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发表于 2009-11-1 08:38:00
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Unit 5
一、知识点:
1.情态动词must, may , might, could, may , can’t表示推测含义与用法后面都接动词原形,都可以表示对现在情况的揣测和推断但他们
含义有所不同
must 一定 肯定 (100%的可能性)
may, might, could有可能,也许 (20%-80%的可能性)
can’t 不可能,不会 (可能性几乎为零)
The dictionary must be mine. It has my name on it.
The CD might/could/may belong to Tony because
he likes listening to pop music.
The hair band can’t be Bob’s. After all, he is boy!
2. whose谁的,疑问词,作定语,后面接名词。如:Whose book is this? This is Lily’s.
3. belong to属于,如:That English book belongs to me.(不能用名词性物主代词)
4. 当play 指弹奏乐器时,常在乐器前用定冠词,如:play the guitar,play the piano,play the violin;当play 指进行球类运动时,则不用定冠词,如:play football play basketball play baseball
5. if引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时代替将来时 如:If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.如果你不快点,你将会迟到
6. if you have any idea== if you know 如果你知道
7. on 关于(学术,科目)
8. try to do sth. 尝试做某事 如:I try to climb the tree. 我尝试爬树。
9. because of , because because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语
because + 从句 如:I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。 I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因我得搬家。
10. own v.-owner n. listen v.-listener n. learn v.-learner n.
11. catch a bus 赶公车
12. neighbor 邻居 指人 neighborhood 邻居 指地区也可指附近地区的人
13. local 当地的,如:local teacher 当地的教师
14. noise n. 噪音 是个可数名词 noises
15. call the police 报警 如:Quick! Call the police! 快!叫警察!
16. anything strange 一些奇怪的东西。当形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,放在这些词的后面
17. there be sb./ sth. doing 如:There is a cat eating fish.;There must be something visiting our home.
18.escape from …从哪里逃跑出来,如:He escaped from the burning building. 他从燃烧的大概中逃出来。
19. an ocean of + 名词 极多的,用不尽的 如:an ocean of energy.
20. unhappy 不高兴的 反义词 happy 高兴的
21. final adj. 最后的 finally adv. 最后地
22. dishonest 不诚实的 反义词 honest 诚实的。
23. get on 上车 get off 下车
24. use up用光用完 如They have used up all the money. 他们已经用完了所有钱。
25. attempt to do 试图 如:
The boys attempted to leave for Beijing. 男孩子们试图想去北京。
26. wake 动词 唤醒 常用的词组:wake up 意为醒来 如:
Please wake me up at 8 o’clock. 请在8点钟叫醒我。
27. look for 寻找 指过程;find 找 指结果。如:
I am looking for a pen. 我正在找一支笔。(指找的过程)
I found my pen just now. 我刚刚找到了我的笔。(指找的结果)
28. hear 听 指听的结果;listen 听 指听的过程 如:
Did you hear ? 你听到了吗?(指听的结果,听或没听到)
I often listen to the music. 我经常听音乐。(指听的过程)
29. try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人的最大努力去做某事 如:
He tried his best to run. 他尽他的最大努力去跑。
30. 名词所有格,名词所有格的构成有两种形式
①是在名词后面加 ’s 或是以s结尾 的名词,只在名词的后面加 ’
如:Ann’s book 安的书, our teachers’ office我们老师们的办公室
注:双方共有的所有格,只在后面一个名词加’s, 如:
Lily and Lucy’s father 莉莉和露西的爸爸(她们的爸爸是同一个人)
②有…of …介词短语表示无生命东西的所有格,如:
a picture of my family 我家人的相片
有时也有’s表示无生命的东西的所有格,如:today’s newspaper,the city’s name
31、happen指偶然的发生;take place用于计划好的事情或自然的发生;(二者无被动语态)
happen to do sth碰巧干某事. happen to sb.某人发生了什么事
32、raise [reiz] 及物动词 举起、提高 ;募捐 用外力升起,如升旗
rise(不及物动词)上升。自然升起,如价格上涨,日出等。
Raise the money for charity. Raise the Five-red-star flag
33.hope to do sth;hope that从句。wish to do sth;wish sb to do sth;wish that从句。
34、however与but:
(1)从语义上看,but所表示的是很明显的对比、转折。
(2)从语法上看,but是并列连词,however是个副词。
(3)从语序上看,but总位于所引导的句首,however可放在句首、句中、句尾。
(4)从标点上看,but之后没有逗号,however之前、之后短语用逗号隔开。
在完成时态:⑴由have/ has + 过去分词
⑵表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
常与already, just , yet , ever, never 连用
Have you finished your work yet?你完成了你的工作了吗?
Yes, I have. I have just finished it. 是的。我刚刚完成了。
I have already finished it . 我已经完成了。
Have you ever been to China? 你曾经去过中国吗?
No, I have never been there. 没有,我从来也没有去过。
⑶①表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作 或状态和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括现在在内)的一段时间的状态连用如:(for + 时间段,since + 时间点,或过去某一动作, 以及how long )
②注: 非延续性动词在现在完成 时态中不能和for, since 引导的表示一段时间的状语的肯定句连用。
应转为相应的延续性动词 如:buy---- have die---- be dead join ---- be in borrow----- keep leave---- be away I have bought a pen.------ I have had a pen for 2 weeks. The dog has died.------- The dog has been dead since last week.
⑷①have (has) been to + 地点 去过某地 已经回来
②have (has) gone to + 地点 去了某地 没有回来
③have been in + 地点 一直呆在某地 没有离开过 如:
She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海。(已经回来)
She has gone to Shanghai. 她去了上海。(没有回来)
She has been in Shanghai for 2 days.她呆上海两天了。(没有离开过上海)
二、短语:
1、be long to属于;2、listen to classical music听古典音乐;
3、at school上学、求学、在学校;4、go to the concert去听音乐会
5、have any/some idea知道 have no idea不知道
6、a math test on algebra有关代数的数学考试;7、the final exam期末考试
8、because of因为;9、a present for his mother送给她妈妈的礼物
10、run for exercise跑步锻炼;11、wear a suit穿西装;12、make a movie拍电影
13、in our neighborhood在我们附近、在我们小区;14、have fun玩耍、取闹
15、his or her own idea她(他)自己的看法;16、late night深夜
17、an ocean of许许多多、无穷无尽的;18、be care of=look out当心、小心
19、pretend to do sth假装干…;20、use up用完、用光
三、句子:
1、If you have any idea where might be please call me.
