人教八年级上Unit8知识点学案

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Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?

Section A

1.add的用法

短语：

      add...to...  “把……加到……上”（注：add后接具体事物）

      add to“增加”（注：后接抽象事物，如：困难、美丽、麻烦等抽象名词）

      add up“把……加起来”（注：为动副短语）

      add up to“加起来共计……；总计为；总数达”（注：后接具体总数）

另外，add有“补充说”的意思。

eg:①Shall I add some salt to the soup?

  ②The cost adds up to 1,000 yuan.

  ③What they did added to our difficulty.

  ④Please add them up.

  ⑤Is there anything you’d like to add?

练习：

(  )1.Please _____ my name _____ the list.

A.add;up  B.add;to  C.add;in  D.to add;on

(  )2You’d better ______ your scores and see if you have passed the exam.

A.add up to  B.add to  C.add up  D.add

(  )3.Please _______ the numbers and I’m sure they will _____ more than 1,000.

A.add;add up  B.add up;add to  C.add up;add up to  D.add to;add up

2.finally,at last,in the end

⑴finally“最后”。用于列举一系列内容之后，引出最后一项内容的场合。也可以表示“等了好久才…”，强调好不容易。

⑵at last“终于”。指经过一番拖延或曲折过程后终于达到了某一个目的，强调努力之后的结果；也可指期待已久的事情终于出现，带有一定的感情色彩。只用于过去时，一般不能用于否定句。

⑶in the end“最后”。表示经过许多变化、困难或捉摸不定的情况之后某事才发生。也强调结果，和at last意思相同。但in the end可以用在将来时，at last则不可以。

练习：

(  )1.______ you should peel an orange.Next put it in the blender,and then turn on the blender.

A.Next  B.Finally  C.One  D.First

3.turn短语

turn to转向于；向……求助

turn into变成

turn out结果是；证明是

turn away走开

turn up调高；出现，露面

turn down调低；拒绝

turn in上交

turn on打开

turn off关掉

turn over翻转；翻身

练习：

(  )1.When you leave the reading room,you should remember to _____ the lights.

A.turn on  B.turn off  C.turn down  D.turn to

(  )2.Don’t forget _____ the light when you leave.

A.to turn off  B.turn off  C.to turn on  D.turn on

(  )3.Though I repeated the phone number many times,the foreigner still couldn’t ______ .

A.turn on  B.turn down  C.turn up  D.write down

(  )4.Oh,it’s seven o’clock.Could you ______ the TV?I want to watch CCTV news.

A.turn on  B.turn down  C.turn up  D.turn off

(  )5.______ early,and you won’t be late for school.

A.Turn down  B.Turn up  C.Get up  D.Get down

(  )6.It’s getting dark.Please _____ the light.

A.turn on  B.turn off  C.turn down  D.turn around

(  )7.Don’t _____ the TV.My baby is sleeping now.

A.turn on  B.turn off  C.turn down  D.turn up

4.put短语

put down放下；让（乘客）下车；压下去；写下来

put forward提出

put off推迟；拖延

put on穿上；上演

put out扑灭；吹灭；生产；出版

put away把……收起来放好

put up张贴，挂起；搭起；为某人提供食宿；建造

练习：

(  )1.The lady ______ dancing as a hobby in her sixties,and she is really good at it now.

A.dressed up  B.looked up  C.took up  D.put up

5.need的用法

⑴作实义动词，意为“需要”。

搭配：



              sth.需要某物

    need      to do sth.需要做某事

              doing sth.(=to be done)需要做某事(注：主语为物，do要用主动表示被动。)

⑵作情态动词时，意为“需要”。常用于否定句或疑问句中。

⑶作名词时，意为“需要”。常用于固定句型There is a/no need to do sth.

eg:①We need to go home early.

  ②We don’t need to go home early.=We needn’t go home early.

  ③There is no need to go home early.

练习：

(  )1.She looks tired and _____ have a rest.

A.need to  B.needs to  C.needs  D.turn off

(  )2.The coffee is very cold,it needs _________.

A.hot  B.to be heating  C.to be heated  D.to be hotted

(  )3.You ______ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.

A.needn’t to come  B.don’t need come  C.don’t need coming  D.needn’t come

(  )4.Children also need time ______ .

A.play  B.to play  C.plays  D.playing

6.first...next...then...finally...“首先……接下来……然后……最后……”用于向别人讲述一个事件的发生顺序、做事的先后顺序，或者按顺序介绍什么。

⑴first“首先”可置于句首或句尾。

eg:First I’ll tell you this.

