by 还可以表示:“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期间”、“用、”
“经过”、“乘车”等
如:I live by the river.
I have to go back by ten o’clock.
The thief entered the room by the window.
The student went to park by bus.
2. talk about 谈论,议论,讨论 如:The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。
talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话
3. 提建议的句子:
①What/ how about +doing sth.?
如:What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如:Why don’t you go shopping?
③Why not + do sth. ?
如:Why not go shopping?
④Let’s + do sth.
如: Let’s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.?
如:Shall we/ I go shopping?
4. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如:I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。
5. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth.
如:I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了,什么都不想说。
6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法
三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。
①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,
常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级
形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.
他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。
②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk,
laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:
She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。
③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往
含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如:
He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。
7. not …at all 一点也不 根本不 如:
I like milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。
not经常可以和助动词结合在一起,at all 则放在句尾
8.
be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth.
=== be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋 如:
I am / get excited about going to Beijing.===
I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。
9. ① end up doing sth
终止做某事,结束做某事 如:
The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。
② end up with sth.
以…结束 如:
The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
10.
first of all 首先
.
to begin with 一开始
later on 后来、随
11.
also 也、而且(用于肯定句)常在句子的中间
either 也(用于否定句)常在句末
too
也 (用于肯定句)
常在句末
12. make mistakes 犯错 如:I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。
make a mistake 犯一个错误 如: I have made a mistake.
我已经犯了一个错误。
13. laugh at sb. 笑话;取笑(某人) 如:Don’t laugh at me!
不要取笑我!
14. take notes 做笔记,做记录
15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如:
She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。
enjoy oneself
过得愉快 如:He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。
16. native speaker 说本族语的人
17. make up 组成、构成
18. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式
…其中之一
如: She is one of the most popular teachers.
她是最受欢迎的教师之一。
19. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事…
如:It’s difficult (for me ) to study English.
对于我来说学习英语太难了。
句中的it 是形式主语,真正的主语是to study English
20. practice doing 练习做某事 如:
She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。
21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如:
LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。
22. unless 假如不,除非 引导条件状语从句
如:You will fail unless you work hard..假如你不努力你会失败。
I won’t write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写
23. deal with 处理 如:I dealt with a lot of problem.
24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事
如:Mother worried about his son just now.
妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。
25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如:
I was angry with her. 我对她生气。
26. perhaps === maybe 也许
27. go by (时间) 过去 如: Two years went by. 两年过去了。
28.
see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生
see sb. / sth. do
看见某人在做某事 如:
如: She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.
她看见他正在教室里画画。
29. each other 彼此
30. regard… as … 把…看作为….
如:
The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
31.
too many 许多 修饰可数名词 如:too many girls
too much 许多 修饰不可数名词 如:too much milk
much too 太 修饰形容词 如:much too beautiful
32. change… into… 将…变为…
如:The magician changed the pen into a book.
这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。
33. with the help of sb. == with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
如:with the help of LiLei == with LiLei’s help
在李雷的帮助下
34. compare … to … 把…与…相比
如:Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.
你和安娜相比,你是幸运的。
35.
instead 代替 用在句末,副词(字面上常不译出来)
instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替,而不是 用在句中,动词
如:Last summer I went to Beijing. This year I’m going to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。
I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。
He stayed at home instead of going swimming.
他呆在家里而不是去游泳。作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:27
Unit2
1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
否定形式: didn’t use to do sth. / used not to do sth.
如:He used to play football after school. 放学后他过去常常踢足球。
Did he use to play football? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
He didn’t use to smoke. 他过去不吸烟。
2. 反意疑问句
①肯定陈述句+否定提问 如:Lily is a student, isn’t she?
Lily will go to China, won’t she?
②否定陈述句+肯定提问 如:
She doesn’t come from China, does she?
You haven’t finished homework, have you?
③提问部分用代词而不用名词 Lily is a student, isn’t she?
④陈述句中含有否定意义的词,如:little, few, never, nothing, hardly等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。 如:
He knows little English, does he? 他一点也不懂英语,不是吗?
They hardly understood it, did they?他们几乎不明白,不是吗?
3. play the piano 弹钢琴
4.
①be interested in sth. 对…感兴趣
②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣
如:He is interested in math, but he isn’t interested in speaking
English. 他对数学感兴趣,但是他对说英语不感兴趣。
5. interested adj. 感兴趣的,指人对某事物感兴趣,往往主语是人
interesting adj.有趣的,指某事物/某人具有趣味,主语往往是物
6. still 仍然,还
用在be 动词的后面 如:I’m still a student.
用在行为动词的前面 如:I still love him.
7. the dark 天黑,晚上,黑暗
8. 害怕…
be terrified of sth.
如:I am terrified of the dog.
be terrified of doing sth. 如:I am terrified of speaking.
9. on 副词,表示(电灯、电视、机械等)在运转中/打开,
其反义词off. with the light on 灯开着
10. walk to somewhere 步行到某处
walk to school 步行到学校
11. spend 动词,表示“花费金钱、时间”
①spend…on sth. 在某事上花费(金钱、时间)
②spend…doing sth. 花费(金钱、时间)去做某事 如:
He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着
He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。
Pay for 花费
如:I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元买这本书。
12. take
动词 有“花费”的意思 常用的结构有:
take sb.
… to do sth. 如:It takes me a day to read the book.
take … to do sth.
13. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊 如:I like to chat with him.
我喜欢和他聊天。
14. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事 worry 是动词
be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事 worried 是形容词
如:Don’t worry about him. 不用担心他。
Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。
15. all the time 一直、始终
16. take sb. to + 地方 送/带某人去某个地方 如:
A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。
Lui took me home. 刘把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to)
17.
hardly
adv. 几乎不、没有
hardly + 实义动词 如:
I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。
I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。
18. miss
v.
思念、想念、 错过
19. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内 常与完成时连用 如:
I have lived in China in the last few years.
在过去的几年内我在中国住。
20. be different from 与…不同
21. how to swim 怎样游泳
不定式与疑问词连用:动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用,构成不定工短语。如:
The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。
I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。
22.
make sb./ sth. + 形容词 make you happy
make sb./ sth. + 动词原形
make him laugh
23. move to +地方 搬到某地 如:I moved to Beijing last year.
