人教版初二英语八年级下册单元同步学习辅导资料

网站工作室

Unit 1 Will people have robots? 词汇（1）
人民教育出版社
  


1. fall  v. come or go down from force of weight, loss of balance, etc; drop; become 落下；跌落；变成

示例

The book fell off the shelf. 这本书从架子上掉了下来。

用法

fall用作动词时，主要有两种用法。一种是作为实义动词，可以和介词或副词搭配，表示“落下；跌落”，例如：I fell back in my chair. 我跌坐到自己的椅子上。另一种是作为系动词，与形容词连用，表示进入某种状态，如：fall asleep 入睡（进入睡眠的状态）。fall的动词过去式是fallen。fall用作名词时，表示“落下；降低”，例如：I sat listening to the fall of the rain on the roof. 我坐着听雨点落在屋檐上的声音。fall还可以表示“秋天”，与autumn意思相同。

词汇扩展

常用搭配：fall asleep 入睡    fall behind 落后于（某人或某物）

                        fall down 跌落     fall in love with 喜爱；爱上

                        fall off 掉下       fall over 跌落；被绊倒

谚语：He who does not advance falls backward. 不进则退。

                 Pride goes before a fall. 骄兵必败。



2. alone adv.   Without any companions 独自地；孤独地

示例

       I don't like going out alone after dark. 我不愿意天黑后独自外出。

用法

解析along 和lonely：

（1）alone 既可用作形容词，又可用作副词，意思是“独自的（地）；单独的（地）”，侧重于说明独自一人，没有同伴或助手。alone和on one's own，by oneself意思相近。alone用作形容词时，一般与be 动词连用，在句中作表语。例如：She is alone at home. 她独自一人在家。alone 用作副词修饰动词时，放在动词后面作状语。例如：I like to work alone. 我喜欢独自一人工作。alone 用作副词时，也可作定语，意思是“只有；仅仅”，但必须置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后。例如：This year alone, we've already planted ten thousand trees. 仅是今年，我们已经载了一万颗树。

（2）lonely只用作形容词，它在句中既可作定语，也可作表语，表示“孤独的；寂寞的”。该词带有“孤寂”的感情色彩。用作定语时，意思为“孤单的；荒凉的；偏僻的”等。例如：That's a lonely island. 那是一个荒凉的岛屿。Lonely用作表语时，可以表示“孤寂的；寂寞的”。例如：I was alone but I didn't feel lonely. 我独自一人，但我并不感到孤独。

词汇拓展

常用搭配：let / leave somebody / something alone 不干涉某人或某物；听其自然

                         let alone 不管；不必考虑

谚语：An evil chance seldom comes alone. 祸不单行



3. dress  v. put clothes on yourself or someone else 穿衣

示例

Is she old enough to dress herself yet? 她会自己穿衣服了吗？

用法

dress还可以用作名词，表示“女服；连衣裙；服装”。例如：Mary wore a long red dress last evening. 玛丽昨晚穿了件红色的连衣长裙。

辨析dress，put on 和wear：

（1）用作动词时，dress既可以表动作，也可以表状态，常用人作宾语，意思是“……穿衣服”，例如：She is only a girl of three. She can't dress herself. 她只是一个三岁的女孩，她还不能自己穿衣服。需要注意的是，在表示“给自己穿衣”时，我们通常说dress oneself (= get dressed)；当dress表示状态时，一般要用be dressed in 结构，例如：She was dressed in a red coat. 她穿着一件红色的上衣。

（2）put on 意思是“穿（戴）上”，强调动作。例如：He put on his coat and went out. 他穿上大衣就出去了。

（3）wear意思是“穿（戴）着”，强调状态。例如：Lucy's mother often wears a pair of glasses. 露西的母亲常常戴着一副眼镜。