如果你知道它可能在哪,请打电话给我。
2、It’s crucial that I study for it because it counts 30%to the final exam.
关键是我必须学,因为它占期末考试的30%。
3、What do you think “anxious” means?你认为“anxious”是什么意思?
4、He could be running for exercise.他可能是跑步锻炼身体。
5、He might be running to catch a bus.他可能是在跑着赶公共汽车。
6、Why do you think the man is running?你觉得那个男的为什么跑?
7、No more mystery in Bell Tower neighborhood.钟塔附近不再有神秘的事了。
Unit 6
一、 知识点
1.prefer v.更喜爱,更喜欢,相当于like……better,其过去式、过去分词为preferred,常用于以下结构:
(1)prefer+名词、代词I preferred music. Which do you prefer?
(2)prefer+动词不定式“宁愿干……”She prefers to live among the working people.
(3) prefer+v-ing I prefer living abroad.
(4)prefer+动词不定式复合结构:常见的搭配有:
①prefer…to… 喜欢…而不喜欢…(to为介词)She prefers apples to bananas.
②prefer doing to doing(to为介词)He prefers running to walking.
③prefer to do …… rather than do sth.宁愿干……而不愿干……
They prefer to play games rather than watch TV.
2.gentle: ①轻柔,温和(往往指音乐、嗓音或风)
②温柔的,文雅的(往往指人的性格)
3.remind……of……使某人回想起或意识到某人、某事
She reminded me of her sister.The pictures remind me of my school days.
4.表示“也”的用法:also 用在句中,too 用在句末,as well 多用于口语,用在句末,这三个表达都用在肯定句。either “也” 用在否定句尾
5. What do you think of …? =How do you like…?
6.as 的用法:
①用作连词“按照”Please do it again as I told you.
②连词,当……的时候,着重强调两个动词同时发生She sang as she worked.
③表示原因,“因为,由于”比较口语化,语气也较弱,所表示的原因比较明显。
As I didn’t know the way, I asked the policeman.
④as…as… 和……一样
7.over the years多年来 ,往往与现在完成时连用
8.though 不做副词“可是,不过,然而”放在句尾
9. be sure of +n. / pron. /短语
be sure that 从句 }相信,对……有把握
be sure to do 务必……一定……
make sure 确保,核实,查收,弄清楚
10.one of the+最高级+复数名词,最……之一;
11.过去分词作定语,表示被动或完成 12. on display=on show
13.interest:①n.兴趣,趣味;②v.使感兴趣
He interested me in football.他使我对足球感兴趣。
I’ve got a lot of books that might interest you.我有许多可能使你感兴趣的书。
14.class 等级,级别,阶级;15. whatever=no matter what
16.suggest:①建议,后跟宾语从句,用虚拟语气;
②表示,暗示,后跟宾语从句,不用虚拟语气。
17. energy (n.)=energetic (adj.)
18.honest 该词是元音发音开头,前面的不定冠词用“an”.
19.先行词若为地点或时间时,后面的关系词用关系代词还是关系副词,要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。若关系词作定语从句的主语、宾语或定语,用关系代词;若关系词作状语,则用关系副词。
20. along with 伴随… 同… 一道 I will go along with you. 我同你一道去。
I sing along with music. 我伴随着音乐唱歌。
21. dance to sth.随着…跳舞She likes dancing to the music.她喜欢随着音乐而跳舞。
22. different kinds of 各种各样different kinds of clothes 各种各样的衣服
23. music n. 音乐 musician n. 音乐家 musical
24. take … to … 带…去…. 如:My father often takes me to the park. 我的爸爸经常带我去公园。Please take this box to my office. 请拿这个盒子到我的办公室。
25. be important to sb. 对…重要 be important for sb. to do. 做某事对某人很重要
26. though =although作连词,虽然,尽管,放在句子中间/句首,不能和but 连用。Though it was very late, he went on working. 虽然很晚了,但他还在工作Mr. Smith, though he was young, did it very well.史密斯先生虽然年轻,却做得很好。
27. energy n. 活力 energetic adj. 有活力的;28. most of … …的大多数
29. keep healthy 保持健康;30. get together 聚在一起
31. be bad for sth. 对…有坏处的 be bad for doing sth. 做…有坏处
32. take care of =look after照顾关心,如:She often takes care of / looks after her son.
33 stay away from远离…
如:Stay away from me , I have a cold.请远离我,我得了感冒
34. to be honest老实说,
如:To be honest I really like flowers. 老实说我真的很喜欢花。
35. dislike 不喜欢 反义词 like 喜欢
36. fisherman 渔夫 复数形式 fishermen
37. photography n. 摄影 photograph n. 照片 相片;photographer n. 摄影师
38. be in agreement 意见一致 常与介词on /about连用如:
They are in agreement on that question. 他们对那个问题意见一致。
39. mainly adv. 主要地 首要地 main adj. 主要的
二.短语
1.expect to do sth.期望干……;expect sb. to do sth期望某人干……
2.catch up with追上,赶上;3.different kinds of music各种不同的音乐
4.quiet and gentle songs轻柔的歌曲;5. take…to… 带……到……
6. remind…of…使某人想起或意识到……;7.her own songs她自己的歌曲
8.be important to对……重要;9.Yellow River黄河
10.Hong Tao’s latest movie洪涛最近的电影;11.over the years多年来
12.be sure to do sth.务必干……一定干……
13.one of the best known Chinese photographers世界上最有名的中国摄影家之一
14.on display展览,展出;15.come and go来来往往;16.can’t stand不能忍受
17.look for寻找;18.feel sick感到恶心,不舒服;
19.have a great time玩得高兴,过得愉快;20.to be honest说实话
21.be lucky to do幸运的是……;
22.my six-month English course我6个月的英语课
23.most of my friends我的大部分朋友;24.go for去找某人,想法得到某事物
25.stay healthy保持健康;26.French fries薯条;27.stay away from与…保持距离
28.be in agreement意见一致(后跟短语、句子);29.barbecued meat烤肉
30.a tag question反意疑问句;31.be bad for对……有害
三.句子
1.I love singers who write their own music.我喜欢自己创作曲子的歌手。
2.We prefer music that has great lyrics.我们更喜欢歌词很棒的曲子。
3.What do you dislike about this CD.你不喜欢这张CD的什么?