24. it seems that +从句 看起来好像…… 如:
It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。
25.
help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事
help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事
She helped me with English. 她帮助我学英语。
She helped me (to) study English。 她帮助我学习英语。
26. fifteen-year-old 作形容词 15岁的
fifteen-year-olds 作名词指15岁的人
fifteen years old 指年龄 15岁 如:
a fifteen-year-old boy 一个15岁的男孩
Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。
I am fifteen years old . 我是15岁。
27.支付不起… can’t /couldn’t afford to do sth.
can’t / couldn’t afford sth.
如:I can’t/couldn’t afford to buy the car.
I can’t/couldn’t afford the car.
我买不起这个辆小车。
28. as + 形容词./副词+as sb. could/can 尽某人的…能力 如:
Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。
29. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦
30. in the end 最后
31. make a decision 下决定 下决心
32. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶 如:
to their surprise 令他们惊讶 to LiLei’s surprise令李雷惊讶
33. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪 如:
His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪
34. pay attention to sth. 对…注意,留心 如:
You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。
35. be able to do sth. 能做某事 如:
She is able to do it. 她能够做到。
36. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 如:
My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。
37.不再
①no more == no longer 如:
I play tennis no more/ longer.我不再打网球。
②not …any more == not …any longer 如:
I don’t play tennis any more/longer. 我不再打网球。
38. go to sleep 入睡作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:27
一般现在 时
am
are +过去分词
is
English is spoken in many countries.
一般过去 时
was +过去分词
were + 过去分词
This bridge was built in 1989.
情 态
动 词
can/should
may
+be+过去分词
must/……
The work must be done right now.
③被动语态的用法
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者,或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事(主动语态)如:
Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。
be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事(被动语态)如:
LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。
3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞
让/使(别人)做某事 get sth. done(过去分词)
have sth. done
如:
I get my car made. == I have my car made. 我让别人修好我的车
4. enough 足够
形容词+enough
如:beautiful enough 足够漂亮
enough+名词 如:enough food 足够食物
enough
to 足够…去做… 如:
I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。
She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。
5.
stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止说话。
stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事 Please stop to speak.
请停下来说话。
6. 看起来好像…sb. seem to do sth.
= it seems that +从句
He seems to feel very sad.
It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。
7. 系动词不能独立作谓语,要和表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有:look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), kept等。连系动词除be 和become 等少数词可接名词作表语外,一般都是接形容词。 如:
They are very happy.
He became a doctor two years ago. She felt very tired.
8. 倒装句:
由so+助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词+主语 意为:…也是一样
She is a student. So am I. 她是一个学生,我也是。
She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了,我也是
She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。
She will go to school. So will he. 她将去学校,他也是。
9. yet 仍然,还 常用在否定句或疑问句当中
10. stay up 熬夜如:I often stay up until 12:00pm.我经常熬夜到12点。
11. clean up 打扫 整理 如:
I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已经打扫完了卧室。
12. 程度副词:
always总是 usually经常 sometimes有时 never从不
如:I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school.
我总是/经常/有时/从不上学迟到。
13. 曾经做某事:
Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
14. go shopping(去购物), go fishing(去钓鱼), go swimming(去游泳), go boating(去划船), go hiking(去登山), go trekking(去徒步)
15. be strict with sb. 对某人严厉 如:
Mother is strict with her son. 妈妈对她的儿子很严厉。
16.
take the test 参加考试
pass the test 通过考试
fail a test
考试失败
17. the other day 前几天
18. agree 同意 反义词 disagree不同意 动词
agreement 同意 反义词 disagreement 不同意 名词
18. keep sb/ sth. +形容词 使某人/某物保持…. 如:
We should keep our city clean.我们应该保持我们的城市干净。
19. both…and… +动词复数形式
如: Both Jim and Li Ming play
bastketball.
20. learn (sth.) from sb.
向谁学习(什么) 如:
Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语
21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事
have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事
如:I have an opportunity to go to Beijing.
I have a chance of going to Beijing.
22. at present 目前
23. at least 最少
at most 最多
24. 花费 take ,cost, spend , pay
sth. take (sb.) time to do sth.
It took (me) 10days to read the book.
sth. cost (sb.) ……
The book cost (me) 100yuan.
sb. spend … on sth.
She spent 10days on this book.
sb. spend …doing sth.
She spent 10days reading this book.
sb. pay … for sth.
She paid 10yuan for this book.
25. have +时间段+off
放假,休息 如:have 2 days off
26. reply to 答复某人 如:She replayed to MrGreen.
27. agree with sth. 同意某事 如:I agree with that idea.
agree to sb.
同意某人的意见 如:I agree to LiLei.
28. get in the way of 碍事,妨碍 如:
Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。
29. success
n.
succeed
v.
successful
adj.
successfully
adv.
30. think about 与think of 的区别
①当两者译为: 认为、想起、记着时,两者可互用
I often think about/ of that day. 我经常想起那天。
②think about 还有“考虑”之意 ,think of
想到、想出时两者不能互用
At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好主意。
We are thinking about going Qinzhou. 我们正在考虑去钦州。
31. 对… 热衷, 对…兴趣
be serious about doing 如:She is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。
be serious about sth. 如:She is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。
32. practice doing 练习做某事
She often practice speaking English.
33. care about sb. 关心某人 如:Mother often care about her son.
34. also
也 用于句中
either也 用于否定句且用于句末
too
也 用于肯定句且用于句末
I am also a student. 我也是一个学生
I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。
I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:28
Unit4
1. if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句 即 虚拟语气
通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态
所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气,虚拟语气表示说话人所说的
话不是事实,而是一种祝愿,建议或是与事实相反的假设等。
If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句,非真实条件
句应用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时,其虚拟语气结构为:
句 型
条件从句
主 句
谓语动词形式
动词过去式(be动词用were)
would+动词原形
即:(从句)if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用were),
一般过去时
(主句) 主语+would+动词原形 过去将来时
如:If I had time, I would go for a walk.
如果我有时间,我就会去散步。(事实上我现在没有时间)
If I were you, I would take an umbrella.
假如我是你的话,我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是你)
I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie. 假如有人请我当电影演员,我会表示拒绝。(事实上瑞没有人请我当电影演员)
2. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
I pretended to sleep just now.
pretend +从句 假装…
I pretended that I fell asleep.
