意识到初中生的自主学习能动性还不够高,每次学生做完“阅读卡”后我都要进行批改。批改中,我发现学生所做的阅读卡质量完全不一,批改量大。尽管如此,每次我都会对每一份“阅读卡”作认真的批改,详细分析、解释学生记录下的疑难点,相应地给予评价,并挑出质量高的“阅读卡”以供学生传阅。在起到鼓舞作用的同时,为其他学生也提供了学习榜样。一年多的实践证明:教师要求学生记录“阅读卡”,根据“阅读卡”来评价学生,能潜移默化地提高学生自身阅读与写作能力。
(二)指导学生完成好“阅读卡”
开展“阅读卡”教学初期,在布置阅读任务的同时,我都会有目的、有序地给予学生相应的阅读方法与写作技巧的指导。
1.充分利用现有的阅读材料给子读法指导,以助更好地理解文章。
阅读的目的之一是获取信息。但实际上,有相当一部分学生在阅读完一篇文章后并不太理解文章的意思,那就是因为阅读方法不得当。“阅读卡”推出后,根据卡上的相关内容学生带着问题、任务而更好地阅读。阅读不同的体裁应有不同的方法。教学中,我有针对性地选择各种体裁、题材并施之予读法指导,让学生读后有所获、有所感,并记录在“阅读卡”里。
【实例一】读法指导:这是一篇记叙文,首先,要学生找出以下要素:when (the early morning), where (the edge of the Grand Canyon), who (the writer), what (To tell how he feels about the Grand Canyon)。其次,根据阅读卡上的要求找相应的信息(中文已用下画线表明)。最后,要求学生写摘要,写感想。在逐步引导下,学生能真正理解该文,并写下感想,这说明通过记录“阅读卡”,学生不仅可以积累语言知识,还可以受到思想教育。
【实例二】选自《英语周报》
AGAINST BUILDING A MCDONALD’S
I am very worried about McDonald’s building a restaurant in our hometown. We are a small community and we enjoy our local dishes. I am not sure if McDonald’s food is as healthy as they say in their advertisements. When scientists look at it carefully, they find high levels of fat, sugar and salt. This is very worrying. Too many young people are getting fat through eating too much fatty food. McDonald’s is not giving young people a good idea of what a healthy diet should be(论据). Local Chinese food, on the other hand, is full of fresh vegetables and fresh meat and fish. The food at McDonald’s restaurant is always the same, so I wonder if it is made or brought in from elsewhere, Although it is freshly cooked, it must be less healthy than our own locally grown and cooked Chinese food.
I also worry about all those cars bringing people to buy food at McDonald’s. First, there will be petrol fumes, which will make our clean air dirty. Second, there is the problem of all those cars that try to park and prevent other cars from moving quickly through our town(论据)
So when I consider the food and the care, I think we should not allow McDonald’s to build their restaurant in our town (topicsentence).
【实例二】读法指导:这篇议论文主要论说了在“我”家乡建麦当劳餐馆的弊端。我先要求学生根据标题等明确作者的观点:against building a McDonald’s in my hometown. 然后,找出相应的论据(文中已用下画线标明)。议论文找要点,要着眼于找中心论点句、分论点句或句首、句末概括句。最后,要求学生完成“阅读卡”上的信息(文中已用下画线标明),此外,提醒学生读说明文时要注意描述性语言及关键词,读发言稿时要明确作者的观点、态度,••••••不同的体裁应采用不同的阅读方法,方法熟练了,也就必然能取得实际的阅读效果。 |