4.What does it remind you of?它使你想起了什么?
5.The music reminds me of Brazilian dance music.这首曲子使我想起了巴西舞曲。
6.It does have a few good features, though.然而,它的确也有一些好的方面。
7.She really has something for everyone.
每个人的确都能从她的作品中领悟到一些东西。
8.Whatever you do, don’t miss this exhibition.无论怎样,你都不能错过这次展出。
9.As the name suggests, the band has a lot of energy.
正如乐队名字所暗示的那样,这支乐队很有活力。
10. Some people say they are boring, but others say they are great.
11.If I were you, I’d eat nuts instead.如果我是你,我会改吃坚果。
Unit7
一、知识点:
1. tired 累的 tiring 令人疲惫的
bored 讨厌 boring 令人厌烦/讨厌的
excited 兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋/激动的
amazed 惊讶的 amazing 令人惊讶的
2. education n. 教育 educational 有教育意义的
3. 想要做…:would like to do; 想要…:would like sth.
常用的句型有:
What would you like to do? 你想要做什么?
I would like to visit GuiLin. 我想去参观桂林。
What would you like ? 你想要什么?
I would like some tea. 我想来些茶。
Would you like to go to my party? 你来不来参加我的晚会?
(表邀请) Yes, I’d love/ like to . No, thanks.
Would you like some tea or coffee? 你是要点茶还是咖啡?
Yes, I’d love/ like. No. thanks.
Where would you like to visit/ go? 你想去哪呢?(本单元的重点句型)
4. go on vacation 去度假; go on a trip 去旅行; go on a picnic 去野炊
5. hope to do 希望做某事 I hope to go to Beijing. 我希望去北京。
hope (that) + 从句 希望…. I hope that I can go to Beijing.我希望我能去北京。
I hope (that) she can pass the test.我希望她能通过考试。
6. I love places where the people are friendly. 我喜欢人们友好的地方。
where 关系副词,引导定语从句,where引导定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词如:the place, the city等。That is the school where I studied 10 years ago. 那就是我10年前所就读的学校。
7. 不定代词 参看课本P141 注:形容词必须放在不定代词、不定副词的后面
8. consider doing考虑做某事I am considering changing my job.我正在考虑换工作。
9. cost (sb.) 钱、时间 The book cost me 10 yuan 这本书花了我10元。
10. in general 一般来说, 大体上, 通常
11. be supposed to do 应该做…. = should 如:
Scientists are supposed to know a lot. 科学家们应该知道更多。
12. take a trip 去旅行
13. provide sb. with sth 供应某人某物= provide sth for sb.
如:They provide us with water. They provide water for us.
14. how far 问路程 多远(20 kilometers , five munites’ walk)
how old 问年龄 多少岁(13 years old)
how long 问时间 多久;多长(since, for)
how often 问频率 多久一次(sometimes, often, 3 times a day, every day)
15. be away 离开 如:I was away 2days ago. 我两天前离开了。
I will be away for a few days. 我将离开一些天。
16. inexpensive adj. 不贵的 反义词 expensive adj. 贵的
17.let sb. do 让某人做某事 Let me help you.让我帮你吧。
let sb. not do 让某人不要做某Let us not laugh. 让我们不要笑了。
18. in the future 将来
She will a good mother in the future. 在将来她将会是一个好妈妈。
19. 用to 表示 “的”有: answers to question 问题的答案
the key to the door 这扇门的钥匙
20. as soon as possible 尽可能的快
21. continue doing == go on doing 继续做某事 如:
She continued singing. == She went on singing. 她继续唱歌。
22. according to 根据
23. be willing to do 愿意做某事 如:I am willing to help you. 我愿意帮你。
24. on the other hands 另一方面
25. hold on to sth. 保持,不要放弃 Please hold on to my hand. 不要放开我的手。
26. come true 实现 如:My dream have come true. 我的梦实现了。
27.through 穿过 含有“in”的意思 across 横过 含有“on”的意思
28. Some day=someday 只指将来某一天
one day 既可指将来某一天,也可指过去某一天。
28. Plan 计划打算(1) plan to do sth
We are planning to visit London this summer /Do plan to stay late?
(2) 跟名词或者代词 Have you planned your trip?
We have been planning this visit for months.
(3) plan for 为…做计划He planned for a picnic if the next day were fine.
(4) plan on 打算有(做某事)She had not planned on so many guests.
They are planning on an/for an outing.
29.强调句型:It is(was)…that (who ,whom)…
(1) 强调句型可用来强调各种句子成分
(2) 强调句中的连词who,whom只用来指代人,that 即可以指代人也可以指代物被强调部分是时间,地点等仍用that
(3)that,whom, who 后的句中的谓语与原句保持一致
(4)强调句中只有it is ,it was 两种时态形式,如:I am right ------It is I who(that) am right.又如:They will have a meeting tomorrow. It is they who(that) will have a meeting tomorrow. It’s a meeting that they will have tomorrow. It’s tomorrow that they will have a meeting.
30.在英语中,有although 不能有but;有because 不能有so
二 、短语
1.go on vacation 去度假;2.trek through the jungle 徒步穿越丛林
3.some day 有朝一日;4.one of the liveliest cities 最有活力的城市之一
5.be supposed to do sth. 应该干;6.pack light clothes 穿薄衣服
7.take a trip 去旅行;8.provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb 为了某人提供某物
9.be away 离开,远离;10.the answer to the question 问题的答案
11.according to 根据。按照; 12.work as tour guides 做导游的工作
13.dream of 梦想,想到; 14.less realistic dreams 不现实的梦想
15.be willing to do sth. 愿意干。16.achieve one’s dreams 实现梦想
17.sail across the pacific 横渡太平洋;18.hold on to 保持,不要放弃(卖掉)
19.take it easy 从容 轻松 不紧张; 20.Niagara Falls 尼亚加拉大瀑布
21.Eiffel Tower 艾菲尔铁塔; 22.Notre Dame Cathedral 巴黎圣母院
23.this time of year 一年中的这个时候;24.in general 通常 ,大体上, 一般而言
三、句子
1.where would you like to go on vacation? I’d like to trek through the jungle.