3. be late for
迟到 如:
I am late for work/ school/ class/ party.
4. a few 与 a little 的区别,few 与 little 的区别
⑴ a few 一些 修饰可数名词
a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者表肯定意义
如:He has a few friends.
他有一些朋友。
There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。
⑵ few
少数的 修饰可数名词
little 少数的 修饰不可数名词 但两者表否定意义
如:He has few friends.
他没有几个朋友。
There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。
5. still 仍然,还 用在be动词之后,行为动词之前 如:
I am still a student.我仍然是个学生
I still love him.我仍然爱他。
6. hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)词前面有数词或several
一词时要不能加s ,反之,则要加s 并与of 连用, 表示数量很
多 如:several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people
几百/千/百万/十亿人
hundreds of trees
上百棵树
7. what if + 从句 如果…怎么办 , 要是… 又怎么样 如:
What if she doesn’t come? 要是她不来怎么办?
What if LiLei knows?
如果李雷知道了怎么办?
8. add sth. to sth. 添加…到…
如:
I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。
9. 系动词与形容词连用
get nervous 变得紧张
feel shy
觉得害羞
look friendly 看起来友好
10. too +形/副+to do sth. 太…而不能 如:
I’m too tired to stand. 我太累了而不能站。
11. help with sth. 如:They help with this problem.
help sb. do.
如:They help you relax. 他们帮助你放松
12. in public 在公共场所 如:
Don’t smoke in public. 请不要在公共场所吸烟。
13. energetic adj. 活力的 如:She is a energetic girl. 她是一个活力的女孩。
energy n. 活力 如:She has lots of energies. 她有活力。
14.
ask sb. to do 叫…做某事
ask sb. not to do sth.叫…不要做某事
tell sb. to do 告诉…做某事
tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉…不要做某事
如:Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.
Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.
15. start doing == start to do. 开始做某事 如:
He started speaking/ to speak. 他开始说话。
16. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物 如:
I borrowed a book from Lily. 我从莉莉那里借来一本书。
17.wait for sb.等某人 如:I am wait for him. 我正在等他。
18. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人 如:
I introduced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜。
19. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事 如:
Lily invited me to go to her home for supper. 莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。
20. have dinner/ supper
吃晚饭
have lunch/ breakfast
吃午餐、吃早餐
21. plenty of 修饰不可数名词,也可以修饰可数名词 许多 如:
They have plenty of food/ apples. 他们有许多的食物/苹果。
22. 给某人某物
give sth. to sb. 如: give an apple to me
give sb. sth.
give me an apple 给我一个苹果
23. get along with sb. 与…相处 如:
Do you get along well with your friends? 你和你的朋友相处得好吗?
24. would rather do sth. than do sth. 表示愿做某事而不愿做某事 如:
I would rather walk than run.
25. whole 整个
26. in fact 事实上
27. let sb. down 让某人失望 如:
Don’t let your mother down. 不要让你的妈妈失望。
28. come up with sth. 提出 想出 如:He came up with a good idea. 他提出了一个好主意。
catch up with sb.
追上 赶上 如:
Lily caught up with Anna. 莉莉赶上了安娜。
29. have experience doing 在做某事有经验 如:
I have experience teaching Chinese. 我在教英语方面有经验。
30. come out 出版,出来 如:The magazine comes out once a week. 这种杂志每周出一次。
31. by accident 偶然地,无意之中 如:
Last week I cut my finger by accident. 上个星期我不小心割到自己的手指。
32. hurry to do 匆忙…
I hurry to call the police.
33. more than 超过
34. offer sb. sth. 给某人提供某物
宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。
由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语 构成
常由下面的一些词引导:
㈠由that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略
He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
㈡由if , whether 引导 表示 一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)
I don’t know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish.
我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。
㈢由 连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义
Do you know what he wants to buy?
你知道他想要买什么吗?
㈣从句时态要与主句一致
当主句是一般现在时,从句根据情况使用任何时态
He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
I don’t know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
She wants to know if I have finished my homework.
她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来?
当主句是一般过去时,从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,
过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)
He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。
I didn’t know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
She wanted to know if I had finished m homework.
她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来?作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:28
Unit5
现在完成时态
⑴由have/ has + 过去分词
⑵表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
常与already, just , yet , ever, never 连用
Have you finished your work yet?你完成了你的工作了吗?
Yes, I have. I have just finished it. 是的。我刚刚完成了。
I have already finished it . 我已经完成了。
Have you ever been to China? 你曾经去过中国吗?
No, I have never been there. 没有,我从来也没有去过。
⑶①表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作 或状态和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括现在在内)的一段时间的状态连用如:(for + 时间段,since + 时间点,或过去某一动作, 以及how long )
②注: 非延续性动词在现在完成 时态中不能和for, since 引导的表示一段时间的状语的肯定句连用。
应转为相应的延续性动词 如:buy---- have
die---- be dead
join ---- be in
borrow----- keep
leave---- be away
I have bought a pen.------ I have had a pen for 2 weeks.
The dog has died.------- The dog has been dead since last week.
⑷①have (has) been to + 地点 去过某地 已经回来
②have (has) gone to + 地点 去了某地 没有回来
③have been in + 地点 一直呆在某地 没有离开过 如:
She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海。(已经回来)
She has gone to Shanghai. 她去了上海。(没有回来)
She has been in Shanghai for 2 days.她呆上海两天了。(没有离开过上海)
1.情态动词must, may , might, could, may , can’t表示推测含义与用法后面都接动词原形,都可以表示对现在情况的揣测和推断但他们含义有所不同
must 一定 肯定 (100%的可能性)
may, might, could有可能,也许
(20%-80%的可能性)
can’t 不可能,不会
(可能性几乎为零)
The dictionary must be mine. It has my name on it.
The CD might/could/may belong to Tony because
he likes listening to pop music.
The hair band can’t be Bob’s. After all, he is boy!
2. whose 谁的 疑问词 作定语 后面接名词
如:Whose book is this? This is Lily’s.
3. belong to 属于 如:
That English book belongs to me.
4.
