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标题: 英语中考复习综合资料 [打印本页]

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作者: 网站工作室    时间: 2010-3-30 09:23
标题: 英语中考复习综合资料
初三系列复习资料（1）名词考点集汇，讲解和训练


一、名词
【考点直击】
1．可数名词和不可数名词的用法；
2．名词所有格的构成及用法；
3．近义名词的辨析。
【名师点睛】
一、名词的数

1．单数和复数
　
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：
　（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys，pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。
　（2）以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus→buses，class→classes，box→boxes，watch→watches，brush→brushes。
　（3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orange—oranges。
　（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy→boys, day→days。
　（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoo→zoos，radio→radios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，piano→pianos。
　（6）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knife→knives，leaf→leaves, half→halves。
　　复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法如下表所示。

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作者: 网站工作室    时间: 2010-3-30 09:23
复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法

情　况	读法	例　词
在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后		cups, hats, cakes
在[z][t][ ][F]等音后	[iz]	glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces
在[d][ ][v]等浊辅音后	[z]	beds, dogs, cities, knives

　（7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，child→children，mouse→mice。
　　【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men　workers， women teachers。
　　有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。
　（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。
　（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：ten-minutes’ walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。
　（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。
　（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：
　　科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths
　　游戏名称：bowls
　　专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls
　　其他名词：news, falls
2．不可数名词“量”的表示方法
　　在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：
　（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：
　　The rich man has a lot of money．
　　There is some milk in the bottle．
　　Is there any water in the glass？
　　I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice．
　（2）用a piece of 这类定语，例如：
　　a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread
　　a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk） a cup of tea
　　a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice
　　如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：
　　two cups of tea
　　four pieces of paper
　　three glasses of water
　　不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。

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作者: 网站工作室    时间: 2010-3-30 09:23
二、名词的所有格

　　名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。
1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 's,其复数形式是s'，例如：a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。
2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 's，如：Children's Day。
3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 's，例如：a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。
4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。
5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's。
【注意】
　　如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 's，则表示“分别有”，例如：John's and Mary's rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（两人各自的自行车）。
　　两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Mary's mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。
【实例解析】
1.（2004年上海徐汇区中考试题）

These _________ have saved many children’s lives.

A. woman doctors
B. women doctor

C. women doctors
D. woman doctor
  答案：C。该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。
2. (2004年河北省中考试题)
This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.

A. Anne and Jane
B. Anne’s and Jane’s

C. Anne’s and Jane
D. Anne and Jane’s
  答案：D。该题考查的是并列名词的所有格。两人共有一个房间时，只在后面的名词后加’s。
3. (2004年吉林省中考试题)

---Are there any ________ on the farm?

---Yes, there are some.

A. horse
B. duck
C. chicken
D. sheep
  答案：D。该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。从谓语动词来判断，主语应该是复数名词。只有sheep可用作复数名词。
4. (2004年佛山市中考试题)

---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange?

---Orange, please.

A. hamburger
B. chip
C. tea
  答案：C。该题考查的是名词的类别。三种东西中只有tea能喝。
【中考演练】
一. 单项填空
1．--- Where have you been, Tim?
　 --- I’ve been to ______.
　A. the Henry house      B. the Henry family
　C. The Henry’s home    D. Henry’s
2．In England, if ____ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.
　A. food   B. lunch   C. breakfast   D. dinner
3．You looked for it twice, but you haven’t found it. Why not try ____ .
　A. three times   B. a third time   C. the third time   D. once
4．--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?
　 --- Certainly.
　A. some bottles of waters   B. some bottles of water
　C. some bottle of water     D. some bottle of waters
5．Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday.
　A. tooth   B. feet   C. hand   D. ear
6．There is some _______ on the plate.
　A. cakes   B. meat   C. potato   D. pears
7．In England, the last name is the  _______ .
　A. family name   B. middle   C. given name   D. full name
8．The are going to fly _______ to Beijing.
　A. Germen   B. Germany   C. Germanys   D. Germans
9．The______ has two _______ .
　A. boys; watches   B. boy; watch   C. boy; watches   D. boys; watch
10．The little baby has two _______ already.
　A. tooth   B. tooths   C. teeth   D. teeths
11．What’s your _______ for being late again?
　A. idea   B. key   C. excuse   D. news
12．--- It’s dangerous here. We’d better go out quickly.
　　--- But I think we should let _______ go out first.
　A. woman and children   B. women and child
　C. woman and child      D. women and children
13．--- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_______ ”on the door of his shop.
　　--- Thanks.
　A.ENTRANCE       B.BUSINESS HOURS
　C.THIS SIDE UP   D.NO SMOKING
14．Are they going to have a picnic on _______ ?
　A. Children’s Day    B. Childrens’s Day
　C. Childrens Day      D. Children Day
15．Where are the students? Are they in _______ ?
　A. the Room 406   B. Room 406   C. the 406 Room   D. 406 Room
二. 根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。
1. We’ve got a lot of new ________(杂志) in our school library.
2. Please turn to another _______（频道）, I don’t like this show.
3. Yesterday the _________(航班) to London was put off because of the bad weather.
.4. Autumn is my favourite
(季节)

5. ---How many _______(小刀) do you have?

---Three.
6. __________ are widely used in the modern world.  
7. June 1st is __________(儿童) Day.
8. Mary, would you please tell me your new ________(地址) so that I can write to you.
9. ---Does this piece of ______(音乐) sound nice?

---Yes. It’s wonderful!
10. May 12th is the International _______(护士) Day. Let’s say “ Thanks” to them for their work.
三. 根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。
1. “What’s your n_______?”

“Li Lei.”
2. How many d_______ does your uncle have?
3. Please close the w______. It’s cold outside.
4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p________.
5. A computer is one of the greatest i_________ in the world.
6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_______ during the Spring Festival.

7. At the a______ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living.
8. It’s only about an h_____ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.
9. Health is more important to me than m_______.
10. Be careful! It’s d__________ to run across the street now.
【练习答案】
一．1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B  6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B
二．1.magazines 2.Channel 3. flight
4.season
5. knives
6. Computers
7. Children’s
8. address
9. music 10. Nurses’
三．1.name 2.daughters 3. window
4. pronunciation
5. inventions
6.parents 7. age 8. hour’s 9. money 10. dangerous

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作者: 网站工作室    时间: 2010-3-30 09:24
二、形容词和副词

【考点直击】

1. 形容词的用法；

2. 副词的用法；

3. 形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法；

4. 形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。

【名师点睛】

1. 形容词的用法

(1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如：

  Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语）

  The fish went bad.  （作表语）

We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）

(2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。

　   I have something important to tell you.

　   Is there anything interesting in the film.

(3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。

　    Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting.

　    You can take any box away, big or small.

(4) the＋形容词表示一类人或物

     The rich should help the poor.

2. 副词的用法

(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。

He studies very hard.   （作状语）

Life here is full of joy.  （作定语）

     When will you be back? （作表语）

          副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：

1)时间副词

时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：

He often comes to school late.

What are we going to do tomorrow?

He is never been to Beijing.

2)地点副词

地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：

I met an old friend of mine on my way home.

He went upstairs.

Put down your name here.

3)方式副词

方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：

The old man walked home slowly.

Please listen to the teacher carefully.

The birds are flying high.

He runs very fast.

4)程度副词

程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：

Her pronunciation is very good.

She sings quite well.

I can hardly agree with you.

5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：

How are you getting along with your studies?

Where were you yesterday?

Why did you do that?

(2)副词在句中的位置

1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：

Mr Smith works very hard.

She speaks English well.

2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：

He usually gets up early.

I’ve never heard him singing.

She is seldom ill.

3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：

It is a rather difficult job.

He runs very fast.

He didn’t work hard enough.

4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：

On my way home, I met my uncle.

The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.

(3)部分常用副词的用法

1) very, much

这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：

She is a very nice girl

I’m feeling much better now.

Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：

I don’t like the idea much.

They did not talk much.

2) too, either

这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：

She can dance, and I can dance, too.

I haven’t read the book and my brother hasn’t either.

3) already, yet

already一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：

He has already left.

Have you heard from him yet?

He hasn’t answered yet.

4) so, neither

so和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。

例如：

My brother likes football and so do I.

My brother doesn’t like dancing and neither do I.

3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

(1) 两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较

级。

　　 Our teacher is taller than we are.

　　 The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.

(2) most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 "极,很,非常, 十分"。

　　 It's most dangerous to be here.

　　 在这儿太危险。

(3) "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..."表示 " 越... 就越..."。

　　 The more you study, the more you know.

　(4) " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。

　　 It's getting hotter and hotter.

　(5) 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。

　　 This box is as big as mine.

　(6) the + 形容词 表示某种人。

　　 He always helps the poor.

　(7) 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。

　　 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.

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作者: 网站工作室    时间: 2010-3-30 09:24
【实例解析】

1. (2004年北京市中考试题)

  ---Which is ________, the sun, the moon or the earth?

  ---Of course the moon is.

  A. small  B. smaller  C. smallest  D. the smallest

  答案：D。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级的用法。因为是太阳，地球和月亮三者进行比较，选用形容词的最高级，而且最高级之前要加定冠词the。所以选D。

2. (2004年上海徐汇区中考试题)

  He has made _______ progress this term than before.

  A. little  B. less  C. fewer  D. much

  答案 B。该题考查的是形容词比较等级的用法。因为是现在和过去进行比较，所以要用比较级，又因为是修饰不可数名词，只能用less, 而不能用fewer。

3. (2004年江西省中考试题)

  ---What delicious cakes!

  ---They would taste _______ with butter.

  A. good  B. better  C. bad  D. worse

  答案：B。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级。答话人的意思应该是“如果加上点黄油，这些蛋糕会更好吃。”这里就有一种比较：加黄油和不加黄油。既然是比较，就要用比较级。因为这里讲的是好吃和更好吃，所以C,D要舍去，而选better。

4. (2004年河北省中考试题)

  Bob never does his homework ________ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.

  A. so careful as  B. as carefully as  C. carefully as  D. as careful as

  答案：B。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法区别。因为该词修饰的是动作“做家庭作业”，所以要用副词。又因为表示一方不如另一方要用句型“not as+副词原级+as”，所以只能选B。

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作者: 网站工作室    时间: 2010-3-30 09:24
【中考演练】

一. 单项填空

1．There are many young trees on        sides of the road.

　 A. every            　B. each             　C. both             　D. all

2．--- It’s so cold today.

　 --- Yes, it’s        than it was yesterday.

　 A. more cold        　B. more colder          　C. much colder      　D. cold

3．Little Tom has        friends, so he often plays alone.

　　A. more　         B. a little　             C. many             　D. few

4．She isn’t so        at maths as you are.

　 A. well　         B. good　             C. better　               D. best

5．Peter writes        of the three.

　 A. better　      B. best　                 C. good　             D. well

6．He is        enough to carry the heavy box.

　 A. stronger　         B. much stronger　   C. strong　          D. the strongest

7．I bought        exercise-books with        money.

　 A. a few; a few                         　　B. a few; a little   

　 C. a little; a few                          D. a little; a little

8．The box is        heavy for the girl        carry.

　 A. too; to　          B. to; too　          C. so; that　             D. no; to

9．The ice in the lake is about one meter       . It’s strong enough to skate on.

　 A. long　         B. high　             C. thick　            D. wide

10．Wu Lin ran        faster than the other boys in the sports meeting.

　 A. so               　B. much             　C. very             D. too

11. Jone looks so _______ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test.

  A. happy  B. happily  C. angry  D. angrily

12. The smile on my father’s face showed that he was ______ with me.

  A. sad  B. pleased  C. angry  D. sorry

13. ---Mum, could you buy me a dress like this?