2.l like places where the weather is always warm.
3.I like to go somewhere relaxing 我喜欢去休闲的地方
4.For your next vacation, why not consider visiting Paris?
你下次度假为什么不考虑去巴黎?
5.Traveling around Paris by taxi can cost a lot of money.
乘坐出租车游览巴黎要花费很多钱
6.So unless you speak French yourself, it’s best to travel with someone who can translate things for you.因此,除非你自己会讲法语,否则最好与一个能为你翻译的人一起去。
7. We’d like to be away for three weeks.我们大约要去三个星期.
8.The person has a lot of money to spend on the vacation.
度假中这个人有很多钱可以花.
9.I hope you can provide me with some information about the kinds of vacations that your firm can offer 我希望能给我提供一些贵公司能经营的旅游项目的信息.
10.Could you please give me some suggestions for vacation spots?
你能给我一些有关度假地的建议吗?
11.You need to pack some warm clothes if you go there.
你如果去那里,需要带一些暖和的衣服。
12.I’d love to sail across the Pacific.我想横渡太平洋。
Unit 8
一.知识点: 短语动词小结
常见短语动词结构有下面几种:
①.动词+副词 如:give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜。这种结构有时相当于及物动词,如果其宾语是代词,就必须放在动词和副词之间,如果是名词,则既可插在动词和副词之间,也可放在短语动词后。
② 动词+介词 如:listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于。这种结构相当于及物动词,后面跟宾语。
③动词+副词+介词 如:come up with 提出,想出;run out of 用完,耗尽
④动词+名词(介词) 如:take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住
1.cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高兴、振作 如:cheer me up 使我高兴
clean up 打扫 clean-up n. 打扫
2. homeless adj. 无家可归的 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩home n. 家
4. sick adj. 生病的 作表语、定语;ill adj. 生病的,作表语,不能作定语
5. volunteer to do v. 志愿效劳、主动贡献 volunteer n. 志愿者
6. come up with 提出 想出 = think up 想出; catch up with 赶上 追上
7. put off doing 推迟做某事; put on 穿上 (指过程); put up 张贴
8. write down 写下,记下;
9. call up 打电话 make a telephone call 打电话
10. set up 成立 建立
The new hospital was set up in 2000. 这座医院是在2000年成立的。
11. each 每个 各自的 强调第一个人或事物的个别情况 常与of 连用
every 每个 每一个的 一切的 则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用
12. put …to use 把… 投入使用,利用
They put the new machine to use. 他们把新机器投入使用
13. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with English
help do 帮助做某事 help study
14. plan to do 计划做某事
plan + 从句I plan to go to Beijing.=I plan (that) I will go to Beijing.我计划去北京。
15. spend … doing 花费…做…
I spent a day visiting Beijing. 我花了一天的时间去参观北京。
spend… on sth. 花费…在… I spent 3 years on English.
16.not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且…,用来连接两个并列的成分。
(1)引导以 not only …but (also)… 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒装句。也是说得要把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如:
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时,谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如: ①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。
常见的就近原则的结构有:
①Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。
②Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)Either Lily or you are a student.
③Not only …but (also)… ④There be
17. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如:join the Party 入党
take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如:take part in sports meeting 参加运动会
18. run out 与 run out of
①run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间,食物,金钱,油等,本身就含有被动意义。His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。
My patience has completely run out. 我没有一点耐心了。
Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。
②run out of 主语为人,表示主动含义。He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。
两者在一定条件下可以互换:如:The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol. 我们快把汽油用完了。
Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time
19. take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像
be similar to 与..相像;take after 相像;ook after 照顾;take care of 照顾
20. work out v. + adj.
①结局,结果为
The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。
②算出,制订出,消耗完(精力等) He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。 He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。
I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用。
21. hang out 闲荡 闲逛 I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。
22. be able to do 能,会 be unable to do 不能 不会
23. thank you for doing 谢谢做某事 如:thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我
24. for sure 确实如此,毫无疑问
You don’t have money. That’s for sure. 你没有钱,这是毫无疑问的。
25. fill… with…使…充满…;用…填充…。
She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。
26. like prep. 像…
27. help sb. out 帮助…做事,解决难题(摆脱困境) I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out. 我不能算出这道数学问题,请你帮我解决。
28. train n. 火车; train v. 训练; train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事
She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。
29. at once == right away 立刻,马上。如:Do it at once. 马上去做。
I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。
30. one day有一天 (指将来/过去) ;some day有一天(指将来) 如: One day I went to Beijing.有一天我去了北京。Some day I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。
31. specially adv. 特意地,专门地,特别地 special adj. 特别的
32. donation n. 捐赠物 donate v. 捐赠 赠送
33. part of speech 词性 词类
34. disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的 disable v. 不能
35. hand out 分发 hand out bananas
give out 分发;give out sth to sb. 分….给某人
give up doing 放弃…,give up smoking 放弃吸烟
give away 赠送,捐赠 give away sth. to …;give away money to kids
give sb. sth. 给某人某东西,give me money 给我钱
give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西,give money to me 给我线
36. volunteer ①可数名词 “志愿者”,②adj. 自愿的; vi. volunteer to do sth
They are the Chinese People’s Volunteers. 他们是中国人民志愿军。
I volunteer to help you. 我自愿帮助你。
37. no longer = not … any longer 指时间上不再延续。
no more = not … any more 指动作上不再延续。
二.短语
1.clean up 清扫;2.give out 分发,发放;
3.cheer up=make…happier 使...高兴,使...振作
4.after school study program 课外学习班;5.come up with=think up 提出,想出
6.put off 推迟;7.write down 写下,记下;8.put up 张贴;9.hand out 分发,发放
10.call up 打电话;11.ser up=establish 建立;12.be home to sb 是某人的家园
13.volunteer one’s time to do sth 自愿花时间干...
14.put…to use… 把...投入使用;15.elementary school 小学
16.plan to do sth 计划干...打算干
17.coach a football team for kids 训练少年足球队
18.start a Chinese History club 开办一个中国史俱乐部
19.run out of 用完,耗尽;20.take after 在性格或长相方面与父母相象
21.fix up 修理;22.give away 捐赠;23.be similar to 与...相似;24.ask for 索要
25.a call-in center for parents 家长热线;26.hang out 闲荡
27.put up signs asking for singing jobs 张贴寻求唱歌工作的广告
28.run out of money for singing lessons 学唱歌的钱用完了
29.disabled people 残疾人;30.for sure 确实如此,毫无疑问
31.fill…with... 用...填充... be full of 装满了...