当play 指弹奏乐器时,常在乐器前用定冠词 如:
play the guitar
play the piano
play the violin
当play 指进行球类运动时,则不用定冠词 如:
play football
play basketball
play baseball
5. if引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,
从句用一般现在时代替将来时 如:
If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.如果你不快点,你将会迟到
6. if you have any idea== if you know 如果你知道
7. on 关于(学术,科目)
8. try to do sth. 尝试做某事 如: I try to climb the tree. 我尝试爬树。
9. because of , because
because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语
because + 从句 如: I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。
I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因我得搬家。
10. own v.-owner n.
listen v.-listener n.
learn v.-learner n.
11. catch a bus 赶公车
12.
neighbor 邻居 指人
neighborhood 邻居 指地区也可指附近地区的人
13. local 当地的 如:local teacher 当地的教师
14. noise
n. 噪音 是个可数名词 noises
15. call the police 报警 如:Quick! Call the police! 快!叫警察!
17. there be sb./ sth. doing 如: There is a cat eating fish.
There must be something visiting our home.
18. escape from …从哪里逃跑出来 如:
He escaped from the burning building. 他从燃烧的大概中逃出来。
19. an ocean of + 名词 极多的,用不尽的 如:an ocean of energy.
20. unhappy 不高兴的 反义词 happy 高兴的
21. final adj. 最后的 finally adv. 最后地
22. dishonest 不诚实的 反义词 honest 诚实的。
23. get on 上车
get off 下车
24. use up 用光、用完 如:They have used up all the money. 他们已经用完了所有的钱。
25. attempt to do 试图 如:
The boys attempted to leave for Beijing. 男孩子们试图想去北京。
26. wake 动词 唤醒 常用的词组:wake up 意为醒来 如:
Please wake me up at 8 o’clock. 请在8点钟叫醒我。
27.
look for 寻找 指过程
find 找 指结果 如:
I am looking for a pen. 我正在找一支笔。(指找的过程)
I found my pen just now. 我刚刚找到了我的笔。(指找的结果)
28.
hear 听 指听的结果
listen 听 指听的过程 如:
Did you hear ? 你听到了吗?(指听的结果,听或没听到)
I often listen to the music. 我经常听音乐。(指听的过程)
29. try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人的最大努力去做某事 如:
He tried his best to run. 他尽他的最大努力去跑。
30. 名词所有格 名词所有格的构成有两种形式
①是在名词后面加 ’s 或是以s结尾 的名词,只在名词的后面加 ’
如:Ann’s book 安的书, our teachers’ office我们老师们的办公室
注:双方共有的所有格,只在后面一个名词加’s, 如:
Lily and Lucy’s father 莉莉和露西的爸爸(她们的爸爸是同一个人)
②有…of …介词短语表示无生命东西的所有格 如:
a picture of my family 我家人的相片
有时也有’s表示无生命的东西的所有格 如:
today’s newspaper, the city’s name
作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:28
Unit 6
定语从句 参看课本P143
1. prefer动词 更喜欢 宁愿
prefer sth. 更喜欢某事 I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语。
prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事 I prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。
prefer sth to sth. 同…相比更喜欢… I prefer dogs to cats.
与猫相比我更喜欢狗。
prefer doing to doing 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
I prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着。
2. along with 伴随…
同… 一道
I will go along with you. 我同你一道去。
I sing along with music. 我伴随着音乐唱歌。
3. dance to sth. 随着…跳舞
She likes dancing to the music. 她喜欢随着音乐而跳舞。
4. different kinds of 各种各样different kinds of clothes 各种各样的衣服
5. music n. 音乐 musician n. 音乐家 musical
6. take … to … 带…去…. 如:
My father often takes me to the park. 我的爸爸经常带我去公园。
Please take this box to my office. 请拿这个盒子到我的办公室。
7. remind sb. of
sb./sth. 提醒 使…记起….
This song reminds him of his mother. 这首歌使他记起了他的妈妈。
8. clear adj. 清楚的,清澈的
clearly
adv. 清楚地
9. be important to sb. 对…重要
be important for sb. to do. 做某事对某人很重要
10. unfortunately adv. 不幸运地
fortunately adv. 幸运地
11. look for 寻找
My pen is lost. Could you help me look for it?
我的笔丢了。你能帮我找一下吗?
12. though == although 作连词 虽然,尽管
放在句子中间/句首,不能和but 连用
Though it was very late, he went on working. 虽然很晚了,但他还在工作
Mr. Smith , though he was young, did it very well.
史密斯先生虽然年轻,却做得很好。
13. fun n. 有趣
funny adj. 有趣的
14. be sure to do 一定做某事 肯定做某事 如:
It is sure to snow. 肯定要下雪
Be sure not to forget it. 千万不要忘记呀!
15. known adj. 有名的 著名的
know v. 知道 认识
16. on display 展览
17. over the years 很多年来,常与现在完成时连用如:
Over the years, they’ve planted many trees on the hills. 多年来他们已在山上种植了许多树。
18. energy n. 活力
energetic adj. 有活力的
19. most of … …的大多数
20. keep healthy 保持健康
21. get together 聚在一起
22. discuss v. 讨论 discussion n. 讨论
23. be bad for sth. 对…有坏处的
be bad for doing sth. 做…有坏处
24. for example 例如
25. take care of === look after 照顾 关心 如:
She often takes care of / looks after her son.
26. stay away from 远离… 如:
Stay away from me , I have a cold. 请远离我,我得了感冒
27. to be honest 老实说 如:
To be honest I really like flowers. 老实说我真的很喜欢花。
28. dislike 不喜欢 反义词 like 喜欢
29. fisherman 渔夫 复数形式 fishermen
30. photography n. 摄影 photograph n. 照片 相片
photographer n. 摄影师
31. be in agreement 意见一致 常与介词on /about连用如:
They are in agreement on that question. 他们对那个问题意见一致。
32. even if
甚至
33. mainly adv. 主要地 首要地
main adj. 主要的 作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:28
Unit 7
1.
tired 累的
tiring 令人疲惫的
bored 讨厌
boring 令人厌烦/讨厌的
excited 兴奋的
exciting 令人兴奋/激动的
amazed 惊讶的
amazing 令人惊讶的
2. education n. 教育
educational 有教育意义的
3. 想要做…:would like to do
想要…:would like sth.