   ---Certainly, we can buy ______ one than this, but ______ this.

  A. a better; better than   B. a worse; as good as

  C. a cheaper; as good as  D. a more important; good as

14. ---This digital camera is really cheap!

   ---The ______ the better. I’m short of money, you see.

  A. cheap  B. cheaper  C. expensive  D. more expensive

15. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _______ as possible.

  A. often  B. long  C. hard  D. soon

16. Paul has ______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.

  A. many  B. some  C. few  D. more

17. English people _____ use Mr. Before a man’s first name.

  A. never  B. usually  C. often  D. sometimes

18. ---One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May.

   ---Right. The government spoke ______ that.

  A. highly for         B. high of

  C. well of            D. highly of

19. ---Remember this, children. ______ careful you are, ______ mistakes you will make.

  ---We know, Miss Gao.

  A. The more; the more         B. The fewer; the more

  C. The more; the fewer         D. The less; the less

20. I have ________ to do today.

  A. anything important         B. something important

  C. important nothing          D. important something

二. 用所给单词的适当形式填空

1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. __________ (Fortunate), there was no money in it.

2. Mobile phones are _________ (wide) used in most of the cities in China.

3. He put on his coat and went out ________ (quick).

4. She is ______ (good) than Li Ping at swimming.

5. A lot Chinese people are _______ (pride) of Yao Ming, a famous basketball star in NBA.

6. To our surprise, he suddenly returned on a cold ______ (snow) night.

7. Allie asked me ______ (polite) to put the things away.

8. It’s snowing hard. You must drive ________(careful).

9. The earth we live on is _______ (big) than the moon.

10. Hainan is a very large island. It’s the second ________ (large) island in China.

三. 用适当的形容词或副词填空(首字母已给出)

1. A large number of mouths must be fed in those less d________ countries.

2. That evening Beethoven played the music for the girl as well as u______.

3. Hawaii is f_______ its beautiful beaches.

4. He often takes an a______ part in the sports meeting and he can get very good results each time.

5. The performance was so w_______ that everyone gave a long and loud applause(鼓掌).

6. Jiefang Road is the b_____ street in our city.

7. She lay a______ for hours thinking over her business.

8. I like ball games very much, but my f_______ sport is playing basketball.

9. The boy is too l______ . He doesn’t want to do anything.

10. The dictionary is very u________ . It will help you a lot.

【练习答案】

一. 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B

二. 1. Fortunately 2. widely 3.quickly 4. better 5. proud 6. snowy 7. politely 8. carefully 9. bigger 10. largest

三. 1. developed 2. usual 3. famous 4. active 5. wonderful 6. busiest 7. awake 8. favourite  9. lazy 10. useful

---

作者: 网站工作室    时间: 2010-3-30 09:25
三、动词

【考点直击】

1.动词的八种时态的构成及用法；

2.动词被动语态的构成及用法；

3.非谓语动词的构成及用法；

4.近义动词的用法区别。

【名师点睛】

1.动词的时态

　　英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中常用的有8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。

（1）一般现在时的基本用法

1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。

　    时间状语： every…, sometimes,　at…, on Sunday

　    I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。

　    The earth moves around the sun.

　    Shanghai lies in the east of China.

3) 表示格言或警句中。

　    Pride goes before a fall.

【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..

4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

　    I don't want so much.

5) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。

　　  The train comes at 3 o'clock.

　 6) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。

　　  I'll help you as soon as you have problem.

　　  Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him.

（2）一般过去时的用法： 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。

　　I worked in that factory last year.

【注意】

1) 过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用used to或would加动词原形来表达，例如：

       I used to go fishing on Sundays.

    2) “used to”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如：

       This river used to be clean.

（3）一般将来时的用法

1）表示将来的动作或状态。例如：

　　   I shall attend the meeting tomorrow.

2）表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：

He will go to see his mother every Saturdays.

　 3）表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺， 命令等时常用will，征求对方意见，主语是第一人称时，常用shall。

　　  I will do my best to catch up with them.

　　  Shall I open the door?

　 4）be + going + 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型，表示打算，计划，最近

或将来要作的某事。

　　  I am going to Beijing next week.

　 5）be + 动词不定式。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。

　　  There is to be a meeting this afternoon.

　　  We are to meet the guests at the station.

　 6）be about + 动词不定式，表示马上，很快作某事。

　　  They are about to leave.

（4）现在进行时的用法

　 1) 现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作， 它注重

现在正在进行的动作，而不管动作从什么时间开始，到什么时间结束。

　　  What are you doing now?

I am looking for my key.

　 2) 现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不一定在进行）。

　　  The students are preparing for the examination.

3) 某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有 arrive, come, leave, start等。

　　  They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.

【注意】有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态

①表示状态的动词，尤其是静态动词，如：be, have

②表示认识、知觉和情感的动词，如：know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等。

（5）现在完成时的用法

　 1) 现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。

　　  I have bought a ten-speed bicycle.

　　  They have cleaned the classroom.

　 2) 现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。 现在完成时常与for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。

　　 We have lived here since 1976.

　　 They have waited for more than two hours.

【注意】

一般过去时与现在完成时的区别

　  过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。

试比较：

I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在）

I have seen this film.   （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）

（6）过去进行时的用法

表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。例如：

　　I was watching TV when she came to see me.

【注意】

过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情，但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态，强调动作的连续进行，而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实，例如：

They were building a house last month. （上个月正在建造，建造好与否不知）

They built a new house last month. （上个月建造好了，动作已经完成）

（7）过去完成时的用法

　　过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和 by , before 等词组成的短语和从句连用。

　　We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year.

　　When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes.

（8）过去将来时的用法

过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态，过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。例如：

They were going to have a meeting.

I told him that I would see him off at the station.

2.动词的语态

语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。

（1）被动语态

1) 被动语态最基本的句型结构是： be +及物动词过去分词

2) 被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词

因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被动语态。

The children were taken good care of by her.

【注意】

短语动词中的介词或副词变成被动语态时不可遗漏。

3) 主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况

若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如：

The teacher made me go out of the classroom.

I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).

4) 主动形式表示被动意义

如wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。例如：

The food tastes good.

3.非谓语动词

对非谓语动词的考点是：感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to；有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。这些都是历年中考的重点。

（1）非谓语动词的形式

非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。

（2）不定式作宾语补足语

Father will not allow us to play on the street.　　　　　　　

（3）不定式作目的状语

He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.　

（4）用不定式和分词作补足语都可以的动词

这样的动词有感官动词如：see, hear, look, notice, observe, feel等，使役动词如：have, make, leave, keep, get等。接不定式表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性。

　   I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

　   昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)

　   I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）

昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

（5）用不带to不定式的情况

使役动词如： let, have, make等和感官动词如： see, watch, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。在被动语态中则to不能省掉。

（6）接动名词与不定式意义不同

1) stop to do　停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。

      stop doing　停止做某事。

　　2) forget to do　忘记要去做某事。　(未做)

　    forget doing　忘记做过某事。　　(已做)

3) remember to do 记得去做某事　　　　 (未做)

　    remember doing　记得做过某事　　　 (已做)

4) try to do　　努力，企图做某事。

　    try doing　 试验，试着做某事。

5) go on to do　做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。

go on doing　 继续做原来做的事。

　  6) mean to do　 打算、想

mean doing　意味着

4. 容易混淆的常用动词的辨析

(1) say, speak, talk, tell的用法。

1) say表示讲话，作为及物动词使用，后跟宾语或宾语从句。

He said he would go there.

It's time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.

2)speak表示“讲话”，一般作为不及物动词使用，而有时作为及物动词后面跟上各种语言作为宾语。

Do you speak English?

May I speak to Mr Pope, please?

3) talk表示“谈话”，是不及物动词，与to , about, with等连用，才可以接宾语。

What are you talking about?

Mr Jackson is talking with my father in the office now.

4) tell 表示“告诉，讲述”是及物动词，可以带双宾语或复合宾语。

She told us an interesting story yesterday.

My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month.

(2) look, see, watch和watch的用法。

1) look强调“看”这个动作，是不及物动词，常与at连用，然后接宾语。

Look! The girl is swimming in the lake.

Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual?

2) see 指“看见”某物，强调的是结果。

They can't see the words on the blackboard.

Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday?

3) watch 指的是“观看”，“注视”之意。

The twins are watching TV now.

He will go to watch a volleyball match.

4） read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”之意。

Don't read in the sun.

I like to read newspapers when I am free.

(3) borrow, lend和keep的区别。

1) borrow意思为“借入”，常常与from连用，是非延续性动词，表示瞬间即能完成的动作。

Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now.

May I borrow your dictionary?

2) lend 是“借出”之意，常常与to连用，同borrow一样，是非延续性动词，只表示瞬间即能完成的动作。

Uncle Wany has lent his car to Mr Li.

Could you lend us your radio, please?

3) keep是“保存”的意思，动作可以延续。

How long can the recorder be kept?

The farmer kept the pat for two weeks.

(4) bring, take, carry 和get的用法。

1) bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。

Bring me the book, please.

May I bring Jim to see you next Saturday?

2) take意思是“拿走”，“带走”，把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。

It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.

Mother took the little girl to the next room.

3) carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思，指随身携带，有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义，不表明来去的方向。

Do you always carry a handbag?

The box is heavy. Can you carry it?

4) get是去某处将某物拿回来。

Please go to my office to get some chalk.

There is no water in the bottle. Why not get some?

(5) wear, put on和dress的区别

1) wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等，强调“穿着”的状态。

Tom always wears black shoes.

He wears a raincoat even when it is fine.

She doesn't like to wear a red flowers in her hair.

2) put on是“穿上”“戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴的动作。

It's cold. You'd better put on your coat.

He put on his hat and went out of the room.

3) dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词，有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作“穿着”解时，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作为及物动词用时，它的宾语是人，不是衣服。dress sb. （给某人穿衣服），而wear作“穿着”用时，也是及物动词，但它的宾语是物，不是人，即wear sth.（穿着衣物）。

She always dresses well.

Get up and dress quickly.

Mary is dressing her child.

(6) take, spend 和use的用法。

1) take指做某事用多少时间，句型是：It takes/took/ will take + sb. +some time + to do sth.

It took me three days to finish the work.

It will take you a while week to travel thought the forest.

It takes only one hour to fly to Shanghai.

2) spend指某人在某事（物）上花费时间或钱。句型是：

Someone spends + money/time + on something(in) doing sth.

She spent more than 500 yuan on that coat.

He didn't spend much time on his lessons.

He spent much time (in) correcting students' exercises.

Mother spent her evenings (in) washing clothes.

3) use表示使用工具、手段等。

Do you know how to use the computer?

Shall we use your car?

(7)reach, get 和arrive的区别。

1) reach是及物动词，后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。

After the train had left, they reached the station

We reached the top of the mountain at last.

2) get是不及动词，常与to连用，再接名词，后面接表示地点的副词时，不用to，get to常用于口语中。

When the students got to the cinema, the film had begun.

My sister was cooking when mother got home.

3) arrive是不及物动词，表示到达一个小地方时，用arrive at, 到达一个大地方时用arrive in。

The soldiers arrived at a small village

The foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow.

---

作者: 网站工作室    时间: 2010-3-30 09:25
【实例解析】

1. (2004年北京海淀区中考试题）

  I’m interested in animals, so I ________ every Saturday working in an animal hospital.

  A. pay  B. get  C. take  D. spend

  答案：D。该题考查的是pay, get, take spend这四个动词的用法区别。在这四个动词中，只有spend常用于 “spend …ding sth.”的句型里，所以选D。

2. (2004年安徽省中考试题)

  ---Listen Helen is singing in the next room.

