九年级英语优秀教学设计

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Unit11Couldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroomsare?







一、直击课标要求

1．语言目标

Ask for information politely.

2．重点词汇

restroom drugstore main escalator furniture exchange hang fresh slide clown adventure wrap hero monkey king journey brave trick demon period AD battle powerful political force foreign beauty heart hunter slam dunk crime imagination plain creativity look

department store furniture store hang out water slide dress up no longer Monkey King The Three Kingdoms

3．关键句型

Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?

Can you please tell me where I can get a dictionary?

Take the elevator to the second floor．

Turn left．

The drugstore is between the furniture store and the bookstore．

Go past the bank．

Do you know where I can exchange money?

The bank is next to the bookstore．

Could you tell me how to get to the post office?

Parents will spend many happy hours walking through the History Museum．

I've been collecting them for many years．

4．语法

问路和指路

祈使句

二、课前学习提示

（一）词汇

1．exchange [iks't.eind/] vt．交换，交流，交易，兑换；作不及物动词用表示“调换岗位”；它还可作名词用。

【例】

（1）The two girls exchanged seats．

这两个女生调换了座位。

（2）Again she exchanged words with her neighbour．

她又同邻居吵架了。

（3）They exchanged U．S．dollars for Francs．

他们把美元换成了法郎。

（4）Lucy exchanged from Class Three into Class Two．

露西从三班调到了二班。

（5）We had a frank exchange of views．

我们坦率地交换了意见。

（6）She gave him a valuable stamp and received a song book in exchange．

她给他一张珍贵的邮票，换来一本歌曲集。

2．hang[h#0] vt．& vi．悬挂，垂下，徘徊，悬而不决，它的过去式、过去分词是hung，hung或hanged，hanged。hang不可作“吊死，绞死”用，其过去式和过去分词是hanged，hanged。另外hang可作名词用，表示“要点，诀窍”。

【例】

（1）She hung her husband's portrait on the wall．

她把丈夫的肖像挂在墙上。

（2）The window was hung with green curtains．

窗上挂着绿色窗帘。

（3）Long tassels hung down to the floor．

长长的缨子垂到地面。

（4）The decision is still hanging．

尚未做出决定。

（5）The man was hanged in 1947．

那人一九四七年被绞死了。

（6）He believes he's got the hang of driving．

他自信已领会了开车的要领。

（7）I don't get the hang of his remarks．

我不明白他讲话的要点。

3．fresh [fre.] adj．新鲜的，新的，无经验的，清新的，精神饱满的等。

【例】

（1）He doesn't want to speak as he is still fresh here．

他新到这里，所以不想发言。

（2）The brilliant performance are still fresh in people's memory．

那次精彩的演出人们记忆犹新。

（3）I prefer fresh pork to bacon．

我宁愿吃鲜猪肉，不愿吃腊肉。

（4）She is a fresh hand at the job．

她做这项工作还是新手。

（5）Open the window and let in some fresh air．

打开窗户放些新鲜空气进来。

（6）He felt exhausted while the children remained fresh．

他感到精疲力竭，而孩子们却是精神饱满。

4．slide [slaid] vi & vt．滑动，不知不觉地陷入，把……偷偷放入。它的过去式，过去分词是slid，slid（slidden）。

【例】

（1）The boy hurt his hand when sliding on the ice．

这男孩溜冰时把手跌伤了。

（2）The chopsticks slid from her hand．

筷子从她手中滑落。

（3）He slid into the classroom while the teacher was writing on the blackboard．

当老师在黑板上写字时，他偷偷地溜进教室。

（4）He slid the money into his pocket．

他把钱偷偷放进衣袋里。

5．trick [trik] vt．哄骗，打扮；n．诡计，骗局，谋略，恶作剧，窍门，习惯等。

【例】

（1）He tried to trick me into gambling with him．

他想哄骗我同他赌博。

（5）It didn't take him long to learn the tricks of the trade．

他不久就学会了这一行业的窍门。

（6）She has a trick of stroking her hair at the temple before speaking．

她有个说话先理头发的习惯。

6．battle ['b#tl] n．战争，战役，胜利。可作不及物动词用，表示“作战，斗争”。

【例】

（1）Her son fell in battle．

她儿子在战斗中牺牲了。

（2）We must fight to win the battle．

我们必须打赢这一仗。

（3）The battle is to the brave and righteous．

胜利属于勇敢和正直的人。

（4）We are all courageous to battle against all difficulties．

我们都勇于和一切困难作斗争。

7．force [f%:s] n．力量，强力，暴力，效力，要领，势力，威力，（常复）部队；作及物动词用的意思是：“强迫，加快，催育，勉强作战，强攻”等。

【例】

（1）He took the money from her by force．

他强行夺走她的钱。

（2）The force of gravity is with us all the time, though we may not feel it．

地球引力无时无刻不存在，尽管我们可能感觉不到它。

（3）The new law will come into force with the new year．

新法律将自元旦起生效。

（4）He improved the quality of work in his department by force of example．

他以身作则带动他那个部门提高了工作质量。

（5）He forced his way through a crowd．

他从人群中挤了过去。

（6）You will not be able to finish the work in time if you don't force your pace．

你们如不加快进度，是不能按时完成这项工作的。

（7）The plants have been forced in a hot house．

这些花木是在温室里催育的。

（8）He forced a smile before answering my question．

他勉强笑了笑，然后回答我的问题。

8．look [luk] n．看，模样，神态，外貌，美貌，面容。它作动词用含义较多。作不及物动词意思是：“看，好像，显得”；作及物动词意思是：“看，打量，期待”。

【例】

（1）Let me have a look at the book．

让我看看那本书。

（2）The man put on a serious look．

这人摆出一副严肃的样子。

（3）China's foreign trade has assumed a new look．

中国的外贸出现了新局面。

（4）You often judge a man by his looks, don't you?

你经常以貌取人，不是吗？

（5）She doesn't look her age．

她看起来没有那么大岁数。

（6）He looked the stranger up and down．

他仔细打量这个陌生人。

（二）交际用语

1．询问路或某一场所

Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?

Can you please tell me where I can get a dictionary?

Do you know where I can exchange money?

Could you tell me how to get to the post office?

Could you please tell me if there are any good museums in Newtown?

2．指引道路或某一场所

There's a bookstore on River Road．

Take the elevator to the second floor．

Turn left．

Turn right．

Go past the bank．

The drugstore is between the furniture store and the bookstore．

The bank is next to the bookstore．

Go out the front door and take a right．

Walk about three blocks．

Go past the park, and turn left onto Oak Street．

（三）语法

1．问路或指引道路

1）问路的句型

Would you please tell me where…?

Will you tell me how to get to…?

Could you tell me the way to…?

Can you tell me which is the way to…?

2）指引道路的句型。

Go along…, and turn right at…

Walk down… and turn left…

Go straight to… and cross…

You can take No．10 bus, it'll take you right there．

2．祈使句

祈使句我们在前面已经学过，这里不再重述，只是把要特别注意的几点简单述说一下。

1）祈使句的否定结构是在前面加don't，有时也用never，但let's的否定式是把not放其后。

【例】

（1）Don't trouble to come over yourself．

你不必费神亲自过来。

（2）Never forget to lock the door．

不要忘了锁门。

（3）Let's not waste our time arguing about it．

咱们别浪费时间争论这件事了。

2）有时为指明向谁提出请求或命令，也可加上主语或呼语。

【例】

（1）Somebody fetch a basin of water．

谁去打盆水来。

（2）Come in, everybody!

大家都进来！

3）有时主语提出来是为了加强语气或表示“不高兴、厌烦”等。

【例】

（1）You be quiet．

你给我安静点。

（2）You mind your own business! Mind your own business, you!

你少管闲事。

4）祈使句的谓语有时也用进行形式。

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【例】

Don't be standing in the rain．

别站在雨里了。

5）祈使句构成反意疑问句时，通常用will you（won't），以let's开头的句子用shall we（shan't we）。

【例】

（1）Have a little more coffee, will you?

再喝一点咖啡，好吗？

（2）Let's meet at station, shall we?

我们在火车站碰头，行吗？

三、点拨重点难点

1．能熟练应用询问道路及地点的句型，能正确给别人指明道路和地点场所。

2．能应用祈使句，尤其是其构成的反意疑问句。

3．本单元出现的常用词语，如：main, exchange, fresh, hang, trick以及dress up, no longer等。

4．现在完成进行时以及not only…but also…和both…and…等的用法。

5．了解卡通文化对我国的影响以及卡通片的发展历史。外国的卡通片给我国观众，尤其是青少年带来些什么。

四、拓展发散思维

（一）发散思维分析

1．Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?