32.help...out 帮助...做事,解决难题(摆脱困境)
33.a specially trained dog 一只经过特殊训练的狗
34.train sb to do sth 训练某人干... ;35.fetch my book 把我的书拿来
36.part of speech 词性
三.句子
1.We can’t put off making a plan. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now. 我们不能推迟制订计划,清洁日离现在只有两周了。
2.She puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care centre at her local elementary school. 她在当地的一所小学的课后辅导中心工作,使这个爱好得到较好的利用。
3.Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. 帮助别人不但自己感到快乐,而且我开始花时间做自己喜欢做的事了。
4.The three students plan to set up a student volunteer project at heir school. 这三个学生计划在他们校开展一个学生志愿者项目。
5.He also put up some sign asking for old bikes.他还贴了一些需求旧自行车的告。
6.The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 几米想出的这个办法很效。
7.He did a radio interview. 他接受了电台的采访。
8.We need to come up with a plan. 我们需要指定一个计划。
9.You could help clean up the city parks. 你可以帮助打扫城市公园。
10.He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children who don’t have bikes. 他现在有16辆要修理的自行车,并准备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那些没有自行车的孩子。
Unit9
1. 被动语态
(1). 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。
(2). 被动语态基本结构:be+及物动词的过去分词(如果是不及物动词,其过去分词应带有相应的介词)
(3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词,有人称、数和时态的变化。
一般现在时被动语态为:am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时被动语态为:was/were+ 过去分词
与情态动词连用的被动语态:情态动词+ be + 过去分词
(4). 被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语,放在句末,by 表示“由,被”的意思
如何理解被动语态? 为取胜更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义,可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较。
主动语态: 主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分
被动语态: 主语+ be +过去分词 + by +宾语 +其他成分
如: Many people speak English.
被动语态 English is spoken by many people.
2. 本单元要掌握的句型 见课本P69 中的Grammar Focus
3. invent v. 发明 inventor n. 发明家 invention n. 发明 可数名词
4. be used for doing用来做…(是被动语态) 如:Pens are used for writing. 笔是用来写的。Pens aren’t used for eating. 笔不是用来吃的。
5. 给某人某样东西give sth. to sb. 如:I gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔。
give sb. sth. I gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔。
6. all day 整天; 7. salty adj. 咸的 salt n. 盐;
8. by mistake 错误地 如:I took the umbrella by mistake. 我不小心拿错了雨伞。
9. make sb./sth. +形容词 使…怎么样 It made me happy. 它使我高兴
make sb./sth. +名词 让…做… It made me laugh. 它让我发笑
10. by accident 意外 偶然
I met her by accident at bus stop. 我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她。
11. not…until… 直到…才做… 如:
I didn’t go to bed until I finished my work.我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。
12. according to +名词 根据… 如: according to an legend根据一个神话;according to this article根据这篇文章
13. over an open fire 野饮; 14. leaf n. 叶子 复数形式 leaves
15. nearby adj. 附近的 如: the nearby river
16. fall into 落入 掉进 如:The leaf fell into the river. 叶子落入了河里。fall down 摔倒 如:She fell down from her bike. 她从她自行车摔倒了。
17. quite 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时,冠词a必须放在它的后面
如:quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩
very 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时,冠词a必须放在它的前面
如:a very beautiful girl 一个漂亮女孩
注:当不与冠词a 连用时,两者可以互用 如:
I am very happy.=== I am quite happy. 我非常高兴。
18. in the way 这样
19. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快
pleasant adj. 愉快 高兴 指天气、时间、旅行令人高兴愉快
please v. 使高兴 使同意
20. battery—operated adj. 电池控制的是名词+动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词
21. in the sixth century 在第6世纪;22. travel around 周游
23. more than === over 超过 如: more than 300 == over 300 超过300
24. including prep. 介词 包括 可以与名词和动名词连用
如: Six people, including a baby, were hurt. 6个人包括一个小孩受伤了。
25. have been played 被上演 是现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态的结构:have /has been +过去分词
26. be born 出生 He was born in Canada. 他在加拿大出生
27. safety n. 安全 safe adj. 安全的;28. knock into 撞上(某人)
29. divide sth. into…将…划分成..通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分 如:Let’s divide ourselves into 4groups. 让我们把我们自己划成4组。
30. since then 自从那以后 常与完成时 态连用 如:
Since then, I have left Beijing. 自从那以后,我已经离开了北京。
Unit10
1. 过去完成时
(1) 构成:由助动词had + 过去分词 构成
否定式:had not + 过去分词 缩写形式:hadn’t
(2) 用法:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。
(3) 它所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。
①表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语来表示
②也可以用when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句来表示
③还可以通过宾语从句或通过上下文暗示。
When I got there, you had already eaten you meal. 当我到达那里时,你已经开始了。
By the time he got here, the bus had left. 到他到达这里时,汽车已经离开了
2. by the time 直到…时候,指从过去某一点到从句所示的时间为止的一段时间 如:By the time we got to his house, he had finished supper. 在我们到达他就已经吃完了晚饭。
3. 英语中表示“把某物遗忘在某处”常用 leave + 地点 ,而不是forget+地点 如:Unluckily, I left my book at home不幸的是,我把书忘在家里了。
4. close v. 关 adv. 接近地 靠近地 closed adj. 关的
5. come out 出来
6. on time 按时 准时 既不早也不迟 in time 及时 指在时限到来之前
7. luckily adv. 幸运地 lucky adj. 幸运的 luck n. 好运
8. give sb. a ride 让某搭便车,如:
He often gives me a ride to school. 他经常让我搭便车去学校。
9.only just 刚刚好、恰好
10. go off (闹钟)闹响 The alarm went off just now. 刚才警钟响了。
11. break down 坏掉
12. fool n. 傻子 呆子 v. 愚弄 欺骗 如: He is a fool. 他是一个呆子。
We can’t fool our teach. 我们不能欺骗我们的教师。(动词)
13. show up 出现 出席 She didn’t show up last night. 昨晚她没有出现
14. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某做事 如:
My friend invited me to watch TV. 我的朋友邀请我看电视。
15. set off 激起 出发 set up 建立
16. ①so … that 如此…以致于,引导结果状语从句,so后面接形容词、副词.