  ---It _________ be Helen. She has gone to Beijing.

  A. can’t  B. mustn’t  C. may  D. should

  答案：A。该题考查的是情态动词的用法。表示否定地推测通常用can’t。

3. (2004年江西省南昌市中考试题)

  ---I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.

  ---Oh, I am sorry I _________ dinner at my friend’s house.

  A. have  B. had  C. was having  D. have had

  答案：C。该题考查的是动词的时态。他们谈论的是昨天晚上某一时刻发生的事情，所以用过去进行时。

4. (2004年哈尔滨市中考试题)

  ---How long have you _______ the moteobike?

  ---For about two weeks.

  A. bought  B. had  C. borrowed  D. lent

  答案：B。该题考查的是延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法区别。这四个动词中只有had 是延续性动词，它的现在完成时可以同表示一段时间的时间状语连用。

【中考演练】

一.单项填空

1. Listen! Some of the girls ________ about Harry Potter. Let’s join them.

  A. are talking      B. talk

  C. will talk        D. talked

2. Our teacher, Miss Chen, ________English on the radio the day bore yesterday.

  A. teaches         B. taught

  C. will teach       D. had taught

3. I don’t think I _________ you in that dress before.

  A. have seen        B. was seeing

  C. saw             D. see

4. Susan’s parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _______ be very expensive.

  A. must  B. can  C. mustn’t  D. can’t

5. Coffee is ready. How nice it ________ ! Would you like some?

  A. looks  B. smells  C. sounds  D. feels

6. “ Mr. Zhu, you’d better _______ too much meat. You are already over weight,” said the doctor.

  A. not to eat  B. to eat  C. not eat  D. eat

7. “Don’t always make Michael ________ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear,” Mr. Bush said to his wife.

  A. do  B. to do  C. does  D. did

8. Sorry, I can’t hear you clearly. Will you please ________ your E-mail address? I’ll

  write it down.

  A. review  B. recite  C. report  D. repeat

9. Don’t ________ your coat, Tom! It’s easy to catch cold in spring.

  A. take away  B. take off  C. take down  D. take out

10. You _______ go and ask Meimei. She _______ know the answer.

  A. must; can  B. must; may  C. need; can  D. can; may

11. I’m sorry you’ve missed the train. It ________ 10 minutes ago.

  A. left  B. has left  C. had left  D. has been left

12. I bought a new dictionary and it ________ me 30 yuan.

  A. paid  B. spent  C. took  D. cost

13. ---Mum, may I go out and play basketball?

   ---_______ you _______ your homework yet?

  A. Do; finish  B. Are; finishing  C. Did; finishing  D. Have; finished

14. I have to go now. Please remember to ________ the lights when you leave.

  A. turn off  B. turn down  C. turn up  D. turn on

15. A talk on Chinese history ________ in the school next week.

  A. be given  B. has been given  C. will be given  D. will give

16. Look! How heavy the rain is! You’d better ________.

  A. don’t go now  B. stay here when it stops

  C. not leave until it stops  D. not to leave at once

17. You may go fishing if your work ________.

  A. is done  B. will be done  C. has done  D. have done

18. Cotton _______ nice and soft.

  A. is felt  B. is feeling  C. feel  D. feels

19. ---Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday, Dick?

   ---John _________.

  A. cleaned  B. does  C. did  D. is

20. ---Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning, _______?

   ---No. She got up too late.

  A. had she  B. hadn’t she  C. did she  D. didn’t she

二. 阅读短文，并用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。

                        A

   My name is Wang Bing. I’m from China. Now I ___1____ (study) at this school. I ____2___ (arrive) here on January 8. Since then, I ____3____ (make) a lot of friends. At school we speak English all the time. Next week, some new students from Africa, Asia and Latin America ____4____ (come) to our school. I’m very glad to know this because I enjoy ____5____ (meet) people from other countries.

1. study/am studying 2. arrived 3. have made 4. will come 5. meeting

                        B

   Since 1946, one of the most important inventions has been the computer. It has been changing all our lives.

   The first computer ____1___ (build) in 1946. It ____2____ (be) as large as a room and very difficult and slow ____3____ (use). But since the invention of silicon “chip”（硅片），computers ____4____ (become) smaller, easier and faster to operate. Some computers ____5____ (be) as small as TV sets. Some can even ____6___ (make) smaller than a book. And computers ____7____ (get) smaller and smaller all the time. Who knows what the computers of tomorrow ____8___ (be) like?

   There ____9___ (be) several reasons why the computer is useful to us. First, a lot of information can ____10____ (put) into computer. Second, the computer works very quickly---thousands of times faster than a man and it will not be tired. Third, modern computers can be built into other kinds of machines, like radios, cars and planes. So today people can spend less time doing more work with a computer.

三. 用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. No matter what the weather is like, you can always find surfers out _______ (ride) the waves.

2. ---What do you use the key for?

  ---It is ________ (use) for making the robot work.

3. No news _______ (be) good news. I’m sure Jane is still all right.

4. ---Are you feeling better these days?

  ---Yes, much better. I _______ as well as these days for a long time.

5. It ________ (rain) heavily, you’d better not go out now.

6. The city of Xian _______ (become) cleaner and cleaner.

7. The boys enjoy _______ (see) fight films very much.

8. He left the room without _______ (say) goodbye.

9. Rice ________ (grow) in the south of China.

10. Many trees ________ (plant) in our school yard these years.

四. 用方框中所给的动词或动词词组的适当形式填入下列句子里，使其意思通顺，每个动词或动词词组只能用一次

Allow, fall, not be, phone, receive, show, send for,

pay for, be used for, turn it off, keep on




1. It’s rather hot today, but the weather report says the temperature _______ to 28C tomorrow.

2. “Remember, nobody ________ to eat or drink in the computer room,” the assistant said to the new students.

3. Hi, Mike! I _________ your invitation. Thank you very much. I’ll come on time.

4. This time yesterday I ________ the foreigners around the ancient church.

5. My uncle phoned the booking office of the airline, and he was told there _______ any flights to Singapore in the following three days because of the bad weather.

6. Don’t lose heart and ________ trying.

7. Don’t watch TV. It’s too late. Please _______ and go to bed right now.

8. Computers are useful. They can ________ sending E-mail.

9. If you’ve lost this book, you have to _______ it.

10. Both of his feet were hurt in the accident. _______ a doctor, please.

---

作者: 网站工作室    时间: 2010-3-30 09:25
【练习答案】

一.1.A 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.A 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.C 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.C

二. 1. was built 2.was 3. to use 4. have become 5. are 6. be made 7. are getting 8. will be 9. are 10. be put

三. 1.riding 2.used 3.is 4.have not felt 5.is raining 6. is becoming 7.seeing 8.sayig 9.is grown 10.have been planted

四. 1.will fall 2.is allowed 3.have received 4.was showing 5.would not be 6.keep on 7.turn it off 8.be used for 9.pay for 10.Send for

---

作者: 网站工作室    时间: 2010-3-30 09:26
初三系列复习资料（4）数词、冠词考点集汇，讲解和训练

                            四、冠词和数词

【考点直击】

1.不定冠词a与an的用法
2.定冠词the的用法
3."零"冠词
4.基数词的用法

5.序数词的用法

【名师点睛】

一. 冠词的用法

冠词是虚词，放在名词之前，用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。

A(an)叫不定冠词，the叫定冠词。A用在辅音之前，an用在元音之前。

1. 不定冠词的用法

(1) a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：

John is a student.

Mary is an English teacher.

(2) 指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如:

A steel worker makes steel.

Pass me an apple, please.

(3) 指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或和物。例如：

A student wants to see you.

A girl is waiting for you outside.

(4) 表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。例如：

Take the medicine three times a day.

They go to see their parents once a week.

2. 定冠词用法

  (1) 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如：

     The book on the desk is an English dictionary.

     Beijing is the capital of China.

  (2) 指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如：

     Open the door, please.

     Jack is in the library.

  (3) 上文提到过的人或事物。例如：

     Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan.

  (4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如：

     The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

  (5) 用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如：

     Shanghai is the biggest city in China.

     January is the first month of the year.

  (6) 用在某些形容词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：

     The nurse is kind to the sick.

     We should take good care of the old.

  (7) 用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如：

     the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。

  (8) 用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫妇”。例如：

     the Browns, the whites等。

3. 不用冠词的情况

(1) 某些专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如：

     China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love等。

(2) 名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代词时，不用冠词。例如：

     That is my cap.

     I have some questions.

     Go down this street.

(3) 复数名词表示一类人或事物时，不用冠词。

They are workers.

We are students.

(4) 称呼语前不用冠词，表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。例如：

I don’t feel well today, Mother.

Bush was made president of the U.S.

(5) 三餐饭的名称前，球类活动，学科和节目名词前，常不用冠词。例如：

I have lunch at home.

He often plays football after class.

We have English and maths every day.

(6) 在某些固定词组里，名词之前常不用冠词。例如：

By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school, on foot, from morning till night 等。

二. 数词的用法

数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。

1. 基数词的用法

(1) 基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语，例如：

　　   Thirty of them are Party members.（主语）

　　   --- How many would you like？

　　   --- Three ，please．（作宾语）
　　   The nine boys are from Tianjing.（定语）
　　   Six plus four is ten.（表语）
　　   We four will go with you.（同位语）

(2) 表示一个具体数字时，hundred, thousand, million一律不用复数；在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如：

Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.

There are three thousand students in our school.

After the war, thousands of people became homeless.

Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.

　　  They arrived in twos and threes．

　 (3) 表示“……十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代，例如：

　　   He is in his early thirties．

　　   He died still in his forties．

　　   This took place in 1930s．

(4) 表示时刻用基数词。例如：

We get up at six.

The workers begin work at eight.

         表示“几点过几分”，用介词past,但须在半小时以内。例如：

ten past ten,

a quarter past nine,

half past twelve

         表示“几点差几分”用介词to, 但分数须在半小时以上。例如：

twenty to nine,

five to eight,

a quarter to ten

         表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。例如：

seven fifteen,

eleven thirty,

nine twenty

  2. 序数词的用法

　 （1）序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词，例如：

　　    The first truck is carrying a foot baskets．
　　    John lives on the fifteenth floor．

　 （2）序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”这样的意思，例如：

　　    We'll have to do it a second time．

Shall I ask him a third time？
　　    When I sat down，a fourth man rose to speak．

（3）由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应，很容易写错，应特别注意。它们是：one---first, two---second, three---third, five---fifth, eight---eighth, nine---ninth, twelve---twelfth。

（4）表示年，月，日时， 年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示。例如：

1949年十月一日读作: October (the) first, nineteen sixty

2004年九月十日读作：September (the) tenth, two thousand and four

（5）表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加-s。例如：

three fourths,

one second,

two fifths

（6）序数词有时用缩写形式：
       first→1st                     second→2nd
       third→3rd                     fourth→4th
       twenty-second→22nd

---

作者: 网站工作室    时间: 2010-3-30 09:26
【实例解析】

1. (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题)

  About ________ students in our class can describe that place in English.

  A. three-fifths  B. three-fifth  C. third-five  D. third-fifths

  答案：A。该题考查的是分数的表示法。分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母应加-s，因此应选A。

2. (2004年河北省中考试题)

  Nine _______ pounds a week? That’s very good.

  A. hundred of                     B. hundreds of

  C. hundreds                       D. hundred

  答案：D。该题考查的是数词的用法。Nine hundred是一个具体的数量，这是数词不能用复数形式，后面也不能加of。所以应选D。

3. (2004年北京市海淀区中考试题)

  We often have sports after class, and I like to play _______ basketball.