请你告诉我厕所在哪儿好吗？

Could you…？是个句型，could在此不是过去形式，它此时表示语气婉转、有礼貌。在希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中，以及在含有表示建议、请求和征求意见语气的疑问句中，常用some和something，而不用any和anything。

【例】

（1）Could you lend me your motorbike, please?

请把你的摩托车借给我好吗？

（2）Could you tell me something about yourself．

请谈谈你自己好吗？

（3）Would you like to have some apples?

你们要吃苹果吗？

（4）What about saying something about your school?

说说你学校的情况好吗？

（5）Will you please give the poor boy something to eat?

请给那可怜的孩子一点吃的东西好吗？

2．Can you please tell me where I can get a dictionary?

请你告诉我在哪儿能买到字典好吗？

Can you please tell…，是个句型，它后面可跟宾语从句，也可跟不定式结构。can可换成could, would, will。

【例】

（1）Could you please tell me where we show our tickets?

请告诉我我们在哪儿验票好吗？

（2）Would you tell me how much it costs to fly to Canada?

你能告诉我乘飞机去加拿大要多少钱吗？

（3）Will you tell me when we will have a meeting?

请告诉我我们什么时候开会好吗？

（4）Can you tell me who the old man is?

你能告诉我那位老人是谁吗？

（5）Could you tell me how to get to the post office?

你能告诉我到邮局怎么走吗？

（6）Can you tell me what to do next?

你能告诉我下一步怎么做吗？

3．Take the elevator to the second floor．

乘电梯上二楼。

take在此表示“搭、乘”的意思。

【例】

（1）He told me to take an express．

他叫我搭乘特别快车。

（2）She takes a bus to work every day．

她每天乘公共汽车上班。

4．The bank is next to the bookstore．

银行在书店的隔壁。

next to是“贴近，隔壁”的意思。

【例】

（1）The house standing next to ours is a cinema．

我们隔壁的那幢房子是一家电影院。

（2）Who is crying in the room next to mine?

谁在我隔壁房间里哭？

5．There's always something happening．

总会有事发生。

happening是现在分词作定语，当然过去分词也可作定语。

【例】

（1）We can see the rising sun．

我们可以看到东升的旭日。

（2）He is a retired worker．

他是位退休工人。

（3）There was a girl sitting there．

有个女孩坐在那里。

（4）This is the question given．

这是所给的问题。

（5）There is nothing interesting．

没有有趣的东西。

6．…．where the food is both delicious and cheap．

食品既好吃又便宜。

both…and…是并列连词，当它连接两个主语时，谓语要用复数。

【例】

（1）Both my father and mother like singing．

我父母都喜欢唱歌。

（2）A man should have both courage and perseverance．

一个人既应有勇气也要有毅力。

（3）We must pay attention both to English and to other subjects．

我们应对英语和其他学科都重视。

7．I live right next to a supermarket．

我就住在超市的隔壁。

right在此起到强调的作用，它是副词，含义很多，如：“对，顺利，直接地，正好，完全，非常”等。

【例】

（1）You have guessed right．

你猜对了。

（2）Everything will go right with you if you follow the doctor's advice．

如果你照医生的建议去做，一切都会好的。

（3）The wind was right in the face．

风迎面吹来。

（4）They placed the table right in the middle of the room．

他们把桌子放在房间正中。

（5）He has read right through the book．

他把这本书全部读完了。

（6）I am right glad to hear the news．

听到这个消息我非常高兴。

8．I've been collecting them for many years．

多年来我一直在收集他们（邮票）。

本句是个现在完成进行时的句子，表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍然在进行，也可能停止了一会儿。

【例】

（1）How long has it been raining?

雨下多久了？

（2）We've just been talking about you．

我们正谈着你呢。

（3）What book have you been reading these days?

这几天你在看什么书？

（4）I've been hoping I'd have chance to see the film．

我一直盼望有机会看这部电影。

9．What kind of food are you looking for?

你在找哪种食品？

look for是个短语，强调“寻找”这一动作，而find则强调找的结果，表示“找到”；类似的词语还有hear和listen to。

【例】

（1）The young lady is looking for her pet dog．

那位年轻的女士在找她的宠物狗。

（2）He has found his lost bike．

他已找到丢失的自行车了。

（3）They are listening to a piece of beautiful music．

他们正听一曲优美的曲子。

（4）He heard their whisper．

他听见他们在低声说话。

10．Cartoons are no longer just for kids．

卡通片不再仅仅是为了孩子。

no longer不再，我们前面已述说过，不再重述它的作用，只注意它与not…any longer在位置的不同，与no more（not…any more）的区别请看前面。

【例】

（1）Hefei today is no longer the Hefei of the past．

今日之合肥不再是旧日之合肥了。

（2）I can't wait any longer．

我不能再等了。

（3）She refused to remain silent any longer．

她不愿再保持缄默了。

11．People also became interested in foreign cartoons．

人们也对外国的卡通片感兴趣。

be （become）interested in 是个固定的搭配，表示“对……感兴趣”。

【例】

（1）She is not interested in sports．

她对体育运动不感兴趣。

（2）The boy becomes interested in playing football．

那男孩对踢足球感兴趣。

（3）Some of you students aren't interested in English．

一些学生对英语不感兴趣。

（二）发散思维应用

典型例题1

Excuse me! Would you please tell me ?

A．where is the No．1 Middle School

B．the No．1 Middle School is where

C．the No．1 Middle School where is

D．where the No．1 Middle School is

解析 答案：D 本题是日常生活中问路的一种表达方式，重点是宾语从句，宾语从句应注意时态、语序和引导词三个问题，即主、从句时态的呼应，引导词在从句中的作用以及从句的陈述语序，本题中还应注意专用名词的大小写等，依据上述要求只有D符号，故D是正确答案。

典型例题2

将下列句子改为被动语态：He gave me a new watch．

凡含双宾语的句子改为被动语态时，多数是将主动句中的间接宾语改为被动句的主语，直接宾语作保留宾语，但也可将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语作保留宾语，但这时保留宾语前需加介词to或for。

【题型发散】

发散1　选择填空题

（ ）1．There's a bookstore the third floor．

A．on　　　B．at　　　C．in　　　D．about

（ ）2．Do you know I can buy this kind of sweets?

A．which　 B．where　 C．what　　D．who

（ ）3．I prefer outside．

A．be　　　B．to being　　C．being　　D．been

（ ）4．When she goes into stores she always spends money．

A．much too　B．little too　C．many too　D．too much

（ ）5．This character seems someone real．

A．like　　　B．to like　　C．liking　　D．likes

解析＆答案：

1．A 本题是表示在某层楼上，通常用介词on。

2．B 本题主要是考查宾语从句的引导词，根据句意引导词在从句中作状语，那么只能选where了。

3．C prefer是及物动词，它后可跟名词、代词、不定式或动名词作宾语，根据提供的答案，只能选being。

4．D 这里主要是不可数名词的修饰语，根据句义，花太多的钱，那就只能选too much。

5．A 根据句义，似乎像……，那这里不能使用不定式，只能用介词like，表示“像……”。

发散2　将下列短语译成英语

1．在二楼上

2．向右转

3．吃东西的地方

4．闲荡

5．打扮

6．《三国演义》

解析＆答案：

1．on the second floor 　2．turn right　3．a place to eat 　4．hang out 　5．dress up 　6．The Three Kingdoms

【正误发散】

下列各句均有一处错，请找出

（　　）1．This kind of buses make in Hefei．

　　　　　　     A　　　　B　　C　　D

（　　）2．Do you think these books are made from paper?

