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2011年中考英语易错题（18）
湖北省宜昌市第五中学 葛 林
1. last
［误］This is the newest news.
［正］This is the latest news.
［析］“最新消息”应为latest news，因为最晚到的新闻才是最新消息，请注意英语与汉语的区别。
last, the last
［误］I saw my brother the last week.
［正］I saw my brother last week.
［析］当谈到与目前有关的上月、上星期等概念时只能用last month, last week, 而不能加定冠词，the last可用于表示一系列词的最后一个，如：That was the last Christmas I spent at home. 但the last可以用来表示持续到现在的一个长时期，如：I am busy for the last week.
2. late
［误］Yesterday I went home lately.
［正］Yesterday I went home late.
［析］late既可作形容词又可作副词；而lately则意为“最近的”，如：I haven't seen her lately.
late, latter, later, lately
late有两个比较级，指时间较晚应用later，如口语中常讲：See you later.（一会见。）而latter则指按顺序讲的后者，或靠后的，其反意词为former，如：the former president（前总统）。又如：I can understand the latter part of the story. 而lately则意为“近来”、“不久前”。
3. lay
［误］We lied on the beach.
［正］We lay on the beach.
［析］英文中有三个动词易混，在考试中也频频出现，它们的现在式、过去式、过去分词以及现在分词是：
lay ( vt. 放) laid, laid, laying
lie ( vi. 躺) lay, lain cying
lie ( vi. .说谎) lied lied lying
4. learn
［误］The teacher said: "You must study this poem by heart."
［正］The teacher said: "You must learn this poem by heart."
［析］study与learn在作“学习”讲时，常常可以互换，但learn侧重于学习成果或初级阶段的模仿性学习，如：The little baby is learning to walk. 而study则多侧重于学习的过程，如：I'm studying at this college. 而learn … by heart则是“记住”、“背诵”之意。
5. leave
［误］I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai.
［正］I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.
［析］leave for一词组为“去某地”，如对话中常讲I'll leave for Shanghai. 因所离开的地点是双方都知道的则可以省略。
leave, forget
［误］I've forgotten my homework at home.
［正］I've forgotten my homework.
［正］I've left my homework at home.
［析］如果句中有地点状语则不要用forget, 而要用leave.
6. lesson
［误］I have two lessons of English.
［正］I have two English lessons.
［正］I have two lessons in English.
［析］“我有两节英语课。”这一表达法如上，但美国老师讲他有两节课时则多用“I have two classes.”teach somebody a lesson 为“教训某人”，或“要吸取教训”，如：Let this thing teaches you a lesson.
7. lend
［误］Please borrow me your bike.
［正］Please lend me your bike.
［析］borrow是指“借入”，如：I want to borrow some books from the library. lend 是“借出”，如：I can lend you my bike. 而keep为“借多久”，如 How long can I keep it?
8. less
［误］He has fewer money than she has.
［正］He has less money than she has.
［析］less是little的比较级，而fewer是few的比较级。要注意前者修饰不可数名词，而后者修饰可数名词。
9. let
［误］The teacher lets the students clean the classroom as a punishment.
［正］The teacher makes the students clean the classroom as a punishment.
［析］虽然let, have, make有相同的用法，但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思。
［误］Let's go to the park, will you?
［正］Let's go to the park, shall we?
［误］Let us go to the park, shall we?
［正］Let us go to the park, will you?
［析］Let's go的反意疑问句是shall we?而Let us go的反意疑问句则是will you?
10. life
［误］Many people lost their life in the Second World War.
［正］Many People lost their lives in the Second World War.
［析］ life作为“生命”、“性命”时应为可数名词；当泛指一般“生活”讲时则为不可数名词，如：Which do you prefer, town life or country life? 又如：Life is not all fun.
11. light
［误］There is a desk with a lit lamp on it.
［正］There is a desk with a lighted lamp on it.
［析］light有两个过去分词：lighted和lit，当用过去分词作形容词当定语时只能用lighted. light 可以用作名词，如：The moon gets its light from the sun. 也可以作形容词，如：The classroom is very light. 还可以作动词，如：The little girl lit a match. 作形容词时还有“轻”、“浅”等意，如：This box is light. I like light blue.
12. like
［误］My sister is very as me.
［正］My sister is very like me.
［析］ as 作为连词其后要接从句，如： She is a good student as his brother used to be. 而like是介词，其后接宾语。
［误］Do you like swimming with me tonight?
［正］Would you like to swim with me tonight?
［析］like作为动词当“喜欢”讲时，其后面可接不定式也可接动名词，用不定式多表达一个一次性的动作，如：I'm sorry I don't like to go swimming tonight. 用动名词则表示一个习惯性的动作，如：I like swimming very much.
like, alike
作为形容词，alike一般不作定语，而只作表语，如；The twins are very alike.
［误］Would you like swimming with us?
［正］Would you like to swim with us?
［析］在would you like … 这一句型中，其后面只能接不定式，而不能接动名词。like的用法还要注意以下两点：① He likes Tom. 为“他喜欢汤姆。”② He is like Tom. 为“他像汤姆。”第二句话的like为介词，而第一句话的like为动词。
13. listen
［误］You should hear the teahcer's advice.
［正］You should listen to the teacher's advice.
［析］hear多侧重于听到某事或某种声音，而listen to则侧重于听的倾向性。如： We listen but hear nothing. 例句为“听取某人意见”，所以只能用listen to someone's advice.
14. little
［误］Don't worry, there is little time.
［正］Don't worry, there is a little time.
［误］There is a little water. Shall I get some?
［正］There is little water. Shall I get some?
［析］要注意中英文在同一问题上的表达法是不同的。如中文“水不多了，我去取点吧。”英文要讲“没水了，我去取点吧。”
little, small
little与small是近义词，在作定语时常常可以互换，如：a little girl或a small girl, 但little一般不作表语，如：The car over there is small. 一句中不要用little. 作定语时little常常带有感情色彩，而small则带有对比的含义。
15. live
［误］Tom lives with his parents' money.
［正］Tom lives on his parents' money.
［误］He lives on teaching.
［正］He lives by teaching.
［析］“靠吃某物为生”应用live on something, 而live by是“靠某种生活手段为生”。
living, alive
living侧重于生活得很好，身体不错，如：My grandfather is still living in his eighties. 而alive则强调没有死而是活着的，如：Is that cat alive or dead?
作者简介：葛林，男，中学英语高级教师，曾在《21世纪英语报》《英语学习》《英语沙龙》等报刊杂志发表教学辅导类文章数十篇，并参与数项省部级科研课题，主要致力于初中英语中考及解题方法、技巧等教学方面的研究。
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