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Unit6 When was it invented?
1、 被动语态
(1). 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。
(2). 被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词
(如果是不用物动词，其过去分词应带有相应的介词)
(3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。
一般现在时被动语态为：am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时被动语态为：was/were+ 过去分词
与情态动词连用的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 过去分词
(4). 被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语，放在句
末，by 表示“由，被”的意思
2、如何理解被动语态？
为取胜更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义，可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较。
主动语态： 主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分
被动语态： 主语+ be +过去分词 + by +宾语 +其他成分
如： Many people speak English.
被动语态 English is spoken by many people.
3. invent v. 发明 inventor n. 发明家 invention n. 发明 可数名词
4. be used for doing用来做…(是被动语态) 如：
Pens are used for writing. 笔是用来写的。
Pens aren’t used for eating. 笔不是用来吃的。
5. 给某人某样东西
give sth. to sb. 如：I gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔。
give sb. sth. I gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔。
6. all day 整天
7. salty adj. 咸的 salt n. 盐
8. by mistake 错误地 如：
I took the umbrella by mistake. 我不小心拿错了雨伞。
9. make sb./sth. +形容词 使…怎么样 It made me happy. 它使我高兴
make sb./sth. +名词 让…做… It made me laugh. 它让我发笑
10. by accident 意外 偶然 I met her by accident at bus stop.
11. not…until… 直到…才做… 如： I didn’t go to bed until I finished my work.
12. according to +名词 根据… 如： according to an legend
according to this article根据这篇文章 根据一个神话
13. over an open fire 野饮
14. leaf n. 叶子 复数形式 leaves
15. nearby adj. 附近的 如： the nearby river
16. fall into 落入 掉进 如：The leaf fell into the river. 叶子落入了河里。fall down 摔倒 如：She fell down from her bike.
17. quite 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的后面
如： quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩
very 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的前面
如： a very beautiful girl 一个漂亮女孩
注：当不与冠词a 连用时，两者可以互用 如：
I am very happy.=== I am quite happy. 我非常高兴。
18. in the way 这样
19. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快
pleasant adj. 愉快 高兴 指天气、时间、旅行令人高兴愉快
please v. 使高兴 使同意
20. battery—operated adj. 电池控制的 是名词+动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词
21. in the sixth century 在第6世纪
22. travel around 周游
23. more than === over 超过 如：
more than 300 == over 300 超过300
24. including prep. 介词 包括 可以与名词和动名词连用
如: Six people, including a baby, were hurt.
25. have been played 被上演 是现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态的结构：have /has been +过去分词
26. be born 出生 He was born in Canada. 他在加拿大出生
27. safety n. 安全 safe adj. 安全的
28. knock into 撞上(某人)
29. divide sth. into … 将…划分成. 通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分 如：
Let’s divide ourselves into 4groups. 让我们把我们自己划成4组。
30. since then 自从那以后 常与完成时 态连用 如：
Since then, I have left Beijing. 自从那以后，我已经离开了北京。
词义辨析
1. create, produce, invent
①create指“有目的的把原材料制成新产品”，也指创造出原来不存在或与众不同的事物。
②produce指“通过劳动、加工而生产产品”，尤指“工农业产品”。
③invent 指通过想象，研究，劳动创造出前所未有的东西，尤指“科技上的发明创造”。
1)Bell the telephone.
2)This field rice.
3)People in Western countries believe that God the world.
2.below, under
①below与above相对，指“在….的下方”，表示一件东西的位置低于另一件东西，但不一定在另一件东西的正下方。
②under与over相对，表示的范围较窄，表示一件东西的位置垂直在另一件东西下边。
1)There are some books the desk.
2)All the fields are the plane.
3.raise, rise
①raise的意思是“提高”、“举起”，是及物动词，既能接宾语，也能用于被动语态。它的宾语一般是头、手、眼、帽、重物以及政治觉悟、生活水平、物价、温度、声音等。此外，raise有“饲养、供养”的意思 。raise-raised-raised②rise的意思是“上升”、“上涨”，是不及物动词，既不能接宾语，也不能用于被动语态。它的主语一般是日、月、云、烟、热、气、温度计、物价、河水等。指人时，一般指人“站起”、“起床”。 rise--rose--risen 1)He his voice and shouted.
2)The price has .
3) These families may children as their chief occupation.(主要职业)
4.the number of, a number of
①the number of 意为“…的数量，数目”，of后常接名词复数形式，在句中作主语时动词要用单数形式。
②a number of意为“许多的”，相当于many，number前可用large, small修饰，表示程度。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
1)The number of boys in our class (be)twenty-two.
2)A number of girls (have)long hair.
单项选择
1. Look at the sign on the right.
-Oh, parking here.
A. doesn’t allow B. isn’t allowed C. didn’t allow D. wasn’t allowed
2.It is that he’ll come here.
A. say B. supposed C. believe D. expect
3.- boys come to swim. Do you know of them?
A. A number of, a number B. The number of, a number
C. The number, numbers of D.A number of, the number
4.We should take an part in after-school activities.
A. active B. Activity C. actively D. inactive
5.The house-price keeps all the time in recent years.
A. going B. rising C. raising D. lifting
6.China is a country. Japan is a country.
A. developed, developing B. developing, developed
C. development, developing D. develops, develop
7. Yesterday Li Ping knocked a big tree.
A. into B. in C. on D. onto
8. We are going to divide the class small groups.
A. to B. in C. of D .into
9. Everyone knows Thomas Edison ________a lot of useful inventions.
A. invents B. invented C. discovers D. discovered
10. He lived in place __________ Gum Tree.
A. called B. name C. named D. Both A and C
11. _____ is believed that Bell invented the first telephone in1876.
A. This B. That C. It D. One
12. In his free time, he often teaches me how ________.
A. swim B. swimming C. to swim D. swims
13. The number of teachers in our school _____60 and a number
of them ______ male teachers.
A. is; are B. are; is C. am; are D. be; are
14. Look! A boy is falling the river. Let’s go and save him.
A. into B. over C. down D. off
15. The boy to get supper ready after school.
A. were told B. is telling C. was told D. tells
16. You must practice to become good at it.
A. a lot of B. a lot C. lots of D. a little
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. We still need many more (equip).
2. Edison (invent) the electric light lamp.
3. Since then, we (learn) more than 3000 words.
4. It is (say) that he is a dishonest boy.
5. The (popular) of his songs is out of our imagination.
6. She was a (Canada) singer.
7. Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people (watch)
8. Players move towards one end of the court while (throw) the ball to each other.
9. The food may keep you (health).
将下列句子变为被动语态。
1. Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.
2. This factory produces machine tools.
3. They should do it at once.
1. His mother told him not to waste time on fishing. |
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发表于 2020-9-6 17:38:21
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