常用的句型有:
What would you like to do? 你想要做什么?
I would like to visit GuiLin. 我想去参观桂林。
What would you like ?
你想要什么?
I would like some tea. 我想来些茶。
Would you like to go to my party? 你来不来参加我的晚会?(表邀请) Yes, I’d love/ like to . No, thanks.
Would you like some tea or coffee? 你是要点茶还是咖啡?
Yes, I’d love/ like. No. thanks.
Where would you like to visit/ go? 你想去哪呢?(本单元的重点句型)
4.
go on vacation 去度假
go on a trip 去旅行
go on a picnic 去野炊
5.
hope to do 希望做某事 I hope to go to Beijing. 我希望去北京。
hope (that) + 从句 希望….
I hope that I can go to Beijing.我希望我能去北京。
I hope (that) she can pass the test.我希望她能通过考试。
6. I love places where the people are friendly. 我喜欢人们友好的地方。
where 关系副词,引导定语从句
where引导定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词如:the place, the city等
That is the school where I studied 10 years ago.
那就是我10年前所就读的学校。
7. 不定代词 参看课本P141
注:形容词必须放在不定代词、不定副词的后面
8. consider doing考虑做某事
I am considering changing my job. 我正在考虑换工作。
9. cost (sb.) 钱、时间
The book cost me 10 yuan 这本书花了我10元。
10. in general 一般来说, 大体上, 通常
11. be supposed to do 应该做…. === should
如:
Scientists are supposed to know a lot. 科学家们应该知道更多。
12. take a trip 去旅行
13. provide sb. with sth 供应某人某物=== provide sth for sb.
如:They provide us with water.
They provide water for us.
14.
how far 问路程 多远
how old 问年龄 多少岁
how long 问时间 多久 多长
how often 问频率 多久一次
15. be away 离开 如: I was away 2days ago. 我两天前离开了。
I will be away for a few days. 我将离开一些天。
16. inexpensive
adj. 不贵的 反义词 expensive adj. 贵的
17. let sb. do 让某人做某事 Let me help you.让我帮你吧。
let sb. not do 让某人不要做某Let us not laugh. 让我们不要笑了。
18. in the future 将来
She will a good mother in the future. 在将来她将会是一个好妈妈。
19. 用to 表示 “的”有:
answers to question 问题的答案 the key to the door 这扇门的钥匙
20. as soon as possible 尽可能的快
21. continue doing == go on doing 继续做某事 如:
She continued singing. == She went on singing. 她继续唱歌。
22. according to 根据
23. be willing to do 愿意做某事 如:
I am willing to help you. 我愿意帮你。
24. on the other hands 另一方面
25. hold on to sth. 保持,不要放弃
Please hold on to my hand. 不要放开我的手。
26. come true 实现 如:
My dream have come true. 我的梦实现了。 作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:29
Unit 8
短语动词小结
常见短语动词结构有下面几种:
1.动词+副词 如:give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词,如果其宾语是代词,就必须放在动
词和副词之间,如果是名词,则既可插在动词和副词之间,也可放
在短语动词后。
2. 动词+介词 如:listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于
这种结构相当于及物动词,后面跟宾语。
3. 动词+副词+介词 如:come up with 提出,想出
run out of 用完,耗尽
4. 动词+名词(介词) 如:take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住
1.cheer (sb.) up
使(某人)高兴、振作 如:cheer me up 使我高兴
clean up
打扫
clean-up n. 打扫
2. homeless adj. 无家可归的
a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩
home
n. 家
3. hand out
分发
hand out bananas
give out 分发
give out sth to sb. 分….给某人
give up doing 放弃…
give up smoking 放弃吸烟
give away 赠送 捐赠
give away sth. to …. give away money to kids
give sb. sth. 给某人某东西
give me money 给我钱
give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线
4. sick
adj. 生病的 作表语、定语
ill
adj. 生病的 作表语 ,不能作定语
5. volunteer to do
v. 志愿效劳、主动贡献
volunteer
n. 志愿者
6. come up with
提出 想出 === think up 想出
catch up with
赶上 追上
7. put off doing 推迟做某事
put on
穿上 (指过程)
put up
张贴
8. write down 写下 记下
9. call up 打电话
make a telephone call 打电话
10. set up 成立 建立
The new hospital was set up in 2000. 这座医院是在2000年成立的。
11. each 每个 各自的 强调第一个人或事物的个别情况 常与of 连用
every 每个 每一个的 一切的 则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用
12. put …to use 把… 投入使用,利用
They put the new machine to use. 他们把新机器投入使用
13. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with English
help do
帮助做某事
help study
14. plan to do 计划做某事
plan + 从句
I plan to go to Beijing. === I plan (that) I will go to Beijing. 我计划去北京。
15. spend … doing 花费…做… I spent a day visiting Beijing.
我花了一天的时间去参观北京。
spend… on sth.
花费…在… I spent 3 years on English.
16.not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用来连接两个并列的成分
(1)引导以 not only …but (also)… 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒装句。也是说得要
把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如:
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best.
我不仅能做到而且做得最好。
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。
常见的就近原则的结构有:
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be
17. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织)
如:join the Party 入党
take part in 参加 (指参加活动)
如:
take part in sports meeting 参加运动会
18. ①run out of == use up 用完 用尽
I have run out of money.== I have used up money. 我已经用完了钱。
②run away 逃跑
The monkey has run away from the zoo.
这只猴子已经从动物园里逃跑了。
③run to + 地方 跑到某地
19.
take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像
be similar to 与..相像
take after 相像
look after 照顾
take care of 照顾
20. work out
算出 结局
The situation worked out quite well. 情况的结局非常好
Have you worked out this math problem? 你已经算出这道数学问题了吗?
21. hang out 闲荡 闲逛
I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。
22. be able to do 能 会
be unable to do 不能 不会
23. thank you for doing 谢谢做某事 如:
thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我
24. for sure
确实如此,毫无疑问
You don’t have money. That’s for sure. 你没有钱,这是毫无疑问的。
25. fill… with… 使…充满…
用…填充…
She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。
26. like
prep. 像…
27. help sb. out 帮助…做事,解决难题(摆脱困境)
I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out.