词汇扩展

常用搭配：dress (somebody) up (in something / as somebody or something) 化妆打扮

谚语：Eat to please myself, but dress to please others. 吃是使自己受用，穿是使别人受用。

网站工作室

Unit 1 Will people have robots? 词汇（2）
人民教育出版社
  


1. unpleasant adj. not pleasant; not enjoyable 使人不愉快的；不合意的

示例

There is an unpleasant smell from this room. 这屋子里散发出一种难闻的气味。

用法

unpleasant可以表示“令人不快的；讨厌的”，例如：I found his manner very unpleasant. 我觉得他的态度讨厌极了。

词汇拓展

相关词：unpleasantly adv. 厌恶地

反义词：pleasant adj. 令人愉快的

记忆导航

unpleasant 是由pleasant 加上否定前缀un-构成的。类似这种构词法的词还有：able有能力的——unable没有能力的；happy高兴的——unhappy不高兴的。



2. hundred  n. the number 100; a very large number of things or people （一）百；许多（事物或人）

示例

The tree was probably a hundred years old. 这棵树可能已经有一百年了。

Hundreds of people attended the famous director's farewell concert. 好几百人出席了这位著名指挥家的告别音乐会。

用法

hundred 用于数词或含有数量意义的词之后，一般不用复数形式，例如：three hundred, a few hundred 等。但当hundred 表示“成百的；许多的”意思时，它面前不用具体数字，而常用hundreds of 结构。注意hundred 在这个结构中要用复数形式，前面可加some，a few，several等词修饰。例如：Her coat cost hundreds of dollars. 她的大衣价值几百美元。类似的搭配还有thousands of数以千计的；许多的，millions of 数以百万计的；无数的。

词汇拓展

谚语：One good head is better than a hundred strong hands. 上百双有力的手，不如一个聪明的头脑。

To hear a hundred times is not so good as to see once. 百闻不如一见。



3. such adj. of the same kind as the thing or person which has already been mentioned 这（那）样的；这（那）种

示例

He noticed her necklace. Such jewels must have cost a lot, he thought. 他注意到了她的项链。他想，这样的首饰肯定价格不菲。

用法

辨析such 和so：

（1）such 是形容词，意思是“这（那）样的；这（那）种；如此的”，修饰名词。例如：I have never seen such a beautiful place before. 我从未见过这么美的地方。需要特别注意的是，such修饰单数可数名词时，应该按照如下词序：such + a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词。

（2）so是副词，意思是“这（那）么；这（那）样；如此地”，修饰形容词、副词和分词。例如：I have never seen so beautiful a place before. 我从未见过这么美的地方。同样，需要特别注意的是，so修饰单数可数名词时，应该按照如下词序：so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词。此外，当名词前有few，many，little，much等修饰词时，要用so。例如：so many people，so few days，so much time，so little money等。

词汇拓展

常用搭配：such as 例如    such and such 某某；这样那样的

谚语：There's no such thing as a free lunch. 世上没有免费的午餐。

网站工作室

Unit 1 Will people have robots? 词汇（3）
人民教育出版社
   
1. in   prep.   在……之后（用于将来时）

in 100 years 在一百年后

People will have robots in their homes in 100 years.

一百年以后，人们家中会有机器人。

比较：after 在……之后（用于过去时，表示从过去某时间起一段时间之后）

He will come back in two hours. 他两小时后会回来。

He came back after two hours. 他是两小时后回来的。



2. less, fewer 比较少；more 比较多

   less 是little 的比较级，修饰不可数名词

   fewer是few的比较级，修饰可数名词

   more 是much和many的比较级

much 修饰不可数名词，many修饰可数名词

I have less money than he has. 我的钱比他的少。

There are more building in this city than in that city.

这个城市的楼房比那个城市多。



3. fall in love with ...   爱上……

Last year I visited the art exhibition and fell in love with the work of Picasso.

