(三)语法:可数名词复数变化规则与不可数名词 1.可数名词的复数变化规则 1、一般的单词加s | book—books boy—boys desk—desks bag—bags | 2、以辅音字母加y结尾的单词,改y为i,加es(改y为ies) | family—families city—cities(城市)strawberry—strawberries fly—flies(苍蝇) | | half-—halves wife—wives (妻子) wolf—wolves(狼) knife—knives (半)half(片树叶)leaf(自己)self(黄),(妻子)wife(拿刀)knife(去杀狼)wolf,(架)self(后小偷)thief(逃命)life(忙)。 | | bus—buses watch—watches box—boxes glass—glasses | 5、以o字母结尾的单词有生命的加es(英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿);无生命的加s | hero—heroes potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoes zoo—zoos photo—photos | *6、合成名词复数形式,有主干词的在主干词后加s或es,无主干词的直接在词尾加s或es,以man和woman构成的合成词,两部分都应变成复数形式 | son-in-law—sons-in-law(女婿) take-away—takes-away(熟食) man teacher—men teachers woman doctor—women doctor | 注:部分不规则复数名词形式 tooth—teeth牙齿,man—men男人,woman—women女人,goose—geese鹅,mouse—mice老鼠,sheep—sheep绵羊,people—people人民,foot—feet脚,Frenchman—Frenchmen法国人,Englishman—Englishmen英国人,Englishwoman—Englishwomen英国女人,Japanese—Japanese日本人,Chinese—Chinese中国人, Frenchman—Frenchmen法国人【......国人,中日不变,英法变,其他一切加s】. fish—fish鱼,deer—deer鹿,child—children孩子 |
2.可数名词的不规则变化 改a为e,如man—men男人, woman—women女人, Frenchman—Frenchmen法国人,法国男人, Frenchwoman—Frenchwomen法国女人, fisherman—fishermen渔夫,鱼人, Englishman—Englishmen英国人,英国男人, policeman—policemen男警察, policewoman—policewomen女警察,postman—postmen邮递员 改oo为ee,tooth—teeth牙齿,foot—feet脚, goose—geese鹅 特殊变形,child—children孩子, mouse—mice老鼠 单复数同形,中国人Chinese,日本人Japanese,people人,很爱护鱼fish、鹿deer和绵羊sheep 3..表示时间、金钱、距离、价格等名词后加s作主语时,应视为一个整体,故谓语动词用单数形式。如: Twenty dollars is enough. 20美元足够了.Three months is a short time. 三个月很短。 4.不可数名词:不可数名词做主语,谓语动词用单三。(常见不可数名词——液体和气体属于不可数名词,主要涉及物质名词:液体、气体、自然物质,抽象名词:情感、学科和概念) 【可数名词和不可数名词的区分,把该物质分为两半,若还可以叫原名,则是不可数名词;若每半不可以叫原名,则是可数名词,有时候意思的改变可变为不可数名词。如orange(橘汁)分成两半,另外一半还可以叫orange,则orange是不可数名词,但意为“橘子”是可数名词。】 (五)书面表达范文Unit 8 我最喜欢的食物My Favorite Food There are many different kinds of food in the world. My favorite food is rice.In China, most of the people in the south eat rice. And I like fried/fraɪd/ rice best. It’s really delicious. When I come back home from school, I am always hungry. At that time I like making fried rice by myself. I often cook it carefully and make it delicious. It makes me happy. After eating it, I am not hungry any more. Fried rice is my favorite. What about you? 世界上有各种各样的食物。 我最喜欢的食物是米饭。在中国,大多数南方人吃米饭。我最喜欢炒饭。炒饭很美味。每当我从学校回来,我会很饿。那个时候,我会自己做炒饭吃。我会很小心。以便让它保持美味。炒饭能够使我开心。吃过炒饭后,我会不再饥饿。 我最喜欢吃炒饭。你呢?
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