我不能算出这道数学问题,请你帮我解决。
28. train n. 火车
train v. 训练
train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事
She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。
29. at once == right away 立刻 马上 如:
Do it at once. 马上去做。
I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。
30. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去)
some day 有一天(指将来) 如:
One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。
Some day I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。
31. specially adv. 特意地 专门地 特别地
special adj. 特别的
32. donation n. 捐赠物
donate v. 捐赠 赠送
33. part of speech
词性 词类
34. disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的
disable v. 不能作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:29
被动语态: 主语+
be +过去分词 +
by +宾语
+其他成分
如:
Many people
speak
English.
被动语态 English
is spoken
by many people.
2. 本单元要掌握的句型 见课本P69 中的Grammar Focus
3. invent v. 发明
inventor n. 发明家
invention n. 发明 可数名词
4. be used for doing用来做…(是被动语态) 如:
Pens are used for writing. 笔是用来写的。 Pens aren’t used for eating. 笔不是用来吃的。
5. 给某人某样东西
give sth. to sb.
如:I gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔。
give sb. sth.
I gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔。
6. all day 整天
7. salty
adj. 咸的
salt
n. 盐
8. by mistake 错误地 如:
I took the umbrella by mistake. 我不小心拿错了雨伞。
9. make sb./sth. +形容词 使…怎么样
It made me happy. 它使我高兴
make sb./sth. +名词 让…做…
It made me laugh. 它让我发笑
10. by accident 意外 偶然
I met her by accident at bus stop.
我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她。
11. not…until… 直到…才做… 如:
I didn’t go to bed until I finished my work.
我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。
12. according to +名词 根据… 如:
according to an legend
according to this article根据这篇文章 根据一个神话
13. over an open fire 野饮
14. leaf
n. 叶子 复数形式 leaves
15. nearby adj. 附近的 如: the nearby river
16. fall into 落入 掉进 如:The leaf fell into the river. 叶子落入了河里。fall down 摔倒 如:She fell down from her bike.
她从她自行车摔倒了。
17. quite 非常 adv.
与冠词a连用时,冠词a必须放在它的后面
如:
quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩
very 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时,冠词a必须放在它的前面
如:
a very beautiful girl 一个漂亮女孩
注:当不与冠词a 连用时,两者可以互用 如:
I am very happy.=== I am quite happy. 我非常高兴。
18. in the way 这样
19. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快
pleasant adj. 愉快 高兴 指天气、时间、旅行令人高兴愉快
please v. 使高兴 使同意
20. battery—operated
adj. 电池控制的是名词+动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词
21. in the sixth century 在第6世纪
22. travel around 周游
23. more than === over 超过 如:
more than 300 == over 300 超过300
24. including
prep. 介词 包括 可以与名词和动名词连用
如: Six people, including a baby, were hurt.
6个人包括一个小孩受伤了。
25. have been played 被上演 是现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态的结构:have /has been +过去分词
26. be born 出生
He was born in Canada. 他在加拿大出生
27. safety n. 安全 safe adj. 安全的
28. knock into 撞上(某人)
29. divide sth. into … 将…划分成..
通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分 如:
Let’s divide ourselves into 4groups. 让我们把我们自己划成4组。
30. since then 自从那以后 常与完成时 态连用 如:
Since then, I have left Beijing. 自从那以后,我已经离开了北京。作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:29
Unit10
1. 过去完成时
(1) 构成:由助动词had + 过去分词 构成
否定式:had not + 过去分词 缩写形式:hadn’t
(2) 用法 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。
(3) 它所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。
①表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语来表示
②也可以用when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句来表示
③还可以通过宾语从句或通过上下文暗示。
When I got there, you had already eaten you meal. 当我到达那里时,你已经开始吃了。
By the time he got here, the bus had left. 到他到达这里时,汽车已经离开了
2. by the time 直到…时候
指从过去某一点到从句所示的时间为止的一段时间 如:
By the time we got to his house, he had finished supper.
在我们到达他就已经吃完了晚饭。
3. 英语中表示“把某物遗忘在某处”常用 leave + 地点
而不是forget+地点 如:Unluckily, I left my book at home
.
不幸的是,我把书忘在家里了。
4. close
v. 关
adv. 接近地 靠近地
closed
adj. 关的
5. come out 出来
6. on time 按时 准时 既不早也不迟
in time 及时 指在时限到来之前
7. luckily adv. 幸运地
lucky adj. 幸运的 luck n. 好运
8. give sb. a ride 让某搭便车 如:
He often gives me a ride to school. 他经常让我搭便车去学校。
9.only just 刚刚好、恰好
10. go off
(闹钟)闹响
The alarm went off just now. 刚才警钟响了。
11. break down 坏掉
12. fool
n. 傻子 呆子
v. 愚弄 欺骗 如:
He is a fool. 他是一个呆子。
We can’t fool our teach. 我们不能欺骗我们的教师。(动词)
13. show up 出现 出席 She didn’t show up last night. 昨晚她没有出现
14. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某做事 如:
My friend invited me to watch TV. 我的朋友邀请我看电视。
15. set off 激起 出发 set up 建立
16. ①so … that 如此…以致于
引导结果状语从句,so后面接形容词、副词.
②so that作“为了”时,引导目的状语从句,从句常出现情态动词,
作结果状语从句时,从句中一般不用情态动词 。
如:She got up early so that she could catch the bus.
为了能赶上车,她起得很早。(目的状语从句)
She was so sad that she couldn’t say a word. 她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。(结果状语从句)
17. flee from 从…逃跑 避开 如:They fled from their home. 他们从他们的家里逃了出来。
18. thrill v . 使人非常激动,使人非常紧张
thrilled
adj. 指某人感到激动或感到紧张
thrilling
adj. 指某事物使人心情激动
19. get married 结婚
20. convince v. 使信服
convincing adj. 令人信服的
21. land v. 着落
22. be late for 迟到
23. a piece of 一片/块/张 如: a piece of paper/ bread
一张纸/ 一块面包作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:30
Unit11
1.宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。
①由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语 构成
常由下面的一些连接词引导:
②由that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略
He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
③由if , whether 引导 表示一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)
I don’t know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。
④由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义
Do you know what he wants to buy?
你知道他想要买什么吗?