②so that作“为了”时,引导目的状语从句,从句常出现情态动词,作结果状语从句时,从句中一般不用情态动词。如:She got up early so that she could catch the bus. 为了能赶上车,她起得很早。(目的状语从句); She was so sad that she couldn’t say a word. 她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。(结果状语从句)
17. flee from从…逃跑,避开,如:
They fled from their home. 他们从他们的家里逃了出来。
18. thrill v . 使人非常激动,使人非常紧张
thrilled adj. 指某人感到激动或感到紧张
thrilling adj. 指某事物使人心情激动
19. get married 结婚;20. convince v. 使信服 convincing adj. 令人信服的
21. land v. 着落;22. be late for 迟到
23. a piece of 一片/块/张 如: a piece of paper/ bread 一张纸/ 一块面包
重点短语:
1.到…时候by the time +…(句子)…从过去某一点到从句所示时间为止的一段时间,即从句用过去时,主句用过去完成时。
2.(闹钟)闹响go off; 3.跑掉;迅速离开run off
4.损坏break down (突然)中断break off
5.(在)愚人节(on) April Fool's Day; 6.激起;引 起set off
7.一片,一块a piece of; 8.按时on time 及时in time
Section A
1.从…离开去…leave (from)…for …
把某物遗忘在某地leave sth. +介宾短语(表地点的)
忘记某人/某事forget sb /sth.
忘记去作…forget to do …
忘记已作了…forget doing …
2.在洗沐浴get in the shower
3.开始作…start/begin to do …(前后不同的事)start/begin doing …(前后相同的事)
4.我上学从未迟到,但昨天我差点迟到.I 've never been late for school ,but yesterday I came very close.
5.等待(某人)作…wait (for sb )to do …
6.出来;开花come out 实现come ture 从旁而过come by 来自…come/be from…
7.我必须抓紧了.I had to really rush.
8.飞快冲了个 澡take/have a quick shower
9.给/让某人搭便车give/get sb. a ride =give /get a ride to sb.
10.我恰好赶上上课.I only just made it to my class.(此时,指"约定"之意)
SectionB
1.给某人穿衣服dress sb; 穿…衣服 be /get dressed (in +衣服); 化装;打扮dress up
2.熬夜stay /sit up (late)
3.给某人看某物show sb .sth.=show sth .to sb.; 带某人参观…show sb.around sth.; 卖弄…show off…; 出席,露面show up; 展览be on show =be on display
4.化妆舞会a costume party; 5.在地球着陆land on the earth
6.由演员奥森?威尔斯主持的广播节目a radio program by actor Orsom Welles
7.遍及全国across the whole country =all over the whole country
8.从…逃跑;避开…flee from…=run away from…(flee过去式为fled )
9.将有…the re will be ….(一般将来时); there would be …(过去将来时)
10.买尽可能多的意大利面条buy as much spaghetti as they could /possible
11.让某人嫁过某人ask sb .to marry sb.; 结婚get married
和…结婚 get /be married with …=marry …
12.停止作…stop doing … 停下某事来作…stop to do …
13.在开学第一天on the first day of school
14.(向某人)打招呼say hello (to sb.)
15.醒来wake up 叫…醒来wake sb. up
16. 有一个很愉快的结局have a very happy ending
17.失去了他的女朋友和他的观众lose both his girlfriend and his show
Unit 11
1.宾语从句:宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。
①由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语 构成,常由下面的一些连接词引导:
②由that 引导 表示陈述意义,that 可省略
He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
③由if , whether 引导 表示一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)
I don’t know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。
④由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义
Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗?
⑤从句时态要与主句一致:当主句是一般现在时,从句根据情况使用任何时态
He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
I don’t know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来?
当主句是一般过去时,从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)
He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。
I didn’t know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
She wanted to know if I had finished m homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来?
2. get v. 得到、买、到达; 3. make a telephone call 打电话
4. save money 省钱、存钱
5. ①问路常用的句子:Do you know where …is ? Can you tell me how can I get to …? Could you tell me how to get to …?
②Can/Could/Will/Would you please tell me sth. 表示十分客气地询问事情
③Could you tell me how to get to the park?请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗?中的how to get to the park是疑问词与动词不定式连用,用作宾语,但不是宾语从句,可是相当于how I can get to the park(宾语从句)。如:I don’t know how to solve the problem.=I don’t know how I can solve the problem.我不知道如何解决这个问题
Can you tell me when to leave?= Can you tell me when I ill leave? 你能告诉我什么时候离开?
6. 日常交际用语:take the elevator/escalator to the … floor.乘电梯/自动扶梯到…楼
turn left / right = take a left / right 向左/ 右转
go past 经过 go straight 向前直走
7. next to 旁边、紧接着,如:Lily is next to Ann. 莉莉就在安的旁边。
8. between … and… 在…和…之间
如: Lily is between Ann and Tom. 莉莉就在安和汤姆的之间。
9. decide to do 决定做… She decided to go to have lunch. 她决定去吃午餐。
decide v. decision n. make a decision 做个决定
10. Is that a good place to hang out? 那是不是一个闲荡的好地方?中的to hang out修饰前面名词place,不定式作定语. 如:There are something to eat. 这有吃的东西。中的to eat修饰代词something,作定语。
11. kind of +adj./ adv. 译为“有点、一点”如:She is kind of shy. 她有点害羞。
12. expensive 贵的 反义词 inexpensive 不贵的
13. crowded 拥挤的 反义词 uncrowded 不拥挤的
14. take a vacation == go on a vacation 去度假
15. dress up 打扮; dress up as 打扮成..