  A. a  B. an  C. the  D. 不填

  答案：D。该题考查的是冠词的用法。球类运动之前不加冠词，因此应选D。

4. (2004年江西省中考试题)

  This is _______ song I’ve told you about. Isn’t it _______ beautiful one?

  A. the; the  B. a; a  C. the; a  D. a; the

  答案：C。该题考查的是冠词的用法。第一个空是特指，特指我给你说过的那首歌，第二个空是表示某一个类别。所以应选C。

【中考演练】

一. .单项填空

  1. This morning I had ________ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast.

    A. an  B. a  C. the  D./

  2. ---What’s the matter with you?

     ---I caught ________ bad cold and had to stay in ________.

    A. a;/  B. a; the  C. a; a  D. the; the

  3. ---Have you seen _______ pen? I left it here this morning.

     ---Is it ________ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.

    A. a; the  B. the; the  C. the; a  D. a; a

  4. _______ sun is shining brightly.

    A. A  B. An  C. The  D. /

  5. There is _______ “h” in the word hour.

    A. a  B. the  C. an  D./

  6. Did you enjoy your stay in Xian?

    Yes. I had _______ wonderful time.

    A. a  B. an  C. the  D. /

  7. ______ sun is bigger than _______ earth.

    A. A; the  B. A; an  C. The; an  D. The; the

  8. There is _______ apple and some pears on the table.

    A. the  B./  C. a  D. an

  9. David has _______ cat. It’s very nice.

    A. a  B. an  C. the  D./

  10. I’m reading _______ novel. It is _______ interesting story.

    A. a; an  B. a; a  C. the; the  D. /; an

  11. It is said that SARS has killed more than ________ people worldwide.

    A. three hundreds     B. three hundreds’

    C. three hundred’s     D. three hundred

  12. ---How many workers are there in your factory?

     ---There are two __________.

    A. hundreds  B. hundred  C. hundred of  D. hundreds of

  13. ---Which is the smallest number of the four?

     ---_______________.

    A. Two-thirds  B. A half  C. A quarter  D. Three-fourths

  14. ---What do you think of a war, Li Ming?

     ---I’ve no idea. But it’s a fact that _______ people had to leave their hometown during the War on Iraq.

    A. three thousands          B. thousand of

    C. thousands of             D. several thousands

  15. We all think that the _______ century will bring us more hopes.

    A. twenty-first        B. twentieth-first

    C. twenty-one        D. twentieth-one

  16. ---Can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six?

     ---Yes, it is __________.

    A. 856620  B. 85626  C. 58662  D. 58626

  17. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _________.

    A. July 1, 1921          B. October 1, 1949

    C. August 1, 1927        D. May 1, 1922

  18. I was 8 years old when my father was 31. This year my father is twice my age. How old am I?

    A. 21  B. 22  C. 23  D. 24

  19. _______ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics.

    A. Thousand  B. Thousands  C. Thousand of  D. Thousands of

  20. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _______one.

    A. three  B. third  C. forth  D. /

二. 句子改错：下面各句A, B, C, D中有一处错误，请指出并改正。

1. May  is   a   fifth month of  the  year.

       A    B    C           D

2. The  film  has been on  for  half  a  hour.

   A           B        C       D

3. The boys and the girls often play  the  foot ball in   the  afternoon.

                A         B   C               D

4. It looks rain. Why not  take  a  umbrella  with  you?

    A                 B   C             D

5. Li Mei often gives us some good information  by  the  e-meil.

               A                 B      C   D

6. We’ve planted  two hundreds trees in  the  centre of our city this year.

          A         B              C        D

7. Five million   of  dollars  is  a lot of money.

      A        B          C          D

8. There  are  thousand  of   children in the park now.

         A       B     C     D

9. By the end of  twenty  century, the world  population  had passed six billion.

   A             B                        C                  D

10. Over three fifth of  the world’s books and newspapers  are  written in English.

           A        B                            C         D

【练习答案】

一. 1.A 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.D 9.A 10.A11.D 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.B

二. 1.B a→the 2.D a→an 3.C 去掉the 4.C a→an 5.D去掉the 6.B two hundreds→two hundred 7.B 去掉of 8.B thousand→thousands 9.B twenty→twentieth 10.A three fifth→three fifths

---

作者: 网站工作室    时间: 2010-3-30 09:26
五、代词

【考点直击】

1. 人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法；

2. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法；

3 反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法；

4 常见不定代词的一般用法；

5. 指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；

6. 相互代词的基本用法；

7. 疑问代词的基本用法。

8. 关系代词的基本用法。
【名师点睛】

　   代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。
一. 人称代词
　1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。


　2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：
　  I like table tennis. （作主语）

Do you know him?（作宾语）

3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：

---Whos is knocking at the door?

---It’s me.

4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：

He is older than me.

He is older than I am.
二. 物主代词
　1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性

物主代词，如下表所示。


　2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：
　  Our teacher is coming to see us.
　  This is her pencil-box.
　3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。
　　 Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）
　 --- Is this English-book yours? （作表语）
　 --- No. Mine is in my bag.
　 I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语）
三. 指示代词
　  指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。

1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those

则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：
　 This is a pen and that is a pencil．
　 We are busy these days．
　 In those days the workers had a hard time．

2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲

到的事物，例如：
　 I had a cold. That's why I didn't come.
　 What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English．

3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如：
　 Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai．
  4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如：

  Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?

四. 反身代词
　   英语中用来表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我们自己"，"你们自己"

等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示。




   反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。

　 1. 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人

或一些人。
　   He called himself a writer．
　   Would you please express yourself in English?　

2. 作表语。
　    It doesn't matter．I'll be myself soon．
　    The girl in the news is myself．
　 3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。
　    I myself washed the clothes．（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主语同位语）
　    You should ask the teacher himself．（作宾语同位语）
五. 不定代词
　  不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表

语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：

1. some与any的区别

1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。

     Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.

    . Some rice in the bag has been sold out.

     2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。

     If you have any questions, please ask me.

     There isn't any orange in the bottle.

     Have you got any tea?

     3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。

     How many people can you see in the picture?

     I can't see any.

     If you have no money, I'll lend you some.

        注意：与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。

2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别

1）用作形容词：

         含义

用法
表示肯定
表示否定

用于可数名词
a few虽少，但有几个
few不多，几乎没有

用于不可数名词
a little，虽少，但有一点
little不多，没有什么


  I'm going to buy a few apples.

  He can speak only a little Chinese.

  There is only a little milk in the glass.

  He has few friends.

  They had little money with them.

  2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。

  I'm a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)

  Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep)

  Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)

  She slept very little last night.

3. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。

用  法


代名词
形容词

单数
复数
单数
复数

不定
another

另一个
others

别人，其他人
another (boy)

另一个（男孩）
other (boys)

其他男孩

特定
the other

另一个
the others

其余那些人、物
the other (boy)

另一个男孩
the other (boys)

其余那些男孩




1）other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别

的”。

  Where are his other books?

  I haven't any other books except this one.

  2）other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ..., the other ...”句型。

  He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.

  She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.

  3）other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ...., others ...”句型。

  Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.

  This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.

  4）“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。

  We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock.

  In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.

5）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one.

  You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?

  Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?

  6）another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。

  I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.

4. every与each的区别。

each
every

1)可单独使用
1)不可单独使用

2)可做代名词、形容词
2)仅作形容词

3)着重“个别”
3)着重“全体”，毫无例外

4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物
4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物


  The teacher gave a toy to each child.

  Each ball has a different colour.

     当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。

  Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.

Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.

5. all和both的用法。

1）all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。

  All of us like Mr Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语）

  = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位语)

  All the water has been used up. (作主语)

  That's all for today. (作表语)

  Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语)

  All the leaders are here. (作定语)

  2）both作代词。

①与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。

  Lucy and Lily both agree with us.

  They both passed on their sticks at the same time.

  How are your parents? They're both fine.

  ②与“of +代词（或名词）”连用，表示“两者都”。

  Both of them came to see Mary.

  Both of the books are very interesting.

  ③单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。

  Michael has two sons. Both are clever.

  I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both.

  3）both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。

  Both his younger sisters are our classmates.

. There are tall trees on both sides of the street.

六. 相互代词
    表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。
　 We should learn from each other / one another. （作宾语）
　 Do you often write to each other / one another? （作宾语）
　 We often borrow each other's / one another's books. （作定语）
　 The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework.

（作定语）

七. 疑问代词
疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑

问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：

Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主语）

What is that?  (作表语)

Whose umbrella is this?  (作定语)

Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语)

八.关系代词

关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：

I hate people who talk much but do little.

I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.

With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.

Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?

【实例解析】

1. (2004年北京市中考试题)

  Mary, please show ________ your picture.

  A. my  B. mine  C. I  D. me

  答案：D。该提考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。在本题中，动词show的后面要跟双宾语，空白处缺少一个间接宾语，所以应选me。

2. (2004年北京市中考试题)

  ---What’s on TV tonight? Is there _________ interesting?

  ---I’m afraid not.

  A. something  B. anything  C. nothing  D. everything

  答案：B。该提考查的是不定代词的用法。这是一个疑问句。在疑问句中，通常用anything。

3. (2004年上海徐汇区中考试题)

  ________ of them has his own opinion.

  A. Both  B. Some  C. Every  D. Each

  答案：D。该题考查的是不定代词用法。因为谓语动词是单数形式，所以Both和Some都不对。Every 不能作主语，所以只有Each合适。

4. (2004年安徽省中考试题)

  ---Where is my pen?

  ---Oh, sorry. I have taken _______ by mistake.

  A. yours  B. his  C. mine  D. hers

  答案：A。该题考查的是物主代词的用法。根据题干的背景，我们可以判断出错拿的钢笔应该是对方的，所以选yours。

---

作者: 网站工作室    时间: 2010-3-30 09:27
【中考演练】

一. 单项填空

1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.

  A. you  B. me  C. him  D. her

2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.

  A. a little  B. little  C. a few  D. few

3. ---You want ________ sandwich?

  ---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.

  A. other  B. another  C. others  D. the other

4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______.

  A. they  B. them  C. themselves  D. theirs

5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?

  ---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.

  A. Either  B. Neither  C. Both  D. None

6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.

  ---Never mind. You can have ________.

  A. us  B. ours  C. you  D. yours

7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?

  ---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.

  A. Either  B. Neither  C. Both  D. None

8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term?

  ---Work harder than last term.

  A. ourselves  B. myself  C. himself  D. yourself

9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for?

  ---Her cousin, Susan.

  A. that  B. whose  C. who  D. which

10. ---Is _______ here?

   ---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.

  A. everybody  B. somebody  C. anybody  D. nobody

11. Paul has _______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.

  A. many  B. some  C. few  D. more

12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30.

  A. more  B. other  C. the other  D. another

13. ---Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?

   ---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America?

  A. neither  B. both  C. none  D. either

14. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?

   ---No. _______ of them can use a computer.

  A. None  B. Both  C. Neither  D. All

15. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith?

  A. you; it  B. you; he  C. your; it  D. your; that

16. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand?

  A. another  B. other  C. one  D. the other

17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.

  A. us  B. our  C. ours  D. ourselves

18. ---Is there a bus to the zoo?

   ---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo.

  A. no  B. any  C. some  D. none

19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _______.

  A. me  B. my  C. mine  D. myself

20. This is ______ classroom. Where is _______?

  A. our; them  B. us; they  C. our; theirs  D. ours; theirs

二. 用所给代词的适当形式填空

1. This is not my pencil-box. _______ ( I ) is in the bag.

2. Trees are planted in ______ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful.

3. ---Is that bike Miss Gao’s?