　　　　　  A　　　　B　　　C　　　　    D

（　　）3．There are four Germen in our school．

　　　　　     A　　　　　B　    C　 D

（　　）4．Half of the books is written in English．

　　　　        A　　　　B　  C　　D

（　　）5．My mother cooked when I knocked at the door．

　　　　　　　　　　    A　　 B　　   C　　D

（　　）6．You can get the keys of the test paper from our teacher．

　　　　　　        A　　　　 B　　　     C　　　  D

解析＆答案：

1．C 此句主语不能发出动作，因此要用被动语态，is made。

2．D be made from由……制成，看不出原材料，这里纸制成书，应用of。

3．B 德国人的复数形式是Germans。

4．C 分数加名词构成短语时，视其后面的名词而定，名词是复数，谓语动词用复数形式，名词是单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，此处应用are。

5．A 从句的动作发生时主句的动作在进行中，应用进行时态，根据时间，此主句用过去进行时was cooking。

6．B 表示什么的答案或什么门的钥匙时，英语用key to形式。

【词义发散】

根据句意，指出划线部分的确切含义，将序号填入题前括号内

（ ）1．Do you know when the plane will land．

A．陆地　B．着陆　C．起飞　D．呆在原地

（ ）2．Bill borrowed the bike form Kate．He soon returned it to her．

A．回来　B．返回　C．续借　D．归还

（ ）3．The old man passed away yesterday evening．

A．走开　B．递给　C．去世　D．动身出发

（ ）4．The young man can't see clearly without glasses．

A．眼镜　B．玻璃杯　C．玻璃　D．玻璃制品

（ ）5．There is a tall building by the river．

A．被、由　B．乘　C．在……旁边　D．最迟在

解析＆答案：

1．B 指飞机降落。

2．D 根据句意，先借了东西，后面指归还。

3．C 指老人死了。

4．A 本句含义是看不清，所以需要眼镜

5．C by是多义词，在此表示位置。

【词形发散】

用所给词的适当形式填空

1．Computers are       （wide）used in the world．

2．       （travel）also use computers．

3．Five       （American）have arrived here．

4．I think Chinese is very       （use）, too．

5．Edison was a great American       （invent）．

6．The students don't know the       （different）between the two sentences．

解析＆答案：

1．widely 在此处作状语。

2．Travellers 这里需要主语，故用名词且要用复数。

3．Americans 五个美国人，应用复数形式。

4．useful 非常有用，需要形容词。

5．inventor 发明家，在invent后加or。

6．difference 指两者之间的不同点，故用名词。

【综合发散】

完形填空

At half  1  five, Mrs Black heard her husband park the car  2  the house and went out to speak to him right away．

“What's wrong with you?” he asked．“You look worried．”“I have  3  a terrible mistake, dear,” she said．“Mrs Smith called me half  4  hour ago．We got talking and then  5  thinking, I asked her and her husband to come to have dinner  6  us this evening．”

“Well, that's  7  to be worried about,” Mr Black said．“We will have a pleasant  8 ．We haven't seen the  9  for a long time．”“I'd like them  10 ,” Mrs Black answered.“But I've just  11  there is almost not any food at home．You didn't remember  12  some．I asked you to get some  13  your way home from work three days ago．”

“Some food?” Mr Black said．“Oh, my dear, yes, I  14  now．I did buy some．It's in the car．It's been there for the  15  three days．”

（　）1． A．past　　　  B．passed　   C．to　　　  D．at

（　）2． A．in　　　　  B．inside　   C．outside　 D．on

（　）3． A．had　 　　  B．made　　   C．got　　 　D．received

（　）4． A．past　　　  B．to　　　   C．the　　 　D．an

（　）5． A．with　      B．out of　   C．for　　 　D．without

（　）6． A．with　　　　B．for　　 　 C．without   D．out of

（　）7． A．nothing 　　B．everything C．anything  D．something

（　）8． A．hour　　　　B．day　　　　C．evening　 D．week

（　）9． A．wife　　    B．husband　　C．Smiths　　D．friend

（　）10．A．came　　    B．to come　　C．come　　　D．coming

（　）11．A．finded　    B．founded　　C．found　　 D．know

（　）12．A．to buy　    B．bought　　 C．buying　　D．buys

（　）13．A．in　　　    B．on　　　　 C．to　　　　D．above

（　）14．A．remembered　B．forget　　 C．remember　D．remembering

（　）15．A．past　　　　B． / 　　　　C．pass　　　D．future

解析＆答案：

1．A 表示几点半用past，超过半用to。

2．C 车应停在房子外面。

3．B 犯错用make a mistake。

4．D 半小时用half an hour。

5．D 根据上下文含义，此处指没有思考。

6．A 与某人一起用with。

7．A 丈夫认为请人吃饭是件愉快的事，所以此处指没有什么可担忧的。

8．C 这里指朋友来访，我们会度过一个愉快的夜晚。

9．C 这里指很长时间没有见到他们夫妇，不是他们中的某一位。

10．B 乐意某人做某事，这里要用不定式。

11．C find是不规则动词，过去分词是found。

12．A remember后跟不定式表示记住该要做的事。

13．B 在什么的路上用on。

14．C 现在记起来了用一般现在时态。

15．A 指到现在为止过去的三天。

五、单元小结

本单元是围绕“Ask for information politely”为主线开展教与学的活动的，在学习常用和重点词语的基础上，着重学习了问题和指引道路及场所的表达方式；进一步复习了祈使句，进而学习了一些重点句型和日常交际用语以及并列连词both…and和not only…but also等。本单元还出现了现在完成进行时态。此外还学习了一些同义、近义词，介绍了卡通片对青少年的教育作用以及外国卡通片对中国文化和中国青少年的影响。通过本单元的学习，要求能熟练表述问路、指引道路或场所，对卡通片的正、反面的作用和影响要有充分的认识，从而从中学到好的东西。

（一）知识网络建构

1．分词作后置定语

分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。

1）如动词所表示的动作是所修饰的词发出的，即所修饰的词和动词是主动关系，则用现在分词。

【例】a man standing there

a girl wearing glasses

There's a fire burning in the fireplace．

He heard the sound of children playing in the park．

2）若动作不是所修饰的词发出，而是由别人做的，即所修饰名词和动词是被动关系，则用过去分词，动作的执行者常由by引出。

【例】a book written by Luxun

　　　the newspapers sold on trains

Remember to water the vegetables grown by the farmers．

Who wrote the book borrowed by your sister?

2．副词修饰谓语动词时的位置

1）一般放在句子末尾。

【例】The pen writes well．

He speaks English fluently．

2）有时为了强调，可放在句首。

【例】Finally we won the victory．

First we must prepare the text well before class．

3）大多数单个副词在不需要强调时，可以放在be或助动词之后、实义动词之前。

【例】There is always some lightening when it thunders．

We usually play basketball in the afternoon．

3．同位语

同位语也是一种名词修饰语。所谓同位，是指一个语言项目与另一语言项目（通常是名词或名词词组）齐列，后一个项目对前一个项目起修饰或细节描绘的作用。

1）同位语通常位于与之同位的名词之后，有时也可位于其前。

【例】Do you kids, have any ideas?

2）同位语通常用逗号与其所修饰的名词（或名词词组）隔开，有时也可用破折号和冒号。

【例】Half an hour later, the second diver returned with the same report-nothing．

一般来说，用逗号通常表示普通的同位关系；用破折号，停顿较长，对同位语起强调的作用；用冒号，停顿最长，强调的作用更大。

【例】I want very much to read these new novels: especially the one you mentioned．

（二）新课标新中考

1．常用的重点词语，如main, hang, fresh, trick以及短语hang out, dress up, no longer等。

2．问路和指引道路的句型和表达方式。

3．祈使句及其所构成的反意疑问句。

4．并列连词not only…but also…和both…and…的用法。

5．卡通片的发展史以及外国卡通片对中国文化和青少年的影响。

（三）新题型新导向

【例1】If H2 burns in O2, we can get ．

A．H2　B．H2O　C．O2　D．H2O2

（2003年南京市中考题）

解析＆答案：B 本题主要是学科渗透题，考查学生的化学知识，只要知H2与O2燃烧生成什么就行。

【例2】— What would you like to drink, girls?