⑤从句时态要与主句一致
当主句是一般现在时,从句根据情况使用任何时态
He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
I don’t know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
She wants to know if I have finished my homework.
她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来?
当主句是一般过去时,从句应使用过去某时态(一般过
去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)
He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。
I didn’t know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
She wanted to know if I had finished m homework.
她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来?
2. get
v.
得到、买、到达
3. make a telephone call 打电话
4. save money 省钱、存钱
5. ①问路常用的句子:
Do you know where …is ?
Can you tell me how can I get to …?
Could you tell me how to get to …?
②Can/Could/Will/Would you please tell me sth. 表示十分客气地询问事情
③Could you tell me how to get to the park?
请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗?中的how to get to the park
是疑问词与动词不定式连用,用作宾语,但不是宾语从句,可是
相当于how I can get to the park(宾语从句)如:
I don’t know how to solve the problem.
==
I don’t know how I can solve the problem.我不知道如何解决这个问题
Can you tell me when to leave?
==
Can you tell me when I ill leave? 你能告诉我什么时候离开?
6. 日常交际用语:
take the elevator / escalator to the … floor.乘电梯/自动扶梯到…楼
turn left / right === take a left / right
向左/ 右转
go past 经过
go straight 向前直走
7. next to 旁边、紧接着 如:Lily is next to Ann.
莉莉就在安的旁边。
8. between … and… 在…和…之间
如: Lily is between Ann and Tom. 莉莉就在安和汤姆的之间。
9. decide to do 决定做… She decided to go to have lunch. 她决定去吃午餐。
decide
v.
decision
n.
make a decision
做个决定
10. Is that a good place to hang out? 那是不是一个闲荡的好地方?
中的to hang out修饰前面名词place,不定式作定语.
如:There are something to eat. 这有吃的东西。中的to eat修饰代词something,作定语.
11. kind of +adj./ adv. 译为“有点、一点”如:
She is kind of shy. 她有点害羞。
12. expensive 贵的 反义词 inexpensive 不贵的
13. crowded 拥挤的 反义词 uncrowded 不拥挤的
14. take a vacation == go on a vacation 去度假
15.
dress up 打扮
dress up as 打扮成..
如:He wanted to dress up as Father Christmas.
他想要打扮成圣诞老人。
16. on the beach
在海滩上 的介词用 on
17. politely
adv. 有礼貌地
polite
adj. 有礼貌的
18. depend on sth / doing / 从句 根据、依靠、依赖、决定于
Living things depend on the sunlight.生物对阳光有依赖性。
We can’t depend on his answer. 我们不能根据他的回答。
That depends on how you did it. 那决定于你怎样做这件事。
19. prefer动词 更喜欢 宁愿 常用的结构有:
prefer sth. 更喜欢某事 I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语。
prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事 I prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。
prefer sth to sth. 同…相比更喜欢… I prefer dogs to cats. 与猫相比我更喜欢狗。
prefer doing to doing 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
I prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着
prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
I prefer to work rather than be free. 我宁愿工作而不愿闲着。
20. on the other hand
另一方面
21. 把…借给某人lend sb. sth. =
lend sth.to sb. 如:
Lily lent me her book. == Lily lent her book to me .莉莉把她的书借给了我。
22. such as
23. I’m sorry to do sth. 对做某事我觉得很抱歉、伤心。
24. in a way 在某种程度说
25. in order to do
为了做…
表目的 如:
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.
他起早床,是为了赶上头班公共汽车。
26. 等级/同级比较:as…as , not as/so…as
①as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as
表示“和…一样的…”“…和…一样的…”
如: He works as hard as we. 他工作和我们同样努力。
②否定式:not as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as
== not so + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as
He doesn’t work as / so hard as we. 他工作没有我们那样努力。
27. hand in 上交作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:30
Unit12
1. be supposed to do . 应该 如:
We are supposed to stop smoking. 我们应该停止吸烟。
知识拓展 表示应该的词有:should, ought to ,be supposed to
2. shake hands 握手 shake 本意是“摇动、震动”
3. You should have asked what you were supposed to wear.
你本应该问清楚怎么样穿才得体。中的“should have asked”是
“情态动词+现在完成时”表示过去本应该做某事,事实上没有做
如:She should have gone to Beijing. 她本应该去了北京。(没有去)
4. be relaxed about sth. 对某事随意、不严格 如:
They are relaxed about the time. 他们对时间很随意。
5. pretty adv. 相当,很=very She is pretty friendly. 她相当友好。
adj. 美丽的
She is a pretty girl.她是一个美丽的女孩。
6. make plans to do == plan to do. 打算做某事 如:
She has made plans to go to Beijing.==She has planed to go to Beijing.
7. drop by 访问 看望 拜访 串门
We just dropped by our friends’ homes.我们刚刚去朋友家串门。
8. on time 按时
9. after all 毕竟 终究 如: You see I was right after all.你看,毕竟还是我对了。
10. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 如:
Lily invited me to have dinner.莉莉请我吃晚饭。
11. without 没有
12. around the world == all over the world 全世界
13. pick up 捡起 挑选 如:He picked up his hat. 他捡起他的帽子。
14. start doing == start to do 开始做某事 如
He started reading.== He started to read. 他开始读。
15. point at 指向
16. stick v. 剌 截 n. 棒,棍
chopstick 筷子 是由chop(砍)+stick(棒)合成,通常用复数形式:chopsticks
17. go out of one’s way to do 特意,专门做某事 如:
He went out of his way to make me happy. 他特意使我高兴。
18. make mistakes 犯错误(复数)make a mistake 犯错误(一个)
19. be different from 与…不同 如:
Chinese food is different from theirs. 中国菜与他们的不同.
20.
get/be used to sth. 习惯于…
get/be used to doing 习惯于…
be used to do 被用于做…
be used for doing 被用于做…
used to do 过去常常做… 如:
I wash clothes everyday. But I’m used to it.
我每天都洗衣服,但我习惯了
I am used to washing clothes. 我习惯于洗衣服了。
The knives are used to cut things. 小刀被用来切东西。
The knives are used for cutting things. 小刀被用来切东西。
She used to watch TV after school. 她过去放学后常常看电视。
21. 我发现要记住每一样事是困难的。
I find it difficult to remember everything.