  ---Yes, it is ______(she) . Beautiful, isn’t it?

4. Help ______ (you) to some fruit, Jack.

5. ---Who taught your brother to surf?

  ---Nobody. He learnt all by _______ (he).

6. Their English teacher is from America, but ______ (we) is from England.

7. Mary’s answer is different from ________ ( I ).

8. ---My watch keeps good time. What about _______(you)?

  ---Mine? Oh, two minutes slow.

9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with ______ (he)?

10. Did you enjoy _______ (you), Mary and Kate?

三. 用适当的代词填空

1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, _______ is a teacher.

2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; _______ like ball games.

3. Let’s go and have a drink. We’ve got _______ time before the train leaves.

4. We were all very tired, but _______ of us would like to have a rest.

5. ______ of the twins are in our class.

6. Boys, don’t touch the machines, or you may hurt _______.

7. It is said there is going to be ________ important in the CCTV news.

8. We couldn’t buy anything because _______ of the shops opened at that time.

9. They didn’t learn _______ new in this lesson.

10. ---Why is ______ easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well?

   ---Because Britain, Germany and France are all very near ______ country.

四. 用适当的疑问代词和关系代词填空

1. ______ is the population of the world today?

2. _______ jumped the longest of all in the long jump?

3. --- _______ colour is your mother’s dress?

  ---It’s black.

4. ---______ is your car?

  ---The red one in front of the tree.

5. ---______ of the following can you often find on a medicine bottle?

  ---I know, sir. It’s instruction.

6. The necklace ______ she is wearing is beautiful.

7. Do you know the person _______ lost his bike?

8. Most people _______ live in less developed countries are quite poor.

9. The boy ______ is helping the old man is John’s brother.

10. People ______ use credit cards to buy things online should be very careful

【练习答案】

一. 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.C

二.1.Mine 2.our 3.hers 4.yourself 5.himself 6.ours 7.mine 8.yours 9.him 10.yourselves

三. 1..the other 2.others 3.a little 4. none 5.Both 6.yourselves 7.something 8.none 9.anything 10.it; her

四. 1. What 2. Who 3. What 4. Which 5. Which 6. that/ which 7. that/ who 8. who/that 9. who/ that 10. who/ that

---

作者: 网站工作室    时间: 2010-3-30 09:27
六、介词和连词

【考点直击】

1. 常用介词及其词组的主要用法和意义；

2. 常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义。

3. 并列连词and, but, or, so等的主要用法；

4. 常用的从属连词的基本用法

【名师点睛】

1. 介词的功能

介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：

The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语)

The girl will be back in two hours.  (状语)

Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)

Help yourself to some fish.   (宾语补足语)

2. 常用介词的用法辨析

（1）表时间的介词

1）at, in on

表示时间点用at。例如：at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the ninettenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。

2）since, after

由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：

I haven’t heard from him since last summer.

After five days the boy came back.

3）in, after

in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：

He will be back in two months.

He will arrive after four o’clock.

He returned after a month.

（2）表示地点的介词

1）at, in, on

at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：

He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.

They arrived at a small village before dark.

There is a big hole in the wall.

The teacher put up a picture on the wall.

2）over, above, on

over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：

There is a bridge over the river.

We flew above the clouds.

    They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.

3）across, through

across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：

The dog ran across the grass.

The boy swam across the river.

    They walked through the forest.

    I pushed through the crowds.

4) in front of, in the front of

in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：

There are some tall trees in front of the building.

The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.

3. 介词的固定搭配

    介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。

（1）介词与动词的搭配

listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…, 等。

（2）介词与名词的搭配

on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。

（3）介词与形容词的搭配

be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。

4. 连词的功能

用来连接词，短语，从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独使用。连词可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。

5. 并列连词

并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：

(1)表并列关系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。

(2)表选择关系的or, either…or等。

(3)表转折关系的but, while等。

(4)表因果关系的for, so等。

6. 从属连词

从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：

(1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。

(3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。

(4)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。

(5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。

(6)引导结果状语从句的so that, so…that, such…that等。

(7)引导比较状语从句的than, as…as等。

(8)引导名词从句的that, if , whether等。

7. 常用连词的用法辨析

（1） while, when, as

这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。

1) 当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如：

As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.

2) 当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。例如：

While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.

3) 当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。例如：

As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them.

4) 当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边…一边…”时，最常用as。例如：

Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.

She looked behind from time to time as she went

5) 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when。例如：

When he finished his work, he took a short rest.

6) 当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。例如：

When John arrived I was cooking lunch.

（2）as, because, since , for

这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。

1) 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：

I stayed at home because it rained.

---Why aren’t you going?

---Because I don’t want to.

2) 如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：

As he wasn’t ready, we left without him.

Since I have no money, I can’t buy any food.

3) for用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如：

I decided to stop and have lunch----for I was feeling quite hungry.

（3）if, whether

if和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如：

I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.

I don’t know whether (if) he likes that film.

在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：

1) 引导主语从句时。例如：

Whether he will come to the party is unknown.

2) 引导表语从句时。例如：

The question is whether I can pass the exam.

3) 在不定式前。例如：

I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.

（4）so…that, such...that

1) so…that中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such...that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：

I’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther.

It was such a warm day that he went swimming.

2) 如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时，用so,不用such。例如：

He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.

I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.

（5）either…or…, neither…nor, not only…but also…

这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，

谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如：

Either you or he is wrong.

Neither he nor his children like fish.

    Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book.

（6）although, but

这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Although he is

over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”这个句子应改为：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.

（7）because, so

这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Because John

was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.

【实例解析】

1.（2004年北京市中考试题）

  ---When will Mr Black come to Beijing?

  ---___________ September 5.

  A. On  B. To  C. At  D. In

  答案：A。表示时间的介词的用法。表示某一天用介词on。

2. (2004年安徽省中考试题)

  The boys felt sad as they lost ________ the girls in the talk show.

  A. by  B. in  C. to  D. on

  答案：C。该题考查的是介词和动词的固定搭配。lose表示输给谁的时候用介词to。应选C。

3. (2004年吉林省中考试题)

  ---I like riding fast. It’s very exciting.

  ---Oh! You mustn’t do it like that, ________ it may have an accident.

  A. and  B. or  C. so  D. but

  答案：B。该题考查的是并列连词的用法。答语的意思是“你不要那样做，否则会发生事故的。”在这四个并列连词中，只有or含有这样的意思，所以应选B。

4. (2004年天津市中考试题)

  John fell asleep ________ he was listening to the music.

  A. after  B. before  C. while  D. as soon as

  答案：C。该题考查的是引导时间状语从句的常用从属连词的用法。本句的含义是“约翰在听音乐的时候睡着了。”表示在干某事时发生了某个事情” 通常用while。因此应选C。

---

作者: 网站工作室    时间: 2010-3-30 09:28
【中考演练】

一. 单项填空

  1. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _______ 5 o’clock ______ the morning.

    A. on; in  B. at; in  C. at; on  D. in; on

  2. Where’s Lily? We are all here _______ her.

    A. beside  B. about  C. except  D. with

  3. She sent her friend a postcard _______ a birthday present.

    A. on  B. as  C. for  D. of

  4. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _______ the year of 2000.

    A. since  B. in  C. on  D. by

  5. ---What is a writing brush, do you know?

    ---It’s _______ writing and drawing.

    A. with  B. to  C. for  D. by

  6. English is widely used ______ travellers and business people all over the world.

    A. to  B. for  C. as  D. by

  7. ______ the help of my teacher, I caught up with the other students.

    A. Under  B. In  C. With  D. On

  8. Hong Kong is ______ the south of China, and Macao is ______ the west of Hong Kong.

    A. in; to  B. to; to  C. to; in  D. in; in

  9. ---You’d better not go out now. It’s raining.

    ---It doesn’t matter. My new coat can keep ______ rain.

    A. in  B. of  C. with  D. off

  10. Japan lies ______ the east of China.

    A. to  B. in  C. about  D. at

  11. ---Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008?

    ---I don’t think so. Now ______ the young ______ the old can speak some English.

    A. either…or               B. not only… but also

    C. neither…nor             D. both…or

  12. We didn’t catch the train _______ we left late.

    A. so  B. because  C. but  D. though

  13. Tom failed in the exam again _______ he wanted to pass it very much.

    A. if  B. so  C. though  D. as

  14. I won’t believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words ______ I have tested him myself.

    A. after  B. when  C. if  D. until

  15. The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours ______ he realized it.

    A. when  B. until  C. after  D. before

  16. ---This dress was last year’s style.

     ---I think it still looks perfect ______ it has gone out this year.

    A. so that  B. even though  C. as if  D. ever since

  17. Hurry up, _______ you will miss the train.

    A. and  B. so  C. however  D. or

  18. The mountain was ______ steep _____ few people in our city reached the top.

    A. so…as  B. so…that  C. as…as  D. too…to

  19. ---Do you remember our pleasant journey to Xi’an?

     ---Of course. I remember everything ______ it happened yesterday.

    A. as soon as            B. even though

    C. rather than            D. as if

  20. ______ you can’t answer this question, we have to ask someone else for help.

    A. Although  B. While  C. Whether  D. Since

二. 用适当的介词填空

  1. ---How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt?

    ---I’m going there _______ my car.

  2. Mum, today is Mother’s Day. Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner _____ us at Zhonglou Restaurant.

  3. Hangzhou is famous ______ the West Lake.

  4. Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures ______ a camera.

  5. Could you tell me if there is a flight to the capital ______ March, 25th?

  6. We all agree ______ you. Let’s start at once.

  7. There is a big shop ______ the other side of the road.

  8. ---Which necklace have you lost?

    ---The one you gave me _____ my birthday.

  9. You should take more exercise. It’s good ______ your health.

  10. It is clear that fish cannot live _______ water.

三. 用适当的连词填空

  1. ______ they are brothers, they don’t look like each other at all.

  2. The dress was very expensive, ______ I didn’t buy it.

  3. ---Do you know ______ I could pass the exam?

    ---Sorry, I’ve no idea.

  4. Mr. Brown knows little Japanese, ______ he can’t understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills.

  5. The war was over about a year ago, ______ the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with.

  6. ---Is David at school today?

    ---No. He is at home _______ he has a bad cold.

  7. _____ Lily _____ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.

  8. Study hard, _____ you are sure to have a good result in the exam.

  9. Please have a wash _______ you go to bed.

  10. The twins have learned a lot ______ they came to China.

【练习答案】

一. 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.A11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.D 16.B 17.D 18.B 19.D 20.D

二. 1.in 2.with 3.for 4.like 5.on 6.with 7.on 8.for 9.for 10.without

三. 1.Although/ Though 2.so 3.if/ whether 4.so 5.but 6.because 7.Either…or 8.and 9.before 10.since

---

作者: 网站工作室    时间: 2010-3-30 09:28
八、宾语从句

【考点扫描】

中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：

1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；

2. 宾语从句的语序；

3. 宾语从句的时态。

考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句。

【名师精讲】

一. 宾语从句的种类

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或

形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语

和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：

He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.

I am sure (that) he will succeed.

2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?

He asked whose handwriting was the best.

Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?

I don’t know why the train is late.

3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：

I want to know if (whether) he lives there.

He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

二. 宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：

I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.

I think (that) you will like this school soon.

Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?

Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.

三. 宾语从句的时态

1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。

如：

I don’t think (that) you are right.

Please tell us where he is.

Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?

2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：

He asked what time it was.

He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.

He asked if you had written to Peter.

He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：

Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.

【中考范例】

1. (2004年北京市中考试题)

  Miss Green didn’t tell us _______ in 2002.