  —          , please．

A．Two cup of coffee

B．Two cups of coffees

C．Two cups of coffee

D．Two cup of coffees

（2003年黄冈市中考题）

解析＆答案：C 本题主要考查“数量”与不可数名词的关系。不可数名词不能加复数，B、D两答案是错的，两杯咖啡的杯是可数名词，这样应在“量”上加复数，所以A也不对，只有C是正确答案，其表示法为数词加“量词”加of再加不可数名词。

【例3】区别interesting和interested的用法。

在某些表示人们感情的词后面加ed表示“感到……”，指人。加ing表示“令人感到……”，一般指事物。

【例】（1）Football is really interesting．People all over the world are interested in it．

  足球确实令人感兴趣，全世界的人都对足球感兴趣。（interesting说的是football的情况，interested说的是people的情况）

（2）I found him interested in the story．He found the story interesting．

  我发现他对这个故事很感兴趣。他觉得这个故事很有趣。（两词都作宾语补足语，interested说的是宾语him的情况，interesting说的是宾语story的情况）

（3）He was surprised to hear the surprising result．

  听到这个令人惊讶的结果，他惊奇不已。

（4）She was pleased at the pleasing news．

  听了那令人喜悦的消息后她兴奋不已。

【例4】pleasant, pleasing, pleased, glad, happy, cheerful, merry, gay, jolly, joyful（joyous）的用法。

pleasant“令人愉快的”，用于将快乐给予他人的场合。pleasing“讨人喜欢的，令人喜爱的”。pleased“高兴的”，用于自己喜悦的场合，语气比glad弱些。glad“高兴的”，指一时的、强烈的喜乐而言，比pleased表示较强的、较为短暂的喜悦感情，一般用作表语。happy“高兴的、快乐的、幸福的”，在表示“高兴”时与glad可通用，表示特定时刻一个人喜悦的感觉，但happy还可解释为“幸福的”。cheerful“愉快的”，常指乐观、愉快的心情的自然流露，着重内在的愉快，兼指事物令人愉快。merry“愉快的”，比cheerful表示更强烈的感情，含有“愉快地笑，笑闹或微醉的特别喜乐”的意味，大抵上可以说cheerful指心的常态，而merry指精神暂时高涨。gay“快活的，愉快的”，含有“无忧无虑而快乐、活泼”的意味。jolly“愉快的，快乐的，宜人的”，口语用，意为充满快乐与喜悦的神情，例如说，愉快的人、时、地、笑声、欢乐声等。joyful（joyous）“愉快的，快乐的”，有“充满欢乐，兴高采烈”或“令人欢欣”的含义，指充满欢乐的状态，用于人时，指意气洋洋的神情。

【例】（1）The music is pleasant to the ear．乐声悦耳。

（2）He is a pleasing young man with pleasing manners．

  他是个有着令人喜爱的举止的讨人喜欢的年轻人。

（3）I shall be pleased to go there．

  我将很高兴地去那儿。

（4）I am glad you are pleased with my little present．

  我很高兴你对我的小礼物感到满意。

（5）The news made her very happy．

  这消息使她非常幸福（快乐）。

（6）He always looks cheerful．

  他总是显得快乐。

（7）Wish you a merry Christmas!

  祝你圣诞快乐！

lspjy

Unit10BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft．







一．学习目标（Language Goal）

1．Learn to narrate past events．学会描述过去所发生的事情。

2．Learn to express something with Past Perfect Tense. 学习使用过去完成时态。

3．Strengthen the consciousness of doing things regularly．做事加强连续性，有条不紊。

二．语言结构（Language Structures）

1．Past perfect Tense 过去完成时

2．“By the time”和“when”引导的时间状语从句

三．目标语言（Target language）

1．By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom．

2．By the time she went outside, the bus had already gone

3．By the time she got to class, the teacher had already started teaching．

4．When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home

5．Have you ever overslept?

6．Have you ever been late for school?

四．重点词组（Key phrases）

1．by the time 到…时候为止

2．get outside 到外边

3．get to school 到学校

4．get up 起床

5．get into the shower 去洗澡

6．get home 到家

7．start doing / to do sth 开始做某事

8．be late for 迟到

9．go off （闹钟）闹响

10．wake up 醒来

11．come out 出来，出现

12．run off 迅速离开，跑掉

13．on time 准时

14．in time 及时

15．come by （走）过来

16．give sb a ride 让某人搭车

17．break down 损坏，坏掉

18．show up 出席，露面

19．stay up 熬夜

20．a costume party 一个化装舞会

21．sth happen to sb 某事发生在某人身上

22．so …that … 如此…以至于

23．set off 出发，开始

24．April Fool's Day 愚人节

25．get married 结婚

26．marry sb 与某人结婚

27．both …and … 二者…都…

28．get dressed 穿好衣服

29．on the first day 在第一天

五．语法重点（Grammar Focus）

1．Past perfect Tense 过去完成时

构成：had＋过去分词（had没有人称和数的变化）

过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。既然过去完成时的动作发生在过去某一时间之前，那么，使用过去完成时就必须先有这样一个过去的时间。

eg．I had finished my homework before supper．

    我在晚饭前把作业做完了。

句中的supper既是过去某一时间，而had finished 这一动作就是在supper 之前完成的。如果只说I had finished my homework．听者会觉得难以理解。由此可见，过去完成时是个相对的时态，它不能离开过去的时间而独立存在。

eg．By the end of that year Henry had collected more than one thousand foreign stamps．

    到那年年底，亨利已经收集了一千多张外国邮票。（过去时间是the end of that year）

eg．When we got there, the football match had already started．

    当我们到那里时，足球比赛已经开始了。（过去时间是when从句）

动词过去分词的构成与一般过去式的构成相似，一般情况下在动词词尾加－ed，特殊动词须特殊记忆，如：have—had—had，get—got—gotten，begin—began—begun，leave—left—left，go—went—gone等。例如：

She had learnt 2000 English words by the end of last month．

到上个月末，她已经学了2000个英语单词了。

I hadn't learnt Japanese before I went to Japan．

我去日本之前没学过日语。

注意：过去完成时的否定句和疑问句直接通过had的变化即可。

2．when 和by the time引导的时间状语从句

by the time 到……时候为止，指从过去某一点到，从句所示的时间为止，这一时间段。when当……时候，指过去的某一时间点。从句用一般现在时，主句为过去完成时。

eg．By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom．

    到她起床的时候，她的弟弟已经去洗澡间了。

    By the time she went outside, the bus had already gone

    到她走到外面的时候，公共汽车已经走了。

    When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home

    当她到学校的时候，她意识到她把书包放在家里了。

   （在这句话中，过去的时间点为“到校”的时候，“她把书包放在家里”则发生在“过去的过去”。）

3．How to narrate past events．如何描述过去的事件

描述过去的事件，首要注意一点是时态。由于事情发生在过去，因此一定要用过去的某种时态。但如果是直接引语（如在双引号“”之内），则根据当时的情况来决定。

表示过去的时态有：

（1）一般过去时：结构：动词的过去式

（2）过去进行时：结构：was / were ＋现在分词

（3）过去完成时：结构：had＋过去分词

（4）过去将来时：结构：would＋动词原形

请看例文1：

It was Sunday．I went to a pool to fish．I thought there must be some fish for me to catch．I held my fishing pole, waiting patiently．Suddently a big fish was caught．I was glad and put it into my little basket．Before long my sister cameWithout a word she put back the fish into the water．I was astonished．I really thought she became mad．She ordered me to put down the fishing pole and led me to a place not far away．There stood a sign, reading”No fishing”．I realized that I was making a mistake

（注意观察文中时态的应用）

例2：请大声朗读Section A 3a，并找出其中用到的时态。

六．疑难解析（Key Points）

1．get to 意为“到达”。例如：

When did you get there last night?

你昨晚什么时候到那儿的？

I get home at 7:00 every day．

我每天7:00到家。

When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun．

我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。

辨析：get, arrive与reach

这三个词都可以用来表示“到达”，但是用法不同。

（1）get和arrive都是不及物动词，其后只能跟表示地点的副词，若是跟名词则须再加介词，即get to ＋地点名词，arrive in / at ＋地点名词（in 之后跟表示大地方的词，at之后跟表示小地方的词）。若是只说“到达”，而不指出到达哪里，则只能用arrive。例如：

How did you get / arrive there?

你怎么到那儿的？

I got to / arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday．

我前天到的北京。

When do you often get to / arrive at school?

你经常什么时候到校？

When will you arrive?

你什么时候到？

（2）reach为及物动词，其后既可跟名词也可跟副词。例如：

I reached Beijing the day before yesterday．

我前天到的北京。

We reached here on foot．

我们步行到这儿的。

2．关于get的词组小结

在本单元出现大量关于get的词组，要注意背诵：

get to school 到学校

get into the shower 去洗澡

get outside 到外边

get home 到家

get up 起床

get married 结婚

get dressed 穿好衣服

get to class 到班级

get bored 变得无聊

get tired 变得疲劳

3．I've never been late for school, but yesterday I came very close

我上学从未迟到过，但是昨天差一点儿就迟到了。

（1）I've 是I have的缩写，have been late是现在完成时态，现在完成时是指一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去，而且对现在产生了一定的影响，其构成是have / has＋动词过去分词。例如：

I have been here since 1999．

自1999年以来我就在这儿。

We have lived in Jinan for 20 years．

我们已经在济南住了20年了。

She hasn't worked for 2 years．

她已2年不工作了。

（2）be late for 意为“……迟到”，for为介词，所以其后须跟名词。例如：

Don't be late for the meeting．

开会别迟到了。

Jim was late for school again．

吉姆上学又迟到了。

Tom has been late for classes twice.

