【外研社版初中英语】现在分词及过去分词的用法

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现在分词过去分词的用法在英语学习中是一个难点，今天给大家整理了分词的用法，希望对大家学习有帮助！


现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。



1
分词作状语


1、分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果（补充说明）、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。
① Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
② Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.
③ The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
④ Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
⑤He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness.　


2、分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
① Not having enough hands, we turned to them for help. (we don't have enough hands)　　
② Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us)
③ Inspired by Leifeng, the people in China worked very hard to achieve their modernization.




3、“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)＋分词”结构，现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, until, if等连词。例如：
① When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
② While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work.　



2
分词作定语

分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(与名词是动宾关系)。例如：

① This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
② We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
③After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.
④More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.
⑤The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack.


3
分词作宾语补足语

1、现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。例如：　

① On the top of the hill, we could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village.
② The boy sat beside the railway line and watched the trains roaring by.
③ We should not leave him wondering what he should do.　　
④ I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
⑤ I caught him doing something else in class.　

2、过去分词可以在allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge动词等后面作宾语补足语。例如：　
① You should keep her informed of what is going on here.
② I expected you well prepared for the examination.

3、在动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe, listen to, look at后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用不定式做补语。用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成。例如：
① I saw Mr. White get off a bus.
② I saw Mr. White looking into a shop window.
③—Do you hear someone knocking at the door?
   —Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.


4
分词作表语

分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的心理感受或状态，主语多为人。
1.The film “Harry Potter” is really exciting, and I am excited about it.
2.His response to the question was quite disappointing. I really felt disappointed at his response.