  A. where does she live       B. Where she lives

  C. where did she live        D. where she lived

  【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。

2. (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题)

  Would you please tell me ________?

  A. when did he come home

  B. where he would play football

  C. if he had seen the film

  D. why he didn’t watch the game

  【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。

3. (2004年哈尔滨市中考试题)

  I don’t know when __________.

  A. will the train leave         B. the train will leave

  C. would the train leave       D. the train leave

  【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。

4. (2004年常州市中考试题)

  ---We don’t know _____________.

  ---It is said that he was born in Sweden.

  A. what he is                  B. if he lives here

  C. where he comes from         D. which country is he from

  【解析】答案: C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。

【满分演练】

一. 单项填空

1. Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday?

  A. what will Tom do    B. what did Tom do

  C. what Tom will do    D. what Tom did

2. I want to know_________.

  A. what is his name      B. what’s his name

  C. that his name is       D. what his name is

3. Do you know ________ I could pass the exam?

  A. that  B. whether  C. what  D. which

4. Jim doesn’t understand ____________.

  A. which is the way to the museum

  B. why his wife always goes shopping

  C. what is the way to the museum

  D. why does she always go shopping

5. ---Could you tell me ______ she is looking for?

  A. that  B. whose  C. who  D. which

6. Mr. King didn’t know _______ yesterday evening.

  A. when does his son come home

  B. when his son comes home

  C. when did his son come home

  D. when his son came home

7. Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning?

  A. how does he mend   B. how he mends

  C. how he mended      D. how did he mend

8. ---I’m waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive?

  ---Usually it comes by 4: 00.

  A. how  B. where  C. when  D. what

9. ---Excuse me, would you please tell me ________?

  ---Certainly. Go straight along here. It’s next to a hospital.

  A. how we can get to the post office

  B. how can we get to the post office

  C. how get to the post office

  D. how could we get to the post office

10. ---Can I help you?

   ---Yes. I’d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me ______ take to get there?

   A. how soon will it   B. how soon it will

   C. how long it will   D. how long will it

11. He wanted to know ___________.

   A. whether he speaks at the meeting

   B. when the meeting would start

   C. what he’s going to do at the meeting

   D. where would the meeting be held

12. ---Could you tell me _________ the Bamboo Garden?

   ---The day after tomorrow, I think.

   A. when will you visit      B. when you will visit

   C. when would you visit    D. when you would visit

13. Would you please tell me _________ next, Mr Wang?

   A. what should we do      B. we should do what

   C. what we should do      D. should we do what

14. You can’t imagine _________ when they received these nice Christmas presents.

   A. how they were excited   B. how excited they were

   C. how excited were they   D. they were how excited

15. I want to know ________ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.

   A. that  B. when  C. where  D. whether

16. ---Could you tell me ____________?

   ---Sorry, I don’t know. I was not at the meeting.

   A. what does he say at the meeting

   B. what did he say at the meeting

   C. what he says at the meeting

   D. what he said at the meeting

17. ---Could you tell me _________ last night?

   ---Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home.

   A. what you were doing    B. what were you doing

   C. what you are doing      D. what are you doing

18. The teacher asked the students __________.

   A. if they were interested in dinosaurs

   B. when was Albert Einstein born

   C. what they will do with the computers

   D. how many trees they have planted

19. Every morning the patients are asked if ________ their temperature taken.

   A. they had had                  B. have they had

   C. they have had                 D. had they had

20. It’s up to you to decide _______ you’ll go there, by air or by road.

   A. how  B. why  C. that  D. when

二. 根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子

1. 李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。

  Li Ming says _______ _______ interested in playing computer games.

2. 我认为玛丽不回来了。

  I don’t think Mary ______ ______.

3. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。

  Sam told me that he _______ _______ for Shanghai.

4. 请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？

  Could you tell me _______ I can get to the Bell Tower?

5. 父亲说他买了一台新电脑。

  Father said that he ________ ________ a new computer..

6. 我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。

  I want to know _________ there is a train to Beijing.

7. 你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？

  Do you know ______ _______ a double room ______?

8. 请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗？

  Could you tell me ______ ______ we’re going to be away?

9. 叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。

  Uncle said that he ______ _______ a new novel.

10. 杰克说他有重要事情要做。

  Jack said he _______ something important to do.

【练习答案】

一. 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.A 19.C 20.A

二. 1.he is 2.will come 3.was leaving 4.how 5.had bought 6.if (whether) 7.how much 8.how long 9.was writing 10.had

---

作者: 网站工作室    时间: 2010-3-30 09:28
九、定语从句

【考点扫描】

中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：

1．定语从句的功用和结构

2．关系代词和关系副词的功用

3．各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。

【名师精讲】

一. 定语从句的功用和结构

    在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.

Do you know everybody who came to the party?

I still remember the night when I first came to the village?

This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.

二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用

    关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。

1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

2. 作宾语：

She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.

3. 作定语

关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

4. 作状语

I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

This is the house where I was born.

三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：

The person who broke the window must pay for it.

The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：

Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？

Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

I know the boy whose father is a professor.

4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：

I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.

Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

     I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.

     He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.

7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

     This is the house where we lived last year.

     The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

四. 关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room  

which we had lived in for ten years.

五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：

1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：

(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如：

        All that he said is true.  

     (2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：

        He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.  

(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：

He was the second (person) that told me the secret.

(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

This is the best book (that) I have read this year.

(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：

He talked about the people and the things he remembered.

2. 只能用which，不用that 的情况：

(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如：

       The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.

     (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：

       The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.

【中考范例】

1. (2004年哈尔滨中考试题)

  ---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?

  ---Yes, he does.

  A. which  B. whose  C. where  D. who

  【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。

2. (2004年常州市中考试题)

  The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.

  A. who  B. where  C. what  D. that

  【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。

3. (2004年扬州市中考试题)

  ---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?

  ---He has gone back to Qinghua University.

  A. whom  B. who  C. whose  D. which

  【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。

4. (2004年益阳市中考试题)

I hate people _______ talk much but do little.

  A. whose  B. whom  C. which  D. who

  【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。

【满分演练】

一. 单项填空

1. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?

  ---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.

  A. he  B. that  C. whom  D. which

2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.

  A. who  B. which  C. they  D. where

3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.

  A. which  B. when  C. who  D. whom

4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.

  A. who  B. whom  C. he  D. which

5. This is the place     _____I have ever visited.

  A. there       B. when      C. where       D. which

6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.

   A. that  B. which  C. why  D. when

7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.

   A. that  B. which  C. where  D. why

8. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.

   A. when  B. where  C. that  D. which

9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.

   A. when  B. where  C. that  D. on which

10. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.

   A. who  B. that  C. whose  D. which

11. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.

   A. that  B. which  C. when  D. where

12. This is the house _______ I want to buy.

   A. in which  B. that  C. whose  D. where

13. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.

   A. which  B. that  C. when  D. where

14. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.

   A. that  B. which  C. when  D. where

15. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.

   A. that  B. which  C. where  D. when

二. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句

1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.

2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.

3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.

4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.

5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.

6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.

7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.

8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.

9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.

10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.

三. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空

1. The house _______ we live in is very big.

2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.

4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.

5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.

6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.

7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.

8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.

9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived?

10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.

【练习答案】

一. 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B

二. 1.The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother.

2. The old man who teaches chemistry in a college is a professor.

3. Beijing Hotel where the foreign visitors live is near Tian An Men Square.

4. The woman whom you were talking about is here now.

5. This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.

6. The car which just passed us was going 90 miles an hour.

7. The man who waved us was my uncle.

8. I enjoyed reading the book you gave me last week.

9. The subject I prefer is science.

10.The man I spoke to is a professor.

三. 1.that/ which 2.who/ that 3.that/ which 4.who/ that 5.that 6.that 7.which 8.which/ that 9.where 10.when

---

作者: 网站工作室    时间: 2010-3-30 09:29
十、交际用语

【考点扫描】

近年来的中考试题中，对日常交际用语的考查比重越来越大。涉及到在各种情景下的问和答；涉及到英语国家的文化习俗；涉及到口语和书面表达。考查的形式有听力理解，有补全对话，有单项选择，有情景反应，有书面表达。

【名师精讲】

初中阶段要掌握的30个日常交际项目是：

1.问候  Greetings

a.Good morning/afternoon/evening.

Hello/Hi.

How are you?

b.Fine, thank you, And you?

Very well, thank you.

2.介绍  Introductions

a.This is Mr/Mrs/Miss/Comrade….

b.How do you do?  

Nice/Glad to see/meet you.

c.My name is….

I’m a student/worker etc.(here).

3.告别  Farewells

a.I think it’s time for to leave now.

b.Goodbye! (Bye-bye! Bye!)

See you later/tomorrow. (See you.)

Good night.

4.打电话  Making telephone calls

a.Hello! May I speak to …?

Is that… (speaking)?

b.Hold on, please.

He/She isn’t here right now.

Can I take a message for you?

c.I called to tell/ask you…

d.Goodbye.

5.感谢和应答  Thanks and responses

a.Thank you (very much).

Thanks a lot.

Many thanks.

Thanks for…

b.Not at all.

That’s all right.

You’re welcome.

6.祝愿，祝贺和应答  Good wishes, congratulations, responses

a.Good luck!

Best wishes to you.

Have a nice/good time.

Congratulations!

c.Thank you.

d.Happy New Year!

Merry Christmas!

Happy birthday to you.

e.The same to you.

7.意愿  Intentions

   I’m going to…

   I will...

   I’d like to…

   I want/hope to…

8.道歉和应答  Apologies and responses

a.I’m sorry. (Sorry.)

I’m sorry for/about…

Excuse me.

b.That’s all right.

It doesn’t matter.

That’s nothing.

9.遗憾和同情  Regrets and sympathy

What a pity!

I’m sorry to hear…

10.邀请和应答  Invitations and responses

a.Will you come to…?

Would you like to…?

b.Yes, I’d love to…

Yes, it’s very kind/nice of you.

c.I’d love to, but…

11.提供（帮助等）和应答  Offers and responses

a.Can I help you?

What can I do for you?

Here, take this/my…

Let me…for you.

Would you like some…?

b.Thanks. That would be nice/fine.

Thank you for your help.

Yes, please.

c.No, thanks/thank you.

That’s very kind of you, but…

12.请求允许和应答  Asking for permission and responses

a.May I…?

Can/Could I…?

b.Yes/Certainly.

Yes, do please.

Of course (you may).

That’s Ok/all right.

c.I’m sorry, but…

You’d better not.

13.表示同意和不同意  Expressing agreement and disagreement

a.Certainly/Sure/Of course.

Yes, please.

Yes, I think so.

b.That’s true/OK.

That’s a good idea.

I agree (with you).

c.No, I don’t think so.

I’m afraid not.

I really can’t agree with you.

14.表示肯定和不肯定  Expressing certainty and uncertainty

a.I’m sure.

I’m sure (that) …

b.I’m not sure.

I’m not sure whether/if…

c.Maybe/Perhaps

15.喜好和厌恶  Likes and dislikes

a.I like/love… (very much).

I like/love to…

b.I don’t like (to) …

I hate (to) …

16.谈论天气  Talking about the weather

a.What’s the weather like today?

How’s the weather in…?

b.It’s fine/cloudy/windy/rainy, etc.

It’s rather warm/cold/hot/etc. today, isn’t it?

17.购物  Shopping

a.What can I do for you?

May/Can I help you?

b.I want/I’d like…

How much is it?

That’s too much/expensive, I’m afraid.

That’s fine. I’ll take it.

Let me have…kilo/box, etc.

c.How many/much do you want?

What colour/size/kind do you want?

d.Do you have any other kind/size/colour,etc.?