汤姆上课已经迟到两次了。

（3）close在此为副词“接近地，靠近地”。此外came very close意为“到时与迟到很接近”。

4．My alarm clock didn't go off, … 闹钟没有大响……

go off 意为“爆发，大响”。例如：

Although the alarm clock went off, he didn't wake up．虽然闹钟大响，但是他还是没有醒来。

与go有关的词组还有：

（1）go in for“参加”（竞赛、考试）；（作为嗜好、工作）“爱好”。例如：

She goes in for bird－watching．她爱好赏鸟。

（2）go on“进行，继续”。例如：

Please go on．请继续。

（3）go on doing sth 或go on with sth“继续做……”。例如：

He went on working without having a rest．

他一直工作，没停下来休息过。

（4）go over“调查，视察；越过”。例如：

You must go over your lessons before the exam．

考试前你必须复习。

5．…and I had to wait for him to come out．……我不得不等他出来。

（1）have to 意为“必须，不得不”。例如：

Do you have to take the test?

你必须考试吗？

Tom has to practice speaking Chinese every day．

汤姆每天必须练习讲汉语。

辨析：have to 与must

这两个词都可以表示“必须”。have to 更加强调客观原因，而must则强调主观原因；含有have to 的句子在作句型转换时须借助于助动词do，does或did，而must本身是情态动词，进行句型转换时可以直接通过must改变。例如：

It is raining, we have to stay at home.

天在下雨，我们不得不待在家里。

We must work hard．

我们必须努力工作。

Lucy doesn't have to stand．

露茜不必站着。

You mustn't play in the street．

你不能在街道上玩。

（2）wait 是不及物动词“等待，等候”的意思。可以用于词组wait for sb．“等某人”，wait to do sth．“等着做某事”，wait for sb to do sth．“等某人做某事”。例如：

Who are you waiting for?

你在等谁？

They can't wait to open the presents．

他们迫不及待地打开礼物。

You can wait for him to help you．

你可以等着他帮你。

6．Unfortunately, by the time I got there, the bus had already left．

不幸的是，我到那儿的时候，公交车已经走了。

unfortunately 是副词“不幸地”，是由fortunately加否定前缀“un”构成的。英语中有一部分词在词首或词尾加上前缀或后缀就可以变成另外一个词。如：lucky（幸运的）－unlucky（不幸的），use（用）－useful（有用的），forget（忘记）－forgetful（健忘的），un作前缀表示“not”的含义，即“un”是一个否定前缀。例如：fit（合适的）－unfit（不合适的），fair （公平的）－unfair（不公平的），known（闻名的）－unknown（不闻名的）等。

7．Luckily, my friend Tony and his Dad came by in his Dad's car and they gave me a ride.

幸运的是，我的朋友托尼和他爸爸坐着他爸爸的车经过，他们让我搭了个便车。

（1）come by 意为“经过，走过；获得，获有”。例如：

Please let the car come by．

请让车过去。

Good jobs are not easy to come by．

好工作不容易找到。

与come有关的其他词组：

<1>come out”出来；开花；出版”。例如：

The moon has come out．

月亮出来了。

It's too cold for the flowers to come out．

天太冷了，花不开了。

<2>come about”发生，产生”。例如：

Tell me how the accident came about．

告诉我事情是怎么发生的。

<3>come across“（偶然）发现……，遇见……”。例如：

I came across his name on the list．

我无意中在名单上发现他的名字。

<4>come after”继……之后，接……而来”。例如：

Sunday comes after Saturday．

星期天在星期六之后。

<5>come back”回来”。例如：

When did he come back?

他什么时候回来的？

<6>come to oneself”苏醒，醒过来”。例如：

At last, he came to himself．

最后他醒了。

<7>come from”来自”。例如：

Julia comes from Australia．

朱莉娅来自澳大利亚。

（2）give sb a ride 意为“让某人搭便车”。ride在此为名词“搭车，乘车”的意思。get a ride 意为“搭便车”。例如：

Can you give me a ride, Jack?

杰克，能让我搭个便车吗？

I want to get a ride.

我想搭个便车。

8．I only just made it to my class．我恰好到教室。

make it 意为“成功了，做成了”。这里指的是没有迟到，准时到达。例如：

－Have you got the job?

－你得到那份工作了吗？

－Yes, I made it．

－是的，我成功了。

9．Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school?

你曾忘了把作业带到学校吗？

（1）辨析：forget to do 与forget doing

forget to do 指的是“忘了去做……”，即该事还未做；而forget doing 则指“忘了做了……”，即该事已经做完。例如：

Don't forget to turn off lights when you go out．

出去时别忘了关灯。

Sorry, I forgot to bring the books again．

对不起，我又忘了带书来了。

Lucy forgot locking the door．

露茜忘了已锁了门了。

Tom forgot turning off TV．

汤姆忘了关了电视了。

（2）辨析：bring, take

bring 意为“把……拿来，取来”。即把某物从别处拿到说话者所在地；take 意为“把……拿走，取走”，即把某物从说话者所在地拿到别处。例如：

Please bring my English book here.

请把我的英语书拿到这儿来。

You can't take these magazines home.

你不能把这些杂志拿回家。

10．What happened to David on April Fool's Day?

愚人节那天，大卫出什么事了吗？

（1）happen to sb 意为“某人怎么了，发生在某人身上”。例如：

What happened to you?

你怎么了？

What happened to Jim?

吉姆出什么事了？

（2）英语中表示节日时须注意以下几点：

<1>表示“在……节”用介词on；

<2>表示节日的每个词的首字母大写；

<3>用day来表示“节”，且无冠词；

<4>一般用复数名词的所有格，如：Teachers' Day 教师节，Children's Day 儿童节，Women's Day 妇女节等；但也有用单数名词所有格的，如：Mother's Day 母亲节，Father's Day 父亲节等。例如：

Do you often go to parks on Children's Day?

你们儿童节经常去公园吗？

What do you usually do on New Year's Day?

新年你们通常干什么？

Do your friends play jokes on you on April Fool's Day?

你的朋友愚人节跟你开玩笑吗？

11．Welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole country．

Welles 是如此地让人信任，以致于成百上千的人都相信了这个故事，进而激起了全国性的恐慌。

（1）So …that…句型中，so后面应加一个形容词或副词，意为“如此……以至于……”

eg．This book is so interesting that everyone in our class wants to read it．

这本书是如此的有趣以至于全班同学都想看看。（so＋形容词）

He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him．

他跑得那么快，以致于我跟不上他。（so＋副词）

So…that引导的是表示结果的状语从句，但不“一定要死套”“如此……以至于”的模式来译成汉语。

eg．It was so dark that he couldn't see the faces of his companions．

天太黑了，他不能看见同伴的脸。

（2）so that 主要用来引导目的状语从句。其从句中的谓语动词通常和can，may，should等情态动词连用，而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号，意为“以便，使能够”。

eg．They set out early so that they might arrive in time

他们早早地出发以便按时到达。

Let's take the front seats so that we may see more clearly．

我们坐在前排吧，以便可以看得更清楚。

（3）set off 意为“出发，开始；引爆；衬托”。例如：

They'll set off on a journey around the world．

他们将要出发环球旅行。

Use blue eye－shadow to set off your green eyes．

用蓝色眼影衬托你的绿眼睛。

与set有关的其他词组：

<1>set about sth．“开始，着手”。例如：

I must set about my packing．

我必须开始收拾行装了。

<2>set sb．against sb．“使某人和某人竞争、对抗”。例如：

Set yourself against her．

跟她竞争。

<3>set in”开始”。例如：

The rainy season has set in．

雨季已开始了。

<4>set out”出发，启程”。set sth out”展示，陈列”。例如：

They set out at dawn．

他们在拂晓出发。

He sets out his ideas clearly in his essay．

他在这篇文章中明确地列出了他的观点。

<5>set up”建立，设立”。例如：

The memorial will be set up．

纪念碑要建成了。

12．…because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti．

……因为生产意大利面条的农民停止了生产。

辨析：stop doing 与stop to do

stop doing 指的是“停止做”，即不做了；而stop to do 则是指“停下来去做”，即停下来的目的是去做，也就是开始做。例如：

Stop talking, let's begin our class．

不要讲话了，我们开始上课。

You are too fat and you must stop eating too much．

你太胖了，你不能吃那么多了。

Please stop to listen to me

请停下来听我说。

The mother stopped to look after her baby．

那位母亲停下来去照顾她的小宝宝。

13．She was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married．

她震惊了，因为她的确想结婚。

（1）thrill为动词“震颤，使激动”，多用于被动语态be thrilled，表示“很感动，受到震颤的”。例如：

We were thrilled with joy．

我们高兴极了。

She thrilled at the good news．

她听到那个好消息很兴奋。

（2）want在此为动词“想，想要”，其后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式to do。例如：

Do you want an ice－cream?