⑵next“其次，接下来”可用于句首或句尾。

eg:Tell me what to do next.

⑶then“然后，其次”与next意思大体相同，但next更强调“接着做某事”，而then则着重于表示“下一个动作在……之后”，常与and连用。

eg:Mary came first and then Jane.

⑷finally“最后，终于”(=at last)

eg:The car wouldn’t start,so finally we decided to go on foot.

练习：

(  )1.______ you should peel an orange.Next put it in the blender,and then turn on the blender.

A.Next  B.Finally  C.One  D.First

7.another,more表示“再多少，又多少”的用法

“再一，又一”    another one=one more

“再……，又……”(≥2)   another+数+ns=数+more+ns

练习：

(  )1.I don’t like the color of the skirt.Could you give me _____ one?

A.other  B.another  C.others  D.the other

(  )2.I can only speak Chinese now,and I want to learn _____ foreign language.

A.the other  B.other  C.another  D.the others

(  )3.Waiter,this salad goes bad.Could you please give me ______ one?

A.other  B.another  C.others  D.the other

Section B

1.fill v.“装满，充满”(—full adj.“满的，饱的”)

搭配：

fill...with用……装满(主语通常是人，被动形式为：be filled with)

be full of装满的，充满的

eg:①He filled his backpack with books and pencils.

  ②The basket is full of different kinds of fruits.

练习：

(  )1.The lake is _____ fish.

A.filled with  B.filled of  C.full with  D.full

(  )2.—The box is too heavy to carry.What’s in it?

     —Oh,It _______ books.

A.is full  B.is used for  C.is aimed at  D.is filled with

(  )3.When I heard my baby girl say her first word,my heart was _____ with joy.

A.filled  B.full  C.getting  D.shown

(  )4.When I heard my baby girl say her first word,my heart was ____ with joy.

A.filled  B.full  C.getting  D.shown

(  )5.Life in the countryside is quite ______ that in modern cities.

A.the same  B.different from  C.full of  D.difference

2.cover v.“遮盖，覆盖，遮掩”n.[C]“覆盖物；盖子；封面”的用法

短语：

cover...with...用……把……覆盖

be covered with...被……所覆盖

eg:①Everything is covered with snow.

  ②You can see a cock on the cover of the book.

练习：

(  )1.The mountains are covered _____ lots of trees.

A.of  B.for  C.with  D.from

3.serve vt.“接待，服务，提供”的用法

搭配：

               sth.提供

    serve       sb.sth.(=serve sth.to sb.)把某物提供给某人

               sb.with sth.用某物招待某人

               up端上(食物)

eg:The company will serve a meal at noon to all of staff workers(职员).

练习：

(  )We invited Jack to our party,but he _____ us.

A.refused  B.accepted  C.agreed  D.served

4.take one’s temperature给某人量体温

have/run a temperature发烧

at a temperature of在……温度时

练习：

(  )Water boils _____ the temperature of 100℃.

A.at  B.of  C.in  D.on

5.全倒装（不借助于be动词，助动词，情态动词，且主语为名词）

表示方位的副词here,there,in,out,up,down,away,off表示顺序的first,next或表示时间的now,then位于句首，且主语为名词时。

eg:①Here comes the bus.

  ②Now comes your turn.

  ③Out ran all the students.

  注：当主语为代词时，不用全倒装。

eg:Here you are.

练习：

(  )1.Hey,Nick._______ comes the last bus!Hurry up,or we’ll have to walk home.

A.This  B.There  C.That  D.It

(  )2.There ____an old clock,a computer and some books on the desk.

A.have                B. are                 C.is              D.has

(  )3.Here _____ the results _____ the students activity survey.

A. is;with     B. are;of    C. is; of  D.are;with

(  )4.Emma,come here.Here _____ an apple for you.

A.is  B.are  C.have  D.has

6.with复合结构的用法     adj

                         adv

                         n

     with+sb./sth.+        介短              表示方式、伴随、原因或让步等，作状语。

                        to do

                        doing

                        done

eg:①She died with his son (being)yet a schoolboy.

  ②The boy stood there with his head down.

  ③He stared at me with his mouth open.

  ④The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.

  ⑤With no one noticing,I slipped out of the room.

  ⑥The child stood there with his eyes fixed on the camera.

练习：

(  )1.With the college entrance examination _______ near,both the parents and the students are more and more anxious.

A.draws  B.drawn  C.drawing  D.is drawing

(  )2.John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work ________ ,he gladly accepted it.

A.finished  B.finishing  C.having finished  D.was finished

(  )3.I want a house ______ many trees around it.

