(grow) fast in the fields .
5 .The Great Wall       (know) all over the world .
6 .       the street lights usually       (turn) on at seven in summer evening ?
7 .       this kind of car       (produce) in Wuhan ?
8 .       the doctor        (send) for last night ?
9 .We used a teapot before the thermos       (invent) .
10 .Three children       (take) good care of by the nurse .
11 .Some new houses       (build) by the villagers themselves .
12 .What language       (speak) in Japan ?
13 .The black bike       (buy) in that shop three days ago .
14 .The doctor said Jim must       (operate) on at once .
15 .The big tree       (blow) down in the storm last night .

【创新备考训练】
Ⅲ .将下列主动语态改为被动语态。
1 .You needn’t do it now .

2 .You must finish your homework now .

3 .We can do the work today .

4 .She had done the work by the end of last month .

5 .The writer has written many stories for that magazine(杂志) .

6 .He was doing his homework at this time yesterday .

7 .My brother is reading the book now .

8 .They founded that hospital in 1996 .

9 .Yesterday we played football after school .

10 .People all over the world know the Great Wall .

11 .He often helps his brother .

12 .Do you learn Unit 8 ?

13 .Does Li Lei do his homework at home ?

14 .Did Miss Gao speak English yesterday ?

15 .When did Mike visit China ?

16 .Why do you tell her the thing ?



参考答案
【同步达纲练习】
Ⅰ .1—5 CCDDB  6—10 BBCDD  11—14 ACBA  
【综合能力训练】
Ⅱ .1 .is ,used  2 .be kept  3 .fell ,was taken  4 .are grown is growing  5 .is known  6 .Are ,turned  7 .Is ,produced  8 .Was ,sent  9 .was invented  10 .are taken  11 .were built  12 .is spoken  13 .was bought  14 .be operated  15 .was blown
【创新备考训练】
Ⅲ .1 .It needn’t be done now .  2 .Your homework must be finished now .  3 .The work can be done by us today .  4 .The work had been done by her by the end of last month . 5 .Many stories have been written by the writer for that magazine .  6 .His homework was being done by him at this time yesterday  7 .The book is being read by my brother now  8 .That hospital was founded by them in 1996 .  9 .Yesterday a football was played by as after school .  10 .The Great Wall is known all over the world .  11 .His brother is often helped by him .  12 .Is Unit 8 learned by you ?  13 .Is Li Lei’s homework done by himself at home ?   14 .Was English spoken by Miss Gao yesterday ?  15 .When was China visited by Mike ?  16 .Why is the thing told to him by you ?(Why is she told the thing by you ?)