如:He wanted to dress up as Father Christmas.他想要打扮成圣诞老人。
16. on the beach 在海滩上的介词用 on
17. politely adv. 有礼貌地; polite adj. 有礼貌的
18. depend on sth / doing / 从句 根据、依靠、依赖、决定于
Living things depend on the sunlight.生物对阳光有依赖性。
We can’t depend on his answer. 我们不能根据他的回答。
That depends on how you did it. 那决定于你怎样做这件事。
19. prefer动词 更喜欢 宁愿 常用的结构有:
prefer sth. 更喜欢某事 I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语。
prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事 I prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。
prefer sth to sth. 同…相比更喜欢… I prefer dogs to cats. 与猫相比我更喜欢狗。
prefer doing to doing 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
I prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着
prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
I prefer to work rather than be free. 我宁愿工作而不愿闲着。
20. on the other hand 另一方面
21.把…借给某人lend sb. sth.=lend sth.to sb. 如:
Lily lent me her book. == Lily lent her book to me .莉莉把她的书借给了我。
22. such as;23. I’m sorry to do sth. 对做某事我觉得很抱歉、伤心。
24. in a way 在某种程度说;
25. in order to do 为了做…,表目的,如:
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他起早床,是为了赶上头班公共汽车。
26. 等级/同级比较:as…as, not as/so…as
①as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as 表示“和…一样的…”“…和…一样的…”
如:He works as hard as we. 他工作和我们同样努力。
②否定式:not as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as= not so + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as
He doesn’t work as / so hard as we. 他工作没有我们那样努力。
27. hand in 上交
Unit12
1. be supposed to do.应该,如:We are supposed to stop smoking.我们应该停止吸烟。
知识拓展:表示应该的词有:should, ought to ,be supposed to
2. shake hands握手 shake 本意是“摇动、震动”
3. You should have asked what you were supposed to wear.你本应该问清楚怎么样穿才得体。中的“should have asked”是“情态动词+现在完成时”表示过去本应该做某事,事实上没有做,如:She should have gone to Beijing. 她本应该去了北京。(没有去)
4. be relaxed about sth.对某事随意、不严格,如:They are relaxed about the time. 他们对时间很随意。
5. pretty adv. 相当,很=very She is pretty friendly. 她相当友好。
adj. 美丽的 She is a pretty girl.她是一个美丽的女孩。
6. make plans to do = plan to do. 打算做某事 如:
She has made plans to go to Beijing.= She has planed to go to Beijing.
7. drop by 访问,看望,拜访,串门
We just dropped by our friends’ homes.我们刚刚去朋友家串门。
8. on time 按时
9.after all 毕竟 终究 如:You see I was right after all.你看,毕竟还是我对了。10. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事,如:
Lily invited me to have dinner.莉莉请我吃晚饭。
11. without 没有;12. around the world = all over the world 全世界
13. pick up 捡起,挑选,如:He picked up his hat. 他捡起他的帽子。
14. start doing=start to do 开始做某事,如
He started reading= He started to read.他开始读。
15. point at 指向; 16. stick v. 剌 截;n. 棒,棍
chopstick 筷子,是由chop(砍)+stick(棒)合成,通常用复数形式:chopsticks
17. go out of one’s way to do 特意,专门做某事,如:
He went out of his way to make me happy. 他特意使我高兴。
18. make mistakes 犯错误(复数)make a mistake 犯错误(一个)
19. be different from 与…不同,如:
Chinese food is different from theirs. 中国菜与他们的不同.
20. get/be used to sth. 习惯于…;get/be used to doing习惯于…;be used to do被用于做…; be used for doing被用于做…; used to do 过去常常做… 如:I wash clothes everyday. But I’m used to it.我每天都洗衣服,但我习惯了
I am used to washing clothes. 我习惯于洗衣服了。
The knives are used to cut things. 小刀被用来切东西。
The knives are used for cutting things. 小刀被用来切东西。
She used to watch TV after school. 她过去放学后常常看电视。
21. 我发现要记住每一样事是困难的。I find it difficult to remember everything.
形式宾语 真正宾语
常见的形式宾语有:find / think + it/them +形容词 to do sth. 如:
I think it hard to study English.
22. cut up 切开,切碎 如:Let’s cut up the water melon. 让我们切开这个西瓜吧。
23. make a toast 敬酒
24. crowd v.挤满 其形容词和过去式及过去分词都是:crowded
25. set n. 一套 v. 设置
26. can’t stop doing 忍不住做某事 I can’t stop laughing. 我忍不住笑
27. make faces 做鬼脸; 28. face to face 面对面
29. learn…by oneself 自学 如: I learn English by myself. 我自学英语。
Unit 13 疑难点
一、疑点难点破解
1. You have to be careful.你得小心。
疑点:be careful“小心,当心”如:Be careful while crossing the road. 过马路要小心。
难点:be careful后常跟of短语。与它同义的有look out。如:Aren’t you a bit too careful of your health?你对个人的健康难道不是有点过于小心了吗?Look out!There’s danger ahead.当心!前面有危险。
2. At times an ad can lead you to buy something you don’t need at all.有时广告可能导致你买你根本不需要的东西。
疑点:at times= sometime,是副词性短语,表示事物发生的频率。如:He is late for school at times.他有时上学迟到。
难点:1)对含有at times的短语进行提问时,用How soon,如:How soon does he go to school late?At times. 2)句中lead意为“使得、导致”,常用于短语lead sb. to do sth.“导致某人做某事”如:What leads you to think so?
3.Soft lighting makes people look good,but it make food look bad.柔和的光线使人的脸色看上去很好看,但使食物看起来很难看。
疑点:look good/bad意思为“外表的颜色看起来好看/难看”,如:The traffic accident made him look bad.
难点:look fine/ well指看起来身体健康,如:You look better today than yesterday.你今天看上去比昨天好多了。
4. It makes me want to join a clean-up campaign.这让我想加入一次清扫大运动。
疑点:注意join的用法:(1)join加入军队,政党,组织等,成为其中一员。 如:The next year he joined the union.第二年他加入了工会。(2)join加入某人,并一起进行某项活动。如:She joined her husband in his study.她与她的丈夫一块从事他的研究。
难点:与join意思相近的短语take part in也表示“参加……”,take an active part in积极参加。它侧重于参加某项活动或运动。如:Do you take an active part in sports?你积极参加体育活动吗?
5. For instance,they can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.例如,他们能够帮你比较两种不同的产品,以至于你能买到你真正需要的那个。
疑点:for instance相当于for example 意思为“例如”,如:He likes all kinds of sports,for instance he likes playing soccer very much.