A.for  B.to  C.in  D.with

(  )4.I want to have a house _____ many trees around it.

A.in  B.with  C.for  D.to

7.cut短语

cut across抄近路

cut out省掉，删掉；戒掉

cut in插嘴

cut up切碎(=cut...into pieces)

cut off隔绝；切断；终止

   cut down砍倒

   cut...in two/half切成两半

练习：

(  )1.The apple is too big.You can _____ first.

A.mix it up  B.cut it up  C.cut up it  D.cut them up

(  )2.—Let’s make some dumplings right now.     —OK.I’ll _____ the meat first.

A.cut up  B.put up  C.cut pieces  D.mix up

(  )3.You should ______ the bananas and put them in the blender.

A.cut down  B.cut into  C.cut up  D.cut in

(  )4.—Let’s make some dumplings right now.     —OK.I’ll _____ the meat first.

A.cut pieces  B.cut up  C.put up  D.mix up  

8.句型：It’s time to do sth.(=It’s time for (doing) sth.)到该做某事的时候了。

       It’s time(for sb.) to do sth.(=It’s time for (one’s doing) sth.)到该某人做某事的时候了。

eg:It’s time to go to sleep.

练习：

(  )1.Lily,it’s time ______ your homework.

A.do  B.does  C.to do  D.doing

(  )2.It’s time _____ us _____ take a walk.

A.for;to  B.to;to  C.for;for  D.to;for

(  )3.It’s time _____ dinner.Please wash your hands,Jack.

A.for  B.to  C.with  D.of

9.mix up“搅拌；搅匀；把……混合在一起”“使……混淆”为动副短语。

  mix...(in)to把……混合进……(指把两种不同类的事物混合在一起。)

eg:①She mixed two drinks up in a glass.

  ②I always mix her up with her twin sister.

  ③Mix an egg into batter(面糊).

练习：

(  )1.Put sugar and water in the bowl and _____ together.

A.mix up them  B.mix up it  C.mix it up  D.mix them up

(  )2.Put the ingredients in a bowl and ______ .

A.mix up it  B.mix it up  C.mix them up  D.mix up them

语法：可数名词与不可数名词

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⑴名词单变复

⒈规则变化

情况	加法	例词
一般	加s	book-----books
以s,x,ch,sh结尾	加es	box-----boxes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾	变y为i,再加es	story---stories
以f或fe结尾	变f或fe为v,再加es	knife----knives

注：⑴以元音字母加y结尾，变为复数时，直接加s。

⑵以f或fe结尾的单变复口诀：小偷(thief)的妻子(wife)用刀子(knife)和树叶(leaf)把狼(wolf)劈成两半(half)。

⒉不规则变化

情况	加法	例词
以o结尾	无生命的加“s”；有生命的加“es”。	radio-----radios;tomato----tomatoes
词尾或词中字母发生变化	不确定	(wo)man----(wo)men;foot---feet medium---media;
以s结尾，单复同形	不变	means,series,works
单复数相同	不变	sheep,deer,

⒊其它

形单实复	people(人),police,cattle,the Chinese
形复实单	maths,politics
只有复数	glasses,trousers,clothes

⒋合成名词的复数

一般是只将其中的主体名词变为复数。如果没有主体名词，则只将最后一部分变为复数。

eg:brother(s)-in-law;passer(s)-by;housewife----housewives, grown-up(s).

5.单复数意思不同的名词有：

sand(沙子)---sands(沙滩);good(利益)---goods(货物);thing(东西)---things(情况);work(工作)---works(工厂；作品);glass(玻璃)---glasses(眼镜)。

注：表示国家的人的复数：中日不变，英法变，其余s加后面。

⑵名词的数的考点

常考的绝对不可数名词：news,weather,advice,information,space,work(作),fun,progress,music,attention,furniture,bread,homework,housework等。

练习：

(  )1.—Would you like some _____ ?     —Oh,yes,just a little.

A.milk  B.apple  C.pears  D.oranges

(  )2.—What would you like,sir?     —__________ .

A.Two juice  B.Two bottles juice  C.Two bottles of juice  D.Two bottle of juice

(  )3.I’m going to buy some ______ this afternoon.

A.paper and pencil  B.apples and banana  C.milk and eggs  D.bowl and spoons

(  )4.I’m very hungry.Can you pass me _______ ?

A.three turkeys sandwich               B.three turkey’s sandwich  

C.three turkeys sandwich               D.three turkey sandwiches

(  )5.—What can I do for you?     —I’d like two ________ .

A.bottle of orange  B.bottle of oranges  C.bottles of orange  D.bottles of oranges