去年我参观了艺术展，爱上了毕加索的作品。



4. a kind of ...   一种；some kinds of ...   几种

a kind of book   一种书

five kinds of flowers   五种花

many different kinds of goldfish   各种不同的金鱼

（fish 单复数相同，此处是复数）



5. as well as 也；与too 同义

   He likes this book and he likes that book, too. / He likes this book as well as that book. 他喜欢这本书，也喜欢那本书。

   She can come here, too. / She can come here as well. 她也能来。



6. worth   adj.   值……；值得……；相当于……价值

   This house is worth $10 000.   这个房子价值一万美元。

   be (well) worth doing sth. （很）值得做

   That film is (well) worth seeing.   那部电影（很）值得看。

   These books are worth reading twice.   这几本书值得看两遍。



7. knock down ...   击倒，撞倒；拆除

   knock down the pins 击倒球柱

   knock down the machine 拆除机器

   knock 组成的词语还有：

   knock on (at) the door 敲门

   knock into sb. 撞了某人

   knock up 叫醒

网站工作室

Unit 1 Will people have robots? 词汇（4）
人民教育出版社
   
1. prediction   n.   预言，预测

predict   v.   predict + that 后接从句，如

The weather forecast predicts sunshine for tomorrow.

天气预告说明天阳光明媚。

I predict that he will win.

我预测他会赢。



2. paper money

paper   n.   纸，纸张，是不可数名词，如a piece of paper。

paper money 中paper是名词做定语，表材质，只用单数。

newspaper n. 报纸，可数名词



3. space   n.   表示“宇宙，空间时”，不可数名词；通常前面不用冠词。

There are many stars in outer space.

在太空中有很多恒星。

Travel through space to other planets interests many people.

现在很多人对穿越太空去其他星球旅行感兴趣。



4. besides   prep.    除了……还；相当于as well as, in addition to。如：

Besides basketball, he also plays soccer well.

除了打篮球以外，他踢足球也踢得很好。

All of us passed besides John.

除了约翰外，我们也都及格了。

I also went there besides Mary.

除了玛丽我也去了。

网站工作室

Unit 1 Will people have robots? 语言要点
广东省教育厅教研室
  


1. --- What do you think Sally will be in five years?

--- I think she'll be a doctor.



2. --- What do you think life will be like in 100 years?

--- Every home will have a robot.



3. --- Will kids go to school?

--- No, they won't. They'll study at home.



4. --- There will be fewer trees.



5. robot, credit card, leisure time, pollution, astronaut, apartment, rockets, space station, moon, fewer, less, fall in love with, World Cup, in the future, the same as, help with

网站工作室

机器人新闻
人民教育出版社
   

Science Daily (June 24, 2009) — Bioengineers at Duke University have developed a laboratory robot that can successfully locate tiny pieces of metal within flesh and guide a needle to its exact location -– all without the need for human assistance.



Science Daily (Feb. 28, 2008) — The type of robot chosen as a personal companion by participants at the University of Hertfordshire Science and Technology Research Institute's (STRI) Showcase is likely to depend very much on their personality type.



Science Daily (Aug. 29, 2008) — Whether driving on the highway or walking down the street, we pick up on both deliberate signals and unconscious cues to predict what other people are going to do and act accordingly. But robots have trouble following each other around, for example, when a leader turns a corner and disappears from sight.



Science Daily (Oct. 21, 2004) — 20 October 2004 – The chances of having an obedient robot do unwelcome or dangerous jobs have increased tremendously, with orders for industrial robots rising to a record 18 per cent in the first half of this year, a new report co-sponsored by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) says.

网站工作室

Unit 1 Will people have robots? 文化背景知识介绍
广东省教育厅教研室
  


Cars are becoming more popular in China and around the world. They have many advantages, but they also have many disadvantages. For example, a car uses more natural resources than a family set of bicycles and causes pollution. It also takes up much more space. In some countries, teenagers get their own cars and driving is a popular activity in songs and movies. Many American films are so-called road movies. In these movies, two or more people set off on a trip to see new parts of their country and get to know each other better along the way.