你想要个冰激凌吗？

I want some bread and milk．

我想要些面包和牛奶。

Tom wants to learn to play Chinese chess．

汤姆想学下中国象棋。

Does Lucy wants to learn to dance?

露茜想学跳舞吗？

（3）marry为动词“嫁，娶，结婚”。表示“嫁给某人”或“娶了某人”都可以用marry sb。

另外，词组get married 意为“结婚”，但这是一个非延续性动词，即它不能跟表示一段时间的词连用。be married 也可以用来表示“结婚”，它是一个延续性词组，可以与表示一段时间的词连用。例如：

John is going to marry Jane

约翰要和简结婚了。

Henry didn't marry until he was over fifty．

亨利直到过了50岁才结婚。

When are you going to get married?

你准备什么时候结婚？

We have been married for ten years．

我们已经结婚十年了。

His uncle will get married next month．

他叔叔下个月结婚。

14．Are there any English words than Chinese people use when they speak to each other?

有中国人互相交谈时用的英语单词吗？

辨析：speak, talk, say, tell

（1）这四个词都有“说”的意思。

（2）speak一般指“说某种语言”，即其后的宾语只能是表示语言的词。例如：

Can you speak French?

你会讲法语吗？

What language do they speak?

他们讲哪种语言？

（3）talk一般指“谈论”，本身为不及物动词，可以用于词组talk about sth with sb．

“与某人谈论某事”，也可用于talk to sb．“跟某人说话”。例如：

What are you talking about?

你们在讨论什么？

Who were you talking with just now?

你刚才在跟谁说话？

I want to talk about English study with you．

我想跟你讨论一下英语学习的事。

（4）say为及物动词“说”，其后一般须指出说的内容。例如：

What did you say?

你说什么？

It says”NO Parking”．上面写着“不许停车”。

She'd like to say goodbye to us．

她想来跟我们道别。

（5）tell“告诉”，为及物动词，其后须跟双宾语，即用于tell sth．to sb．或tell sb．sth．“告诉某人某事”。例如：

Can you tell me a story?

你能给我讲个故事吗？

Who told you the news?

谁告诉你这个消息的？

15．Today one in four people, or a quarter of the world's population uses English, …

当今四个人中得有一个人，或者说世界上四分之一

lspjy

宾语从句专项复习







复习内容：宾语从句考点归纳

复习目标：

1．掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词

2．掌握宾语从句的语序──主句+连接词+主语+谓语

3．掌握宾语从句，主句与从句在时态上的呼应。

重点：语序和时态呼应

难点：语序和时态呼应；与疑问词+不定式的转化；与状语从句的辨析

考点梳理：

一、宾语从句的连接词

1．连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。

eg. He knew （that） he should work hard.

2．连词if 、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。

eg. Tom don't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.

He asked me whether or not I was coming.

一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：

①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.

②在介词前：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.

③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.

3．连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。

eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.

I wonder where he got so much money.

【注意】

1．由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。

eg. I don't know how I should do with the presents. ==> I don't know how to do with the presents.

2．要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型.

二、宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。

Can you tell me who（m） do we have to see?（╳）

Can you tell me who（m） we have to see?（ √）

The teacher asked the students what they were doing.（思考: what在从句中的成分）

陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” → She said she would leave a message on the desk.

一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. → I asked him where the tickets are.

三、宾语从句的时态呼应

宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。

eg. I thought （that） you are free today. （╳）

I thought （that） you would be free today. （ √）

【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。

eg. The teacher told us （that） the earth moves around the sun.

四．其他需要说明的问题

1．标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；是疑问句则用问号。

eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?

2．要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。

▲五．宾语从句和状语从句的区分

eg. 1） I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.

　　2） I don't know if the train has arrived.

句1）中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2）中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don't know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。

判断方法：

1．可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。

2．从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether， 词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当……的时候”。

3．从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。

【课外巩固】

1．《中考捷径》第21讲，课内练习选择题，3，4，5，6，7，11，12，第41讲例题、课内练习，课外练习三。

2．《复习导引》26页第3大题，27页第4大题，28页第5大题1，2，3，4，5

同步检测

一、用合适的连接词填空

1. Wang Hai told me _____ he didn't go cycling yesterday afternoon.（how, why）

2. Can you tell me ______ else is going to be on duty today?（who, whom）

3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）

4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who）

5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）

6. They don't know _______ we are going hiking.

7. She wanted to know _______ her coat would be ready the next day.

8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw.

9. I don't know ______ so many people crowding round him

10. Do you know ______ shirt it is?

二、句型转换

1. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.（改为宾语从句） →

　 Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.

2. What does he do? Do you know? （改为宾语从句）→

　 Do you know _______ he _______?

3. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. （改为宾语从句） →

　 He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.

4. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know. （改为宾语从句）→

　 I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.

5. “Do you want to try something new?” Tom's mother asked him. （同义句）→

　 Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ _______ to try something new.

6. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） →

　 I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.

7. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） →

　 Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy.

8. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） →

　 I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.

三、选择题

1. I don't know _____ he will be back home.

　 A. who 　B. what 　C. when 　D. where

2. Could you tell me ___________?

　 A. where do you live 　　　　B. who you are waiting for

　 C. who were you waiting for  D. where you live in

3. Do you still remember _______?

　 A. that he said 　B. what he said 　C. did he say that 　D. what did he say

4. I can't understand ______the boy alone.

　 A. why she left 　B. why did she leave 　C. why she had left　 D. why had she left

5. She told me the sun ______ in the east.

　 A. rise 　B. rose 　C. rises 　D. had risen

6. They tried to find out ______ the new train ________.

　 A. how far/ had gone 　B. how long/ has gone

　 C. how far/ went 　　　D. how far had/ run

7. The manager came up to see __________.

　 A. what was the matter 　B. what the matter was

　 C. what the matter is    D. what's the matter

8. Can you tell me ___________?

　 A. where are you doing   B. where do you study

　 C. where you were doing  D. where yu study

9. I can't understand _______ the boy alone.

　 A. why she let   B. why did she leave   C. why had she left   D. why she had left

10. He asked his father _______.

　 A. where it happens   B. where did it happen

　 C. how it happened    D. how did it happen

11. No one tells us______, so we need your help.

　 A. how we should do   B. what should we do

　 C. how to do it       D. what to do it

12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.

　 A. how check   B. to check   C. how to check   D. to how checking

13. _______ he'll come or not isn't important.

　 A. Why   B. If    C. Whether   D. What

14. Would you like to know _______they will do it or not.

　 A. if    B. that  C. whether   D. why

15. ─Where do you think _____ he ____ the TV set? ─ Sorry, I've no idea.

　 A./, bought   B. has, bought   C. did, buy   D. did bought

16. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _____ it would be like in _____ five years.

　 A. how, another   B. what, more   C. how , other   D. what, another

17. ─ Could you tell me ______? ─ Yes. He ____ to the USA.

　 A. where is he/ has been    B. where he is/ has gone

　 C. where was he/ has been   D. where he was/ has gone

18. ─Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.

　 ─Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead.

　 A. you have/ will rain      B. you will have/ will rain

　 C. you will have/ rains     D. will you have/ rains

19. I don't know if he ______tomorrow. If he ________, I'll meet him.

　 A. will come/ comes   B. comes/ comes   C. will come/ will come   D. comes/ will come

20. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________.

