在教学过程中还采用了结构法:从文章的开头、中间、过渡和结尾着手,总结相应的常见句式和表达方法,以此提高英语写作能力。
2.1.中学生日常作文开头句:
Recently the problem has been brought into focus …
Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
Nowadays there is a growing concern over .. .
2.2.常见作文中间段句型:
举例说明句型:For instance / example …
对比句型:On the one hand … On the other hand…
… varies from person to person.
A is superior/inferior to B.
2.3.常见作文过渡表达法:
1. 表增加: also, and, and then, too,in addition,besides,furthermore, moreover,again
2. 表时间顺序: now, then, before, after, afterwards,earlier, later, immediately, soon. next, in a few days,gradually, suddenly, finally
3. 表空间: near, far from, in front of, behind, beside, beyond, above, below, to the right/left, around,on one side, outside
4. 表示比较的: in the same way, just like( as)
5. 表示对照的:but, still, yet, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in spite of, even though
6. 表示目的的:for the reason, for this purpose, so that
7. 表示强调的:in fact, indeed, surely, certainly, without any doubt, above all, the most important
8. 表示解释说明的: for example, in fact, in this case,actually
9. 表示总结的: finally, at last, in conclusion, as I have shown, in other words, in brief, as have been stated
2.4 常见作文结尾段句型:(中学生实际作文片段)
From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...
To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ...
Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...
3、元素分析法:从组成文章的单词、句子、段落和篇章四大部分总结相应的写作策略。
3.1单词:单词的选用对文章意思的正确表达起着很大的作用。
例如:above, on, over 这些前置词均含“在……上”之意。
above :一般指位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,也不接触另一物,其反义词是below。on :指与另一物表面相接触。over :指一物在另一物的垂直上方,多暗示悬空,但也含“覆盖于……之上”之意。其反义词是under。
3.2句子:英语句子种类有很多很多,因此句式结构的丰富表达相当重要,不少同学写的作文里面基本上通篇都是简单的陈述句,句句以句号结尾。
用上丰富句式,关键是一种写作意识,即想到一个汉语句子,不要急着动笔,先将其在头脑中转换为多样的表达后,再下笔。
如想到一个汉语句子:这种电脑很受人们的欢迎。一般表达:This kind of computer is very popular with people. 丰富表达:What a popular computer it is ! It is this kind of computer that is very popular with people.
3.3段落:段落( paragraph )是由表达单一中心思想(controlling idea or central idea )的一组句子(包括主题句topic sentence,推展句supporting sentences及结论句concluding sentence)构成,是文章结构的基本独立单位。 |