八年级下册英语现在完成时讲解与练习题

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八年级下册英语现在完成时讲解与练习题
现在完成时练习

1.构成
   现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。
2.用法
       （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如：
        -Have you had lunch yet?     -Yes,I have. I've just had it.
         你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）
       （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。   \
  如：He has taught here since 1981
                   他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）
                    I have't seen her for four years.
                    我有四年没见到她了。
3．结构
1）．  陈述句结构：主语＋have( has)（not）+过去分词＋其它。　
have not=haven’t   has not=hasn’t.
2）．  一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )＋主语＋过去分词＋其它？
3）．  特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋have(has) +主语+ 过去分词＋其它？
eg. He has already finished his homework.
   He hasn’t finished his homework yet.
   Has he finished his homework yet?
   --Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t./ No, not yet.

        （3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。
        如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。
4.现在完成时的时间状语
       （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
        a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
                           They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
          b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。  如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？
                 -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
            c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.
                                 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
                                He has been there three times the last few days.
                                 近几年他去过那里三次了。
             d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month ,year, term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't.
                                    今天你见过他吗？我 没有。

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How many times have you been there this year?
                                    今年你去过那里多少次？
       （2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years.  但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：
        arrive→be here                    begin(start)→be on
        die    →be dead                    come back→be back
        leave →be away                    fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)
        get up→be up                       go out     →be out
        finish →be over                     put on    →wear 或be on
        open  →be open                    join       →be in或 be a member of…
        close  →be closed                  go to school→be a student
        borrow  →keep                      buy    →have            
        catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)   get to know →know
        begin to study→study             come to work→work等
如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
        His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。
        The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。
        We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。
5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
        现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：
       I have lost my new book.  我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）
       I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）
6.几点注意事项
       （1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。
                                      He has gone to Beijing .  他去北京了。
        （2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two                        years.他父亲去世已有三年了。
        （3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
     如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。

现在完成时练习
[Exercises7]A） 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?
B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?
B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know?
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?
B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?
B: He _____________ there only once.

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B） 用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式填空。
Where is Jack? He __________ his country.
John _______ England since he came back.
How long _____ have _____ this village?
The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.
_____ you ever ____ America?      -- Yes, I _____ there many times.
I _____ this school since three years ago.

[Exercises10]A）按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词
①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.
→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there
He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.                           
I moved to the USA last year.
I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
I went home yesterday.
I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
They came here last week.
They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
②come/go back, return → be back             come/go out → be out
He came out two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
③become → be
I became a teacher in 2000.
I ________  __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
The river became dirty last year.
The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④close → be closed  open → be open
The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
The door opened at six in the morning.
The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤get up → be up  die → be dead
       leave sw. → be away from sw.
       fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep
       finish/end → be over  marry → be married
I got up two hours ago.
I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
The meeting finished at six.
The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
I got to sleep two hours ago.
I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.
They married in 1990.
They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth.        begin → be on
I began to teach at this school in 1995.
I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.

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⑦borrow → keep               lose → not have            buy → have                put on → wear       catch/get a cold → have a cold              get to know → know
They borrowed it last week.
They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
I got to know him last year.
I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.
I put on my glasses three years ago.
I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.
⑧have/has gone to → have been in
He has gone to Beijing.
He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.
⑨join the league/the Party/the army
       → be a league/a Party member/a soldier
→ be a member of the league/the Party
→ be in the league/the Party/the army
He joined the league in 2002.
He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.
He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.
He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.
My brother joined the army two years ago.
My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________.
My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.
C）选择填空
(    )2.Herfather ______in1990 and her husband ______for more than five years
(A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead(C)died ,has been dead (D)has died, has died
(     )3.I have _____this nice watch for two years
(A)had      (B)bought     (C)borrowed         (D)lend
(     )4.He _____his home for ten years
(A)has  left   (B)left  from       (C)has  been  away  from     (D)was  away  from
(    )5.He _____a league member for three years
(A)is    (B)has  been      (C)has  become       (D)have  become
(    )6.Lihua's brother has _______for two years
(A)joined the army           (B)been an  army   
(C)become a soldier          (D)been in the army
(     )7.He  hasn't _____Quanzhou ever since he left school
(A)left    (B)been  away    (C)been      (D)away
                             