　 A. finds/ arrives   B. finds/ will arrive   C. will find/ will arrive   D. will find/ arrives

lspjy

词汇部分专项复习







一、构词法

1．动词→名词

work→worker  　 invent→inventor　 teach→teacher　   sing→singer

visit→visitor   drive→driver      invent→invention  operate→operation

2．名词→名词

farm→farmer     police→policeman  French→Frenchman

3．名词→形容词

care→careful       use→useful

sun→sunny          cloud→cloudy     wind→windy    rain→rainy

America→American   China→Chinese

interest→interesting     difference→different      ice→icy

4．形容词→副词

quick→quickly      happy→happily

possible→possibly  true→truly

polite→politely    wide→widely

5．形容词→反义词

happy→unhappy      usual→unusual     able→unable

二、常用词、词组和短语的英语解释

例如：look after－take care of

right away－at once

right now－now

have a rest－take a rest

in the middle of－in the centre of

do well in－be good at

三、兼类词和多义词的词类及用法

例如：

1．right adj．正确的

I'm wrong．You are right．我错了你是对的。

adv．恰恰，正好

It's right on your head．它正好在你头上。

n．右边

Li Ming sits on my right．李明坐在我右边。

2．back n．背，后背，后部

adv．向后，回原处

Put your hands behind your back．（n．）把手放在背后。

He'll be back（adv．）in ten minutes．他十分钟后回来。

3．poor adj．贫穷的；可怜的；不好的

He was too poor to buy a new coat．他穷得买不起一件新外套。

The poor old man had no room to live in．这位可怜的老人没有地方住。

I'm poor at singing．我不擅于唱歌。

4．call v．称呼，取名；呼唤，叫来；大声说，叫喊

n．叫，喊 （一次）电话，通话

The boy was called Mingming．这个男孩被叫做明明。

You'd better call a doctor．你最好请位医生。

I hear someone calling．我听见有人在叫。

I heard a call for help．我听到呼救的声音。

I'll give you a call later．我以后再给你打电话。

四、同义词（近义词），反义词（对应词）的词类及用法

例如：

1．any和some

二者都有“一些”的意思，any多用于疑问句和否定句，some 多用于肯定句。但在表示请求、邀请、期待肯定答复的问句中，常用some代替any。

I can see some flowers in the garden．

I can't see any trees there．

Would you like some water?

2．borrow lend

borrow常和from搭配，表示“借来”“借入”

lend常与to搭配，表示“借给……”“借出”

──Will you please lend me your bike?

──Sorry, I've lent it to Tom．

──Thank you all the same．I'll borrow it from others．

3．take, bring, carry

take：将某物或某人带离说话人那里。bring则相反，是带到说话人处。例如：

Bring your book here tomorrow．

Could you take it to the classroom?

carry是随身携带，不表明来去的方向，如：

I can't carry the box．It's too heavy．

4．find, look for, find out

find意为“找到”，look for是“寻找”，find out 是“发现、查明（真相）”

I can't find my ticket．

I'm looking for it．

They are trying to find out who broke the window．

5．look, see, watch

look是“看”，经常和at搭配，look at　看……　如：Look at the picture．

see是“看见”。如：Can you see the picture?

watch是“观看”如：I was watching TV at ten yesterday．

6．other, the other, others, another

other可作为形容词，意为“其他的”如：What other things can you see?

要注意掌握one…the other的用法，表示（两者中的）一个…另一个，如：

I have two balls．One is red, the other is green．

others泛指另外的人或物。the others表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”，如：

Some students are playing basketball, （the）others are playing football．

another意为“另一个”。如：I want another apple．

7．speak, say, talk, tell

speak重在指人们对语言的掌握或使用。say强调说话的内容，talk指交谈或连续说话, 常与with或to搭配。tell意为告诉。如：

I can speak a little English．

He said he was going to be a teacher．

What are they talking about?

Can you tell me the way to the cinema?

8．too, also, either

too, also, either都表示“也”。too用在句末，只用于肯定句。also置于句中，也只用于肯定句。either通常置于句末，用于否定句。如：

I am a teacher, too．

She is also a teacher．

He isn't a teacher, either．

9．reach, arrive, get to

三者都表示到达。“get to +地点”多用于口语。reach是及物动词，后面直接加地点。arrive是不及物动词，要用介词in或at再加地点，较大地点用in，较小的地点用at, 如：

Have they arrived in Beijing?

They reached Beijing last night．

I get to school at seven every day．

10．cost, pay, spend

cost的主语只能是“物”，不能是人。spend一般是用人而不是用物做主语。cost表示“值（多少）钱”“花费”，spend表示“花费”“度过”。pay表示付款。

可以记住下列句型：

1）主语（物）＋cost＋sb．＋sth．

2）主语（人）＋spend＋...＋ in doing sth. / on sth.

3）pay与for连用，主语（人）＋pay for ...

请看例句：

I paid ten yuan for the book．

I spend ten yuan on the book．

The book cost me ten yuan．

lspjy

名词考点集汇、讲解和训练







【考点直击】

1．可数名词和不可数名词的用法；

2．名词所有格的构成及用法；

3．近义名词的辨析。

【名师点睛】

一、名词的数

1．单数和复数

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：

（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys，pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。

（2）以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus→buses，class→classes，box→boxes，watch→watches，brush→brushes。

（3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orange—oranges。

（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy→boys, day→days。

（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoo→zoos，radio→radios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，piano→pianos。

（6）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knife→knives，leaf→leaves, half→halves。

复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法如下表所示。

复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法

情　况
读法
例　词

在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后
  cups, hats, cakes  
在[z][t][][F]等音后 [iz]
  glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces  
在[d][][v]等浊辅音后 [z]
  beds, dogs, cities, knives


（7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，child→children，mouse→mice。

【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men　workers， women teachers。

有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。

（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。

（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：ten-minutes' walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。

（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。

（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：

科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths

游戏名称：bowls

专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls

其他名词：news, falls

2．不可数名词“量”的表示方法

在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：

（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：

The rich man has a lot of money．

There is some milk in the bottle．

Is there any water in the glass？

I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice．

（2）用a piece of 这类定语，例如：

a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread

a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk） a cup of tea

a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice

如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：

two cups of tea

four pieces of paper

three glasses of water

不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。

二、名词的所有格

名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。

1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 's,其复数形式是s'，例如：a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。

2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 's，如：Children's Day。

3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 's，例如：a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。

4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。

5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's。

【注意】

如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 's，则表示“分别有”，例如：John's and Mary's rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（两人各自的自行车）。

两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Mary's mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。

【实例解析】

1.（2004年上海徐汇区中考试题）

These _________ have saved many children's lives.

A. woman doctors B. women doctor

C. women doctors D. woman doctor

答案：C。该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。

2. (2004年河北省中考试题)

　This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.

A. Anne and Jane B. Anne's and Jane's

C. Anne's and Jane D. Anne and Jane's

答案：D。该题考查的是并列名词的所有格。两人共有一个房间时，只在后面的名词后加's。

3. (2004年吉林省中考试题)

─Are there any ________ on the farm?

─Yes, there are some.

A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep

答案：D。该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。从谓语动词来判断，主语应该是复数名词。只有sheep可用作复数名词。

4. (2004年佛山市中考试题)

─What would you like to drink, ________ or orange?

─Orange, please.

A. hamburger B. chip C. tea

答案：C。该题考查的是名词的类别。三种东西中只有tea能喝。

【中考演练】

一、单项填空

1．─ Where have you been, Tim?

   ─ I've been to ______.

　A. the Henry house     B. the Henry family

　C. The Henry's home    D. Henry's

2．In England, if ____ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.

　A. food   B. lunch   C. breakfast   D. dinner

3．You looked for it twice, but you haven't found it. Why not try ____ .

　A. three times   B. a third time   C. the third time   D. once

4．─ They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?

   ─ Certainly.

　A. some bottles of waters   B. some bottles of water

　C. some bottle of water     D. some bottle of waters

5．Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday.

　A. tooth   B. feet   C. hand   D. ear

6．There is some _______ on the plate.

　A. cakes   B. meat   C. potato   D. pears

7．In England, the last name is the? _______ .

　A. family name   B. middle   C. given name   D. full name

8．The are going to fly _______ to Beijing.

　A. Germen   B. Germany   C. Germanys   D. Germans

9．The______ has two _______ .

　A. boys; watches   B. boy; watch   C. boy; watches   D. boys; watch

10．The little baby has two _______ already.

　A. tooth   B. tooths   C. teeth   D. teeths

11．What's your _______ for being late again?

　A. idea   B. key   C. excuse   D. news

12．─ It's dangerous here. We'd better go out quickly.

    ─ But I think we should let _______ go out first.

　A. woman and children   B. women and child

　C. woman and child      D. women and children

13．─ You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_______ ”on the door of his shop.

    ─ Thanks.

　A.ENTRANCE      B.BUSINESS HOURS

　C.THIS SIDE UP  D.NO SMOKING

14．Are they going to have a picnic on _______ ?