难点:句中的compare意为“比较,对照”,可以构成短语compare...with...把……与……相比,compare...to...把……比作……。如:If we compare French schools with British schools,we will find many differences.如果我们把法国的学校与英国的学校相比,会发现许多不同之处。 如:The poet compares the woman he loves to a rose.这位诗人把他所钟情的女人比作玫瑰花。
6. If you think flowers are too feminine a gift for a man to receive,you can consider giving a plant instead.如果你认为鲜花对一位男士来说太女性化而不好接受,你可以考虑送一种植物。
疑点:consider doing sth. 考虑做某事,如:I’m considering changing my job.我正在考虑换工作。
难点:consider还可以加that从句,表示“考虑到…”;还可以组成短语consider sb. +n/adj, 表示“把…看作/认为…”。如:If you consider that she’s only been studying English for six months,she speaks it well. 如果考虑到她学英语才六个月,那么她讲英语讲得的确不错了。Do you consider her suitable for the job?你认为她做这工作合适吗?
二、重点讲解
1. Rainy days make me sad.雨天使人沮丧。make的用法
(1)make+n.make food 做饭;make a plane做飞机;make the bed 铺床;make money 赚钱;make sb./sth.+adj.使某人(感到),使……处于某种状态
(2)make的宾语之后可跟名词、形容词、分词来充当宾语的补足语
1)名词作make的宾语补足语,The party made her a good teacher.党把她培养成为一名好教师.
2)形容词作make的宾语补足语,如:Soccer makes me crazy.足球使我疯狂。 The soft music makes Tina sleepy.轻柔的音乐使Tina快睡着了。Waiting for her made me angry.我很生气一直等着她。
可用到的形容词有:happy,pleased,surprised,angry,annoyed,sad,upset,unhappy,worried,anxious,excited,relaxed,stressed out,tense,calm,scared,comfortable,sick…
3)分词作make的宾语补足语,如:I made myself understood by all the students.You must make yourself respected.
(3) make sb./sth.+do…使某人做某事(不能带不定式符号to),如:Wars make the peace go away.战争使和平远离。注意:当make用于被动语态时,必须带不定式符号to。如:We were made to work all night.我们被迫日夜工作。
(4) make it习惯用语,及时赶到,到达目的地,如:I just made it to my class.(Unit 9)我恰好赶到班级。(arrived in time)
(5) make of /from./out of,make of 原材料制成成品后,原材料未经任何化学变化,仍保持原有性质. 如:The chair is made of wood. make from当原材料制成成品后,经过了化学变化,失去了原有性质。
(6) make up of 常用于被动结构:be made up of…相当于consist of…(由……组成);make up from 由…..所制造,如:A car is made up of many different parts. She wore a necklace made up from gold coins.她戴着一串由金币制成的项链.
2.…but don’t really tell you anything about the quality of the product.但没有真正告诉你有关产品质量的任何问题。
tell sb. about sth.“告诉某人有关某事”,tell sb. sth.“告诉某人某事”。
如:The granny told us about a thief breaking into her house. Tell me where you live.告诉我你住在哪儿?
3. They also have to know how to make money.他们还必须知道如何赚钱。
(1)know how to do 其中的不定式带有疑问词。
know what to do 知道做什么。这一句式可以改为复合句,上句也可为: They also have to know how they can make money. 又如:Please tell me when we should leave. =Please tell me when to leave.请告诉我什么时候离开。
(2)make money/earn money挣钱 如:His father makes /earns a lot of money as a pilot.他父亲当飞机驾驶员挣钱很多。
4. However,some advertising can be confusing or misleading. 然而,一些广告会混淆或误导你。
(1)confuse v.使迷惑;confusing adj令人迷惑的;confusedadj.迷惑的,糊涂的
如:Waking up in strange surroundings confused her.她醒来时看到一片陌生的环境,这把她搞糊涂了。The instructions are very confusing and I can’t understand them.这些指示莫名其妙,我没有办法理解。He gets confused easily.他很容易被弄糊涂。
(2)mislead v.使某人想错/做错,误导;misleading adj.令人受误导的
如:a misleading description/advertisement误导人的描述(广告)
5. Be sure to follow your host’s suggestions.务必要遵从主人的暗示或提议。
(1)be sure to别忘了,记住。如:Be sure to turn everything off before you go to bed.别忘了睡觉之前关上各样东西。
(2)be sure to do一定会…的,必定会发生的。如:It’s sure to rain. 必定会下雨。
(3)be sure of 对…有把握。如:He’s sure of living to ninety.他对活到90岁很有信心。
三、语法展示
宾语补足语
1.宾语补足语和宾语一起称为复合宾语,可作宾语补足语的有:名词,代词,形容词,副词,分词,不定式,介词短语,名词从句。
如:(1)We call him Jim.我们叫他吉姆。
(2)Whom do you think of me? 你以为我是谁?
(3)Please keep the room clean.请保持室内清洁。
(4)He found her out.他发现她出去了。
(5)She found the book interesting.她认为这本书很有意思。
(6)You’d better have your shoes mended.你还是请人把鞋补一补吧。
(7)Make yourselves at home.不要受拘束。
(8)We made him what he is.是我们使他成为现在这样。
2.宾语补足语的注意事项
1)作宾语补足语的形容词应放在宾语后,若放在前则变成了定语。
如:(1)We found the man honest.我们发现此人很诚实。(宾补)
(2)We found the honest man.我们发现了这个诚实的人。(定语)
2)在动词elect,choose,make之后用作补语的名词,若是表示“身份,职位”则不带冠词。如:They elected Li Lei monitor last week.上周他们选李雷当班长。
3)有些动词后通常跟“to be+名词或形容词短语”作补语,但to be常省去。这些动词有:think,consider,believe,imagine,suppose,see,find,feel,etc.。
如:He thinks himself (to be) a clever man. 他认为自己很聪明。
4)复合宾语可变为宾语从句。
如:We think her a nice woman.→We think that she is a nice woman.我们认为她是个很好的人。
5)动词let,make,have及感官动词后用不带to的不定式作补语,若变为被动语态,应将to加上。如:I saw tears come into her eyes.→Tears were seen to come into her eyes.我看到她眼里含着泪。
6)感官动词后跟不带to的不定式或现在分词作补语,其区别在于不定式强调事实经过或动作已完成,而现在分词则强调当时情景或动作正在进行。请比较。
如:I like to hear her sing.我喜欢听她唱歌。
I heard her singing last night.昨晚我听到她在唱歌。 |
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