18.问路和应答  Asking the way and responses

a.Excuse me. Where’s the men’s/ladies’ room?

Excuse me, can you tell me the way to…?

How can I get to…? I don’t know the way.

b.Go down this street.

Turn right/left at the first/second crossing.

It’s about …metres from here.

19.问时间或日期和应答  Asking the time or date and responses

a.What day is (it) today?

What’s the date today?

What time is it?

What’s the time, please?

b.It’s Monday/Tuesday, etc.

It’s January 10th.

It’s five o,clock/half past five/a quarter to five/five thirty, etc.

It’s time for…

20.请求  Requests

a.Can/Could you…for me?

Will/would you please…?

May I have…?

b.Please give/pass me…

Please wait (here/a moment).

Please wait for your turn.

Please stand in line/line up.

Please hurry.

c.Don’t rush/crowd.

No noise, please.

No smoking, please.

21.劝告和建议  Advice and suggestions

a.You’d better…

You should…

You need (to)…

b.Shall we…?

Let’s…

What /How about…?

22.禁止和警告  Prohibition and warnings

a.You can’t/mustn’t…

If you…, you’ll…

b.Take care !

Be careful !

Look out !

23.表示感情  Expressing certain emotions

a.喜悦  Pleasure, joy

I’m glad/pleased/happy to…

That’s nice.

That’s wonderful/great.

b.焦虑  Anxiety

What’s wrong?

What’s the matter (with you)?

I’m/He’s/She’s worried.

Oh, what shall I/we do?

c.惊奇  Surprise

Really?

Oh dear?

Is that so?

24.就餐  Taking meals

a.What would you like to have?

Would you like something to eat/drink?

b.I’d like…

Would you like some more…?

Help yourself to some…

c.Thank you. I’ve had enough/Just a little, please.

25.约会  Making appointments

a.Are you free this afternoon/evening?

How about tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening?

Shall we meet at 4: 30 at…?

b.Yes, that’s all right.

Yes, I’ll be free then.

c.No, I won’t be free then. But I’ll be free…

a.       All right. See you then.

26.传递信息  Passing on a message

a.Will you please give this note/message to…?

b.asked me to give you this note.

c.Thanks for the message.

27.看病  Seeing the doctor

a.There’s something wrong with…

I’ve got a cough.

I feel terrible(bad).

I don’t feel well.

I’ve got a pain here.

This place hurts.

b.Take this medicine three times a day.

Drink plenty of water and have a good rest.

It’s nothing serious.

You’ll be right/well soon.

28.求救  Calling for help

a.Help!

b.What’s the matter?

29.语言困难  Language difficulties

   Pardon.

   Please say that again/more slowly.

   What do you mean by…?

   I’m sorry I can’t follow you.

   I’m sorry I know only a little English.

30.常见的标志和说明  Some common signs and instructions

BUSINESS HOURS      FRAGILE

OFFICE HOURS         THIS SIDE UP

OPEN                  MENU

CLOSED                NO SMOKING

PULL                   NO PARKING

PUSH                   NO PHOTOS

ON                     DANGER!

OFF                    PLAY

ENTRANCE             STOP

EXIT                    PAUSE

INSTRUCTIONS

    同学们在中考复习时，首先应熟记教材第一至三册中出现的常用交际用语和习惯表达法。重点掌握问路、打电话、购物、看病、就餐和谈论天气等六种情景中的表达方法。明确学习交际用语的目的是为了培养与讲英语人士进行口头交际的能力。学习日常交际用语，要了解西方的风土人情，必须记住一些典型的日常交际用语；要明确谈话的场合和对象，因为在许多交际场合，怎么问和怎么答都有一些约定俗成的语言；要注意中西文化传统和背景的不同，使用得体的语言。因此，同学们必须熟悉这些套话，熟练地掌握它们。这样才能结合自己所处的环境，知道在什么时候、什么地方、用什么方式、对什么人使用恰当的语言表达出自己的意思，给予正确的应答，还要能自如应付各种形式的测试，如单项选择、对号入座、补全对话及排列顺序等。

    做这类题目的思路和方法归纳起来有以下九点：

1. 要根据不同的情景，使用不同的表达法。

2. 要正确判断出对话的情景。

3. 问话或答语不能离题。

4. 用筛选法选择正确对话。

5. 从语意进行判断。

6. 根据习惯用法进行选择。

7. 答语要符合西方人的文化、风俗和习惯。

8. 要使用文明礼貌的语言。

9. 要遵照口语交际特点，不要死套语法规则。

【中考范例】

1. (2004年北京市中考试题)

  ---Would you like to go out for a walk with us?

  ---_________, but I must finish my homework first.

  A. Of course not                 B. That’s all right

  C. I’d love to                    D. Yes, I do

  【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是如何婉拒别人的邀请。对方邀请出去散步，但因为要做家庭作业而婉言拒绝。符合这一情景的答语只有C。

2. (2004年江西省中考试题)

  ---I haven’t seen Jack for three days. Is he ill?

  ---________. His mother told me that he was in hospital.

  A. I am afraid so               B. I hope not

  C. I don’t expect               D. I am afraid not

  【解析】答案：A。该题考查的是如何回答别人的询问。对方询问某人是否有病，由于答话人已经知道某人有病（从后一句答语可知），只能给出肯定回答。

3. (2004年济宁市中考试题)

  ---Thank you for your delicious dinner.

  ---__________.

  A. Don’t say that             B. It’s nothing

  C. I don’t think so             D. I’m glad you enjoyed it

  【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是如何回答别人的感谢和赞扬。说英语国家的人在回答别人的感谢和赞扬时与中国人的习惯不同, 他们不是自我谦虚，而是表示高兴。

4. (2004年济宁市中考试题)

  Turn the box over, please. Can’t you see the words “________”?

  A. DANGER  B. MENU  C. THIS SIDE UP  D. FRAGILE

  【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是常用英语标志和说明。只有看到箱子上有 “THIS SIDE UP”这样的标志，才能发现箱子放倒了，才会让对方把箱子反过来。

【满分演练】

一. 单项选择

1. ---I hope you don’t mind my pointing out your mistakes.

----_________ .

A. Not at all             B. You’re welcome

C. Of course             D. It’s a pleasure

2. ---I’m sorry. I’ve broken your cup.

---_______ .

A. It doesn’t matter    B. Thank you

C. Not at all          D. Excuse me

3. ---Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?

---_________

A. It doesn’t matter.       B. That’s nothing.

C. Good idea!            D. You’re welcome.

4. ---Will you go shopping together with us this Sunday, Jenny?

  ---Yes, __________.

  A. I do  B. I’d like to  C. I’d love to do  D. I’m busy

5. ---What a nice meal! Thank you for having us.

  ---________.

  A. It doesn’t matter       B. It was a pleasure

  C. Not nice enough       D. With pleasure

6. --Wish you a happy New Year!

  ---________.

  A. The same to you        B. You do too

  C. The same as you        D. You have it too

7. ---Hello. May I speak to Tom Smith?

  ---Yes. _______.

  A. My name’s Tom Smith     B. I’m Tom Smith

  C. This is Tom Smith         D. Tom Smith’s me

8. ---What are Johnson’s family like?

  ---____________.

  A. His family is just like mine   B. They all like sports and games

  C. Oh, it’s really a big one      D. They are all warm-hearted and helpful

9. ---Do you mind if I open the door?

  ---_______.

  A. No, of course not     B. Yes, please

  C. Yes, you can         D. No, you can’t open it

10.---Help yourself to some fruit.

  ---__________

  A. Thank you.          B. Yes, I like it very much.

  C. OK. It’s nothing serious. D. Really?

二. 交际英语

1. ---__________________ ??

---Hold on, please.

A. Are you Bruce, please

B. Who are you

C. Are you at home, Bruce

D. May I speak to Bruce, please?

2. ---Could you tell me how to get to Peterson Building, please??

---________________.

A. Don’t ask me

B. Sure. You can take the No.3 bus

C. You’re welcome

D. Thank you all the same?

3. ---Oh, what a nice picture! You draw very well.?

---________________.

A. Yes, it’s very bad

B. Yours is good

C. Of course not

D. Thank you?

4. ---What’s wrong with you??

---_________________.

A. I’ve got a headache

B. She’ll take some medicine

C. I’ve got a new bike

D. I’m a doctor?

5. ---Happy New Year!?

---________________.

A. You are happy

B. The same to you

C. Happy birthday

D. Yes, I’m happy, too?

6. ---What’s the weather like??

---_______________.?

A. I like the weather

B. It’s sunny

C. I don’t like the weather

D. It’s rain

7. ---________________??

---It’s Saturday.

A. What’s the date

B. What time is it

C. What day is it today

D. How much is it?

8. ---Would you like to come to my house for supper??

---__________________.

A. I’d love to. But I’m afraid I can’t

B. Yes, I can’t

C. No, I would

D. Yes, I wouldn’t

9. ---What can I do for you, madam??

---__________________.

A. I can help myself?

B. No, I don’t need?

C. Yes, please help me?

D. I’d like to buy a pair of shoes of my daughter?

10. ---I’ve passed the exam.?

---__________________.

A. Congratulations!

B. Bad luck!

C. Thank you for telling me.

D. It’s nothing.

三. 补全对话

John: Hello, Jim. May I come in?

Jim: Oh, hello, John. Yes, come in, please.

John: You don’t look well. What’s the matter?

Jim: __1__

John: Oh dear! Why don’t you go to bed for a rest?

Jim: __2__

John: shall I call him and tell him you’re ill?

Jim: __3__

John: OK. I’ll do that. I’m going to the shops now. Can I get you some medicice?

Jim: __4__

John: Yes, of course. Is there anything else I can do?

Jim: __5__

John: see you later then. Take care!

A. Oh, yes, please. His number is in the phone book.

B. No, I’ll be all right. Thanks for your help.

C. My head hurts and I feel really hot.

D. Could you buy me a bottle of aspirin,please?

E. It doesn’t hurt very much.

F. I can’t. I will play ping-pong with our teacher this afternoon.

G. Do you think it’s a good idea?

【练习答案】

一. 1.A 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.A

二.1.D 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.A

三. 1.C 2.F 3.A 4.D 5.B

---

作者: 网站工作室    时间: 2010-3-30 09:29
十一、听力理解及其解题方法

【考点扫描】

听力理解题的要求主要是：

1、能听懂基本上没有生词，贴近学生生活的语言材料；

2、能听懂并正确的辨别所听到的句子；

3、能听懂声音材料中涉及到的主要信息或重要细节；

4、能听懂对话或短文中谈论的要点、中心意思，并根据题目要求做出合理的判   

断，如：推理出对话发生的时间、地点、对话人物关系和身份等。

【名师解难】

一. 训练方法

可能很多同学认为面对听力，总有一种无从下手的感觉。其实尽管中考的听力很难靠猜题和压题来复习，但是中考中的听力测试部分不是随意设计的，它遵循《英语课程标准》的规定和要求，因此同学们只要注意方法，多听多练，就会发现听力部分并没有想象中的那么难。那么我们如何利用好这一年的时间，争取在听力水平上有所提高呢？
1. 首先要充分利用好英语老师在课堂上的语言。一般的英语老师在英语课堂上

都是尽可能的利用英语来组织教学，无论老师说多说少，同学们都可以把这当成练习听力的好机会。在听得不大明白的情况下，要仔细听上下文，从老师前后的语言中来猜测、判断语意，或是根据老师的手势、眼神、动作等来分析，千万不要因为听不大懂而放弃。如果能利用好老师的课堂上的语言，对你的听力会有不少的帮助。