　A. Children's Day   B. Childrens's Day

　C. Childrens Day    D. Children Day

15．Where are the students? Are they in _______ ?

　A. the Room 406   B. Room 406   C. the 406 Room   D. 406 Room

二、根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。

1. We've got a lot of new ________(杂志) in our school library.

2. Please turn to another _______（频道）, I don't like this show.

3. Yesterday the _________(航班) to London was put off because of the bad weather.

4. Autumn is my favourite (季节)

5. ─How many _______(小刀) do you have?

   ─Three.

6. __________ are widely used in the modern world.?

7. June 1st is __________(儿童) Day.

8. Mary, would you please tell me your new ________(地址) so that I can write to you.

9. ─Does this piece of ______(音乐) sound nice?

   ─Yes. It's wonderful!

10. May 12th is the International _______(护士) Day. Let's say “ Thanks” to them for their work.

三. 根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。

1. “What's your n_______?”

“Li Lei.”

2. How many d_______ does your uncle have?

3. Please close the w______. It's cold outside.

4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p________.

5. A computer is one of the greatest i_________ in the world.

6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_______ during the Spring Festival.

7. At the a______ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living.

8. It's only about an h_____ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.

9. Health is more important to me than m_______.

10. Be careful! It's d__________ to run across the street now.

【练习答案】

一．1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B  6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B

二．1.magazines 2.Channel 3. flight 4.season 5. knives 6. Computers 7. Children's 8. address 9. music 10. Nurses'

三．1.name 2.daughters 3. window 4. pronunciation 5. inventions 6.parents 7. age 8. hour's 9. money 10. dangerous

lspjy

主谓一致专项复习







【复习目标】

·掌握主谓一致的原则。

·掌握主谓一致应注意的几个问题。

【课前准备】

·要求学生回忆有关主谓一致的具体应用。

【知识要点】

1\语法形式上的一致。

主语为单数形式， 谓语动词用单数形式：主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。

2.意义上一致。

(1)主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。

单数形式表示复数意义的词有people, police, audience等。

(2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数或不可数，谓语动词用单数。

形复意单(不可数)的词有：news, maths, physics等。

3.就近原则

谓语动词的单、复数取决于最靠近它的主语，如there be句型或用连词either...or...，neither...nor...,not only...but also等。

4.要注意的几个问题。

(1)class, family, team, country, school等集合名词作主语时，如果指整体，用单数；如果指每个成员，用复数。

如:His family are watching TV in the sitting room.

His family is very big.

(2)trousers, shoes, glasses, socks, stockings, scissors单独作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但当它们与a pair of或pairs of连用时，谓语动词与pair的数保持一致。

如：The pair of glasses fits you well.

Several pairs of new shoes have been sent to the old men.

(3)名词性物主代词后的动词单复数，取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。

如：ours (=Our Party) is a great party.

Your shoes are black, mine (=my shoes) are brown.

5.当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语单、复数而定。

如：Mr Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.

6.the+adj表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

如：The old are going to be looked after well.

7.and连接并列主语、谓语动词通常用复数，但如果指同个人，同一事物或同一概

念，谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词无冠词。

如：A speaker and writer is coming tomorrow.(同一个人)

A speaker and a writer are coming tomorrow.(两个人)

8.Every A and every B/Each A and each B/No A and no B作主语时，谓语动词

用单数，其中A、B代表单数名词。

9.The number of+...，谓语动词用单数。

A number of+...，谓语动词用复数，相当于a lot of。

如：The number of the students in our class is 50.

A number of students are learning Japanese now.

10.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致

Behind the house are some trees.

11.表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓

语动词用单数形式。

如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.

12.几分之几/half of/part of/the rest of+n/pron.作主语，谓语动词由后面的n/pron决定。而one of+n/pron作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

如：Two thirds of the bread was eaten.

13.名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。

如：The doctor's is on the other side of the street.

14.表示“一段时间”“一段距离”“一些钱”的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用

单数。

如：Six miles is too far for an old man to walk.

15.关系代词who, that, which在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数与先行词

一致。

如：Those who want to go have signed their names here.

16.疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词根据说话人所表达的意思决定单

复数。如：

Who live next door? It's Zhang and Liu./Who lives next door? It's Liu.

【典型例题解析】

例1 The rich ________ not always happy.

A. are B. is C. has D. have

解析the + adj.表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，故选A。

例2 The Olympic Games _______ held every______ years.

A. is，four B. are，four C. is，five D. are，five

解析 每四年一次的奥林匹克往往看作复数。故选B。

例3 No one but her classmates ______it.

A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are knowing

解析 当主语后跟有but引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按but前面部分的单复数而定。故选B。

例4 解析表示一些钱的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数，故选D。

例5 No bird and no beast _______ on the lonely island.

A. are seen B. is seen C. see D. sees

解析 No...and no...作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故选B。

【选讲例题】

例6 Look, here come some _______.

A. dog B. horse C. deer D. cow

解析 some后的复数名词只有deer,故选C。

例7 The number of students of this school ______ large.

A. are B. have not C. isn't D. aren't

解析 The number of+...，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选C。

【课内追踪练习】

单项选择

(B) 1.The singer and pianist _____ asked to make a speech at the meeting yesterday.

A. is B. was C. are D. were

(A) 2.A large number of students in our class _____ girls.

A. are B. was C. is D. be

(B) 3.The paper for books and new papers ______ made of wood.

A. are B. is C. has D. have

(B) 4.What we need _____ good textbooks.

A. is B. are C. have D. has

(D) 5.Each of the ______ in the ship.

A. passenger has his own room B. passengers have their own room? C. passenger have their own room D. passengers has his own room

(B) 6.What you said ______the matter we are discussing.

A. have something to do at B. has something to do with

C. had something to do with D. has been something to do with

(B) 7.Not only my brother but also I _____ good at painting. Both of us _____good painters.

A. are...are B. am...are?C. is...is D. are...is

【复习小结】

? 1牢记主谓一致的原则。

? 2牢记主谓一致应注意的几个问题及其用法。

【课外巩固练习】

一、单项选择

(B) 8.Three-fourths of the homework ______today.

A. has finished B. has been finished?

C. have finished D. have been finished

(C) 9Many people say 10,000 _______ a lot of money.

A. dollar is B. dollars are C. dollars is D. dollar are

(A) 10.Nobody but two students ______ left in the classroom.

A. is B. are C. has D. have

(B) 11.The police _______soon.

A. is coming B. are coming C. has come D. have come

(C) 12.More than 60 percent of world's radio programs _______ in English.

A. is B. was C. are D. be

二、用所给词的适当形式填空

13.Tom and I are (be) going to see a film this evening.

14.The doctor and writer has (have) been here for two years.

15.There is (be) a pen and three books on the desk.

16.My family all like (like) to watch TV.

17.He or she has (have) gone there.

18.The news is (be) very interesting.

19.Three days is (be) not enough for us.

20.Neither of us enjoys (enjoy) climbing the tree.

21.Every door and every window is (be) to be cleaned.

22.Tom's new trousers are (be) blue.

23.None were (be) late for school yester day.

24.A cart and horse is (be) coming.

25.Tom，like Mary and Rose, has (have) an interesting book.

26.One of the windows is (be) closed.

27.All of my hope is (be) gone.

28.Everything goes (go) well with me.

29.Doing morning exercises is (be) good for your health.

30.What he said sounds (sound) reasonable.(有理的)

31.In the boat are (be) three young men.

32.“I” is (be) the ninth letter.

三、书面表达

假如你是李明，三峡中学学生。你的笔友Peter Rack来信说，他和家人今年暑假要来参观三峡大坝，游览三峡后去上海。请你写一封回信向他们介绍他们来北京后的交通及旅游路线，供他们参考。你和全家人欢迎他们，并到时在车站或机场接他们。the three Gorges(三峡)

(1)火车时刻表(北京站)

车次 49 438 408

始发时间 18：10 08：10 10：05

到宜昌时间 次日16：20 次日13：45 次日15：00

始发站 宜昌 柳州 怀化

备注 往宜昌 往宜昌

(2)航空时刻表

航班号 6435 78787

时间 周二、四、六 周三、四

离港 09：20 10：15

到港 11：40 12：35

起点 首都机场 重庆

终点 三峡机场 上海

(3)宜昌至重庆游船全天都有。

写作提示：这是写一封回信，因此开始必须交待清楚“已收到对方来信，并很高兴……”。然后向对方说清楚到北京后由空中怎样到宜昌，由铁路怎样到宜昌，并提出你的建议。