[Exercises 11] 选择填空
(      )1. ——Have you finished your homework
——Yes, I _______it last night
(A)finish     (B)finished     (C)have  finished      (D)will  finish
(      )2.—— ________you ever _______to Nanjing
——Yes, I ______there last year.
(A)Have…gone, have gone          (B)Have…been ,  went
(C)Did…go,  went                  (D)Did…go, has , been
(      )3.——When _______you ________Lucy in New York?

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——I _________here for two years
(A)did…meet, haven't  seen           (B)did…meet, haven't seen
(C)did…meet, don't  see             (D)would…meet, hadn't seen
(      )4.when_        you        to  Beijing?
(       )3.He ______finished his homework. yet
(A)doesn’t      (B)haven’t        (C)   hasn’t      (D) doesn’t have
(       )1.——Have you ________traveled on the train.
          ——Yes,  I have.
(A)never  (B)ever   (C)just      (D)yet
(      )2.——Have you finished  your  homework
    ——Not__________                 .
(A)ever     (B)already       (C)yet        (D)just
(       )3. We  haven't finished our homework           .
(A)already      (B)ever       (C)yet     (D)never
(        )4.——Have you__________ learned English?
——Yes, I've ________learned a lot.
(A)never, ever       (B)ever, never       (C)ever, already     (D)already. ever
(      )5.——Have you finished your homework  ________?
——Yes, I've _____done that           
(A)yet, already     (B)already,  yet  (C)ever, never      (D)still, just
(      )6.John's father _______borrowed some pictures
(A)have  already         (B)has  just       (C)have  ever          (D)has  yet
[Exercises4] A）用since和for填空
1) ______ two years        2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month
4) ______ 1999                  5) _______ yesterday           6) _______ 4 o’clock
7) ______ 4 hours         8) _______ an hour ago        9) _______ we were children
10) _____ lunch time     11) ______ she left here

                         4
B）用since和for填空
1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
(        )1.I've been like this ever since _________         
(A)last week    (B) for a week    (C)  a week before    (D)the last week
(        )2.My mother has worked in this factory _____2 years.
(A)about      (B)for      (C)in      (D)since
(       )3. I haven't heard from him ______last week.
(A)since    (B) for        (C)ago   (D)before
(       )4.His father joined the party_________
(A)for three years           (B)since three years  ago
(C)three years ago           (D)in two years' time

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5
1. – Where is Mr. Liu?  -----  He _______the library.
     A. has been to    B. has gone to    C. has been in
2. The students have cleaned the classroom , ________?
     A. so they      B. don’t they   C. have they     D. haven’t they
3. I like Hainan. I ________there three times.
     A. went  B. go C. have been  D. have gone
4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we ________ here for three years.
    A. have been to    B. have been in   C. have been    D. have gone
5.- How long ______you_______ your dictionary?  - About two months.
    A. did; buy  B. have; get     C. have; had     D. have; bought
6. He tells me he________ China for over five years.
     A. has been      B. has been in   C. has been to   D. has gone to  
7.________has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _______ to
            China?
A. How soon ,  comes    B. How often, got  
C. How long ,  came      D. How far, arrived
8. His uncle________ for more than 9 years.
  A. has come here   B. has started to work
C. has lived there  D. has left the university

9. He has never surfed, __________(改成反意疑问句）?  
10. They have been here since  2000 .  (对划线部分提问)
      __________ have they been here?
11. The old man _________last year. He________ for a year.(die)
12. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改写句子，句意不变)
        This factory _________ for twenty years.
13. Miss Gao left an hour ago.  （同上）
Miss Gao___________ an __________hour ago.
14.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同上）
  _________ two years________ the Green family moved to France.
15. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （同上）

qinyx

很好