2. 在平时的学习和生活中，充分利用国内或国外的优秀的英语广播和电视节目等，选择比较适合自己水平的节目，看比较简单的英语原声电影，等等。现在有很多电视频道和广播都有针对中学生开辟的栏目，同学们不妨每天定期收看，并作好听力记录，把能够听懂的东西记录下来，也可以把不明白的句子或单词记录下来（尽可能地记录），等节目结束后去揣摩或问老师。坚持下来，就会在无形中既提高了听的能力，还能有助于增长词汇量和知识，是帮助学习者打下牢固听力基础的较好方法，并建立语言沟通能力的自信心的有效途。

3. 在泛听的基础上，必须安排一定的时间进行专项、综合和强化性听力训练。选择难易适度的材料，先易后难，先慢后快地进行。

二. 解题技巧

1. 先看题后听音：在做听力题时，一定要做到听前先把听力试卷全部看一遍，尤其是听对话和听短文这两种类型，以大概掌握主题内容，缩小听力范围；

2. 把握全文：听第一遍时，不要急于做答，应仔细把全文听完，尽可能弄明白文章的大意；

3. 边听边记：听的过程中，可以适当地做一些记录，如：时间、地点、数字、人物、天气等等，同时把可能正确的答案做上记号。

4. 抓关键词：无论谈话的主题是什麽，总会涉及到这类主题的专门用语。抓住这个关键词，谈话地点，人物关系就好确定了。

5. 不因前误后：有时一个词或一个句子没有听懂，不必着急。将没听清楚的词或句子放过去，不要影响了下一道题。

【中考范例】

陕西省的听力的题目分为三个部分，下面我们按照题目地类型分别加以说明：

1. 听句子，选答语

这类题目要求考生在听完一个句子的录音后，从书面的三个备选项中，找出所听到的句子的答语。这类题型在考察中一般属于较易题，考察的重点为大纲中日常交际用语表中所列项目。请看2004年陕西省听力部分第1题：

1. A. I think so.         B. Thanks a lot.      C. I hope so.

录音材料：

1. Wish you good luck in this exam!

在解答本题前，同学们通过快速浏览书面选择项，通过特定情景用语的分析，就可将问题的内容基本推测出来。对方向你表示良好地祝愿，你的回答当然是表示感谢。答案为B。

II. 听对话，选答案

这类题目让考生听一组对话，在听完对话后，接着由第三者根据对话的内容提出问题，要求考生在领会谈话要旨的基础上，从书面三个备选项中挑选能回答所听到问句的正确答案、或是让考生辨别说话人的职业或者两人之间的关系以及推断谈话发生的场合或地点等。请看2004年陕西省听力部分第6题：

6. A. Weather.        B. Business.       C. Season.

录音材料：

6. W: I am going to London on business. Can you tell me if it rains a lot there?

M: Yes, it often rains there.?

Question: What are they talking about??

    该题中的女士问的是下雨的事，男士回答的也是下雨的事。他们谈论的话题当然是天气。答案为A。

III. 听短文，选答案

听短文要注意听大意，要善于捕捉整体信息，切莫一个词一个词地听，也不要听一句就翻译一句，更不必因一个词或一个短语没听懂就停步不前，一定要带着短文后的要求和指令去听。听的短文通常是结构紧凑的故事，选用大多是围绕who , when , where , what , how 或why所设的问题。因此，在听的时候应紧紧围绕选项内容作些速记，记下关键词语，理清线索，抓好前后联系，最后才准确做出答案。请看2004年陕西省听力部分第16-20题：
16. Where did Jack work?

A. On a farm.  B. In an office.  C. In a factory.

17. How often did he get his money?

A. Every month. B. Every week. C. Every half month.

18. What happened this month?

A. Jack got more money.

B. Jack got less money.

C. Jack got enough money.

19. From this passage we know that ________.

A. the manager believe Jack

B. Jack wasn’t an honest (诚实的) man

C. Jack was an honest man

20. Could Jack go on working in this factory?

A. The story didn’t tell us.

B. Yes, he could.

C. No, he couldn’t.

录音材料：

Jack worked in a factory, and at the end of last month he got his money in a paper bag. He opened the bag and found it was wrong. He got fifty more dollars. He put the money carefully in his pocket and said nothing to others. A month later, he got his money again. He found it was wrong again this time. There was not enough money in his paper bag.  Then he went to see the manager.?

“That’s right,” said the manager after Jack told his story. “I made a mistake last month. For one mistake, I can close my eyes. But for two, I can’t. Thank you, Jack. I’ve known you already. I have to choose another man instead of you.  I think you should know what do to in the future.”

本题在听短文，选择正确答案的题型中属于较容易题。同学们在听本题前，通过快速浏览试题所给的5个问题及选项，根据所提供的信息，可以推测出短文所涉及的内容是Jack的工作问题。5个问题分别涉及到Jack在那里工作，多长时间拿一次工资，工资出现了多少的问题，Jack诚实不诚实，从而决定了他是否能留下来继续工作。带着这些问题开始听录音。第一遍听音时只听不记，把注意力集中在有关问题的内容上，把握全文大意。第二遍听音时边听边看边记，重点把短文中有关内容与相关的题目对上号，分析判断后就能很快选出正确的答案，即：1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C。

【满分演练】

                       （1）
                    听对话，选答案

1. A. It’s Friday..        B. It’s April 23rd?    C. It’s fine today.

2. A. Yes, I’d love to.     B. No, I don’t.        C. I enjoy reading books.

3. A. Sure.             B. Certainly not.      C. Thanks.?

4. A. Me too.           B. You’re welcome.    C.. Thank you.

5. A. Yes, I will.         B. Yes, please.?      C. Thank you. It’s lovely.

6. A. That’s a good idea.  B. I’ll take your advice.  C. It’s hard to say.

7. A. No, you can’t.      B. Sure, I’d love to     C. Yes, I want.

8. A. Me too.           B. Thank you.         C. That’s all right.?

9. A. From 8:00 to 11:00  B. Five hours.         C. At 8:00.?

10. A. No, she hasn’t.     B. Yes, he hasn’t.       C. Yes, never.?

听力材料：

1. What’s the date today?

2. Do you enjoy listening to music or reading books?

3. Can I ask for leave tomorrow afternoon?

4. You speak English very fluently.

5. Shall I get a taxi for you?

6. Let’s go to the concert, shall we??

7. Would you like to have a game with us?

8. I’m so happy that you could be here at Christmas time.

9. Could you tell me what time the plane leaves??

10. She has never been abroad, has she?





                         （2）

听对话，选答案

1. A. Go to the cinema. B. Watch TV.?  C. Go to a concert.?

2. A. In a classroom   B. In a hospital.  C. In a clothes shop.

3. A. To Beijing.      B. To Tianjin.    C. To Beijing and Tianjin.?

4. A. Dumplings.     B. Bread and milk.C. Bread only.

5. A. 7:45           B. 8:15.?       C. 7:30.

6. A. He was ill in bed all day.?B. He had toothache yesterday.?

C. He was hurt in a traffic accident.?

7. A. By bus.           B. By car.            C. By taxi.?

8. A. Eight.            B. Nine.              C. Five.?

9. A. Your sister.        B. The man’s sister.     C. Alice’s sister.?

10. A. Emily is not in.    B. The man has got a wrong number.

C. She knows Emily very well.?



听力材料：

1. M: What do you want to do tonight, Jenny?

W: I want to go to the cinema. What about you, Jim?

  M: Just watch TV at home.

Q: What is Jim going to do tonight?

2. M: This shirt is too expensive. Do you have a cheaper one?

W: How about this one? It’s only five dollars.

M: But I don’t like the colour.

Q: Where are the two speakers?

3. M: I want to take a business trip tomorrow.

W: How long will you be away, Dad?

M: Five or six days.

W: And where are you going?

M: To Beijing first, and then to Tianjin.

Q: Where’s the girl’s father going?

4. M: What do you usually eat for breakfast?

  W: I used to eat dumplings, but now I’m used to eating bread and milk.

Q: What does the lady now eat for breakfast?

5. M: It’s a quarter to eight. Let’s hurry.

W: Well, your watch is 15 minutes fast. My watch is only half past seven.

Q: What time is it by the girl’s watch?

6. M: Why didn’t Peter come to school yesterday, do you know, Alice?

W: It is said he got the flu and stayed in bed all day.

Q: What was the matter with Peter yesterday?

7. M: Excuse me, where is the nearest hospital?

W: It’s far from here. You can catch the No. 8 bus. But there is no bus now. You’d better take a taxi.

Question: How will the man go there?

8. M: Did you speak at the meeting?

W: Yes, I was the third one. Then five other people spoke after me.

Question: How many people made their speeches??

9. M: What’s your sister’s name, Alice?

W: Her name is Betty.

Question: Who is Betty??

10.M: May I speak to Emily?

W: Emily? Oh, no. There is nobody named Emily here.

Question: What does the woman mean??



                       （3）

听短文，选答案

I
1. What did the man have to do in the morning?
  A. He fed the chickens.
  B. He cleaned the bath-room.
  C. He carried water for the family.
2. Why did the man go to school on foot?
  A. No bus ran in the direction.
  B. The school was near.
  C. His family was poor.
3. What did the man do every Sunday?
  A. He was taken to church three times.
  B. He stayed at home all day.
  C. He played in the street.
4. What can we learn from what the speaker said?
  A. He is a retired teacher of history.
  B. He thinks children were happier in the past.
  C. He lives on a farm far away from cities.

听力材料：

Now, you want to know about life in the past, right? I can tell you. When I was a boy, things were different. I had to get up at six every morning. That was not very bad in summer, but in winter it was cold. And we didn't have any hot water in the house. We had to wash in cold water. We didn't have a bath-room. My dad had some chickens. I had to feed them every morning and then I had to walk to school with my little sister. It was two miles to school and two miles back in the evening. And we had to go to bed at seven o'clock every night. We couldn't watch TV because there wasn't any. On Sundays we had to go to church three times-morning, afternoon and evening. And we couldn't play outside on Sundays. But it wasn't too bad. We had some good times. We could go out and our parents didn't have to worry about us. There weren't so many cars on the roads then, so the streets were safe to play in. And there were not many robbers and thieves in those days. We had to work hard and we weren't able to buy all those things in the shops today. Life was hard, but it was simple and people were happier.

                        II

1. A. Three.            B. Four.            C. Five.?

2. A. Because of the food. B. Because of their homework.

C. Because of watching TV too long.?

3. A. Surf the Internet.   B. Paint pictures.     C. Play games.?

4. A. Boring.           B. Colourful.        C. Amazing.?

5. A. Watching TV less.  B. Watching TV more. C. Stopping watching TV

听力材料：

Are you a TV lover? Can you think of your life without TV?

Many people think if you turn off your TV, your life will be colourful. They also suggest children should watch less TV. TV can give children big problems. First, it’s bad for your studies, you spend too long on TV, you can’t do well in school. Second, it’s bad for your health, because you watch too long on TV, you can’t do well in school. Second, it’s bad for your health, because you watch too much TV, you’re getting overweight. Your eyesight is getting worse. Third, it’s bad for your family life. While your families are watching TV, they don’t talk too much. Also it has too much fighting. Some children always follow the fighting in real life.

If you turn off your TV for a week, maybe you can find something fun to do. Maybe you can read books, learn to swim or paint pictures. What do you think? Would you want to have a try?

Questions: 16. How many TV problems are there in the passage?

17. Why are more children getting fatter?

18. What other things can we do according to the passage?

19. What will our lives be like without TV?

20. How can you make your life more interesting??



【练习答案】

(1)1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.A

(2)1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.B

(3)I. 1. A 2.C 3.A 4.B

  II. 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A

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