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Unit5 What are the shirts made of ?
【必背短语】
1. be made of 由……制造
2. be made in 在……制造
3. environmental protection 环境保护
4. be famous for 以……而著名
5. be produced in 在……生产
6. be known for 以……闻名
7. as far as I know 据我所知
8. pick by hand 手工采摘
9. send for 发送
10. avoid doing sth 避免做某事
11. everyday things 日用品
【细节知识点】
1. What are the shirts made of? 衬衫是由什么制成的?
这句话中有are made 是被动语态
2. It was made in Thailand. 它是在泰国制造的。
make in +地点
3. No matter what you made buy,you might think those products were made in those countries.
no matter what 无论是什么
5. Laura didn’t know that kite flying could be so exciting.
made of 由……制(构)成,后接构成某物质的原料。
例:This skirt is made of silk.这件裙子是用丝绸制成的。
be made of/from/up of的区别
be made of 表示制成成品后,仍可看出原材料是什么 保留原材料的质和形状,制作过程仅发生物理变化。
例:The kite is made of paper.风筝是用纸做的。
be made from 表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征,或原材料在制作过程中发生化学变化,在成品中已无法辨认。
例:The paper is made from wood.纸是木头做的。
Butter is made from milk.黄油是从牛奶中提炼出来的。
be made up of 用……构成或组成的,指人、物皆可,指结构成分。
例:Our class is made up of six groups. 我们班是由六个小组组成的。
6. It seems that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea.
句型“It seems that…”意为“看起来好像/似乎……”,其中seem是连系动词,意为“似乎;好像”,句型中的it是形式主语,不能用其他代词来替代。
例:It seems that he was late for the train. 看来他没赶上火车。
seem的几种常见结构:
(1)seem to do sth此句型可与“It seems that…”转换。
例:They seem to find the way to the cinema. =It seems that they find the way to the cinema.
他们似乎找到了去电影院的路了。
(2)seem+形容词
例:My temperature seems (to be) all right. 我的体温看上去正常了。
(3)seem+名词
例: That seems not a bad idea. 看上去主意不错。
7. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing in factory.
此句是由when 引导的时间状语从句,are picked, are sent都是一般现在时的被动结构。
8. No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.
此句为由no matter +特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句。意为“无论….”,相当于whatever。
例:No matter what I said to her, she still didn’t believe me.
9. find out, 查出,找到。指有目的,经过一定努力才找到。
find, find out与look for find,find out和look for都含有“寻找、找到”的意思,但其含义和用法却不同。
① find意为“找到、发现”,通常指找到或发现具体的东西,也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况,强调的是找的结果。
He didn’t find his bike. 他没找到他的自行车。
② look for意为“寻找”,是有目的地找,强调“寻找”这一动作。
I don’t find my pen,I’m looking for it everywhere. 我没有找到我的钢笔,我正到处找。
③ find out意为“找出、发现、查明”,多指通过调查、寻问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚、弄明白”,通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义,指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。
例:Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。
本单元主要语法点——一般现在时态的被动结构及用法
一、概念理解
其实就是一般现在时与被动语态用在同一个句子之中。
英语句子中都同时存在语态时态,他们是分析一个英语句子的两个主要元素。
① He is looking after his sister at home. 此句为现在进行时的主动语态
② He is being looked after well by his parents. (此句为现在进行时的被动语态结构)
说明:我们以前所学的各种时态的结构其实都时主动语态的各种时态结构。
二、被动语态最基本的句型结构: be +及物动词过去分词
说明:①、be 有时态,人称和数的变化。
②、被动语态中的谓语动词必须是及物动词;因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者,某些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等,也可用于被动语态。
三、被动语态的使用
1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. ”(只是告诉老师杯子坏了,不知是谁弄坏的,或不想说出谁弄坏的)。
2. 突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by 短语。如:The cup was broken by Paul.
3. 当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,这时常用in + 名词作状语,而代替 by 短语。
如:These cars were made in China.
四、主动语态变被动语态的变法: 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词,时态要与原句保持一致。
3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词,在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。
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