形式宾语 真正宾语
常见的形式宾语有: find / think + it/them +形容词 to do sth. 如:
I think it hard to study English.
22. cut up 切开 切碎 如:Let’s cut up the water melon. 让我们切开这个西瓜吧。
23. make a toast 敬酒
24. crowd
v.挤满 其形容词和过去式及过去分词都是:crowded
25. set n. 一套 v. 设置
26. can’t stop doing 忍不住做某事 I can’t stop laughing. 我忍不住笑
27. make faces 做鬼脸
28. face to face 面对面
29. learn…by oneself 自学 如: I learn English by my self. 我自学英语。 作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:30
新目标九年级英语期末复习手册
Unit1-15重点知识梳理
Unit 1
一:知识点
1.Check in : 在旅馆的登记入住。
Check out: 在旅馆结账离开。
2.By: ①通过…..方式(途径)。例:I learn English by listening to tapes.
②在…..旁边。例:by the window/the door
③乘坐交通工具 例:by bus/car
④在……之前,到……为止。例:by October在10月前
⑤被 例:English is spoken by many people.
3.how与what的区别:
how通常对方式或程度提问,意思有:怎么样 如何,通常用来做状语、表语。
what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问,意思为 什么,通常做宾语,主语。
How is your summer holiday?
It’s OK.(how表示程度 做表语)
How did you travel around the world?
I travel by air.
What do you learn at school?
I learn English, math and many other subjects.
4.aloud, loud ,loudly 均可做副词。
aloud 出声地 大声地 多与read 、speak连用
例如:read aloud 朗读
speak aloud说出声来
loud 大声地 响亮地
loudly 高声地 多指喧闹声和不悦耳的声音。
5. voice 指人的嗓音也指鸟鸣。 sound 指人可以听到的各种声音。
noise 指噪音、吵闹声
6. find + 宾语 + 宾补(名词 形容词 介词短语 分词等)
例:I find him friendly.
I found him working in the garden.
We found him in bed.
He found the window closed.
7. 常见的系动词有: ①是:am 、is、 are
②保持:keep、 stay
③ 转变:become、 get、 turn
④ ……起来 feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound
8. get + 宾语 + 宾补(形容词 过去分词 动词不定式) 使某种情况发生
例:Get the shoes clean. 把鞋擦干净
Get Mr. Green to come. 让格林先生进来
I want to get my bike repaired. 我想去修自行车
You can’t get him waiting. 你不能让他老等着
9. 动词不定式做定语
①与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系
The next train to arrive was from New York. He is always the first to come.
②与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系
I have nothing to say.
I need a pen to write with.
I need some paper to write on.
I don’t have a room to live in.
10. practice , fun 做名词为不可数名词
11. add 补充说 又说
12. join 加入某团体 并成为其中一员
attend 出席参加会议或讲座
join in与take part in指参加到某项活动中去。
13.all、 both、 always以及every复合词与not连用构成部分否定。其完全否定为:all---none, both---neither, everything---nothing, everybody---nobody.
14.be afraid of害怕 be afraid to害怕 be afraid that恐怕担心,表示委婉语气
15.either
①放在否定句末表示“也” ②两者中的“任一”
③either…or… 或者…或者.…引导主语部分,谓语动词按照就近原则处理
16.complete完成,是个较正式的词,后不能接动名词
finish指日常事物的完成
17.a,an 与序数词连用表示“又一”,“再一”。
例:Please give me a second apple.
There comes a fifth girl.
18.have trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing….. 干…..遇到麻烦,困难
19.unless
除非,如果不,等于“if not”本身就表示否定,引导条件状语从句,主句为将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
例:My baby sister doesn’t cry unless she’s hungry.
=My baby sister doesn’t cry if she isn’t hungry.
Unless you take more care, you’ll have an accident.如果你不多加小心的话,你会出事的。
20.instead:adv 代替,更换。
例:We have no coffee, would you like tea instead? 我们没有咖啡了,改喝茶好吗?
Stuart was ill, so I went instead.
斯图尔病了,所以换了我去。
instead of 作为某人或某事物的替换
例:Let’s play cards instead of watching TV.
Give me the red one instead of the green one.
21.spoken 口头的,口语的。
Speaking 讲话的,说某种语言的。
二,短语:
1.by making flashcards 通过做单词抽认卡
2. ask…for help 向某人求助
3.read aloud 朗读
4.that way (=in that way) 通过那种方式
5.improve my speaking skills 提高我的会话技巧
6.for example (=for instance)例如
7.have fun 玩得高兴
8.have conversations with friends 与朋友对话
9.get excited 高兴,激动
10.end up speaking in Chinese 以说汉语结束对话
11.do a survey about… 做有关…的调查
12.keep an English notebook 记英语笔记13.spoken English (= oral English) 英语口语
14.make mistakes
犯错误
15.get the pronunciation right 使发音准确
16.practise speaking English 练习说英语
17.first of all 首先
18.begin with 以…开始
19.later on 随后
20.in class在课堂上
21.laught at 嘲笑
22.take notes 记笔记
23.enjoy doing 喜欢干…
24.write down 写下,记下
25.look up (v + adv) 查找,查询
26.native speakers 说本族话的人
27.make up 编造,虚构,化妆,打扮
28.around the world 全世界
29.deal with 对待,处理,解决 30.worry about (be worried about) 担心,担忧
31.be angry with 生某人的气
32.stay angry 生气
33.go by 消逝
34. regard…as… 把…当做…
35.complain about/of 抱怨
36. change…into… 把…变成… (= turn into)
37.with the help of 在…的帮助下 38. compare…to (with)… 把…和…作比较
39.think of (think about) 想起,想到
40.physical problems身体上的问题
41.break off 中断,突然终止
42. not…at all 根本不,全然不
三,句子
1. How do you study for a test? 你怎样为考试做准备?
2. I have learned a lot that way. 用那种方法,我已经学到了很多东西。
3.It’s too hard to understand the voice. 听懂那些声音太难了。
4.Memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little.记流行歌曲的词也起作用。
5. Wei Ming feels differently. 卫明有不同的感受。
6.He finds watching movies frustrating. 他觉得看电影让人感到沮丧.
7.She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all.
她又说和朋友对话根本没用。
8.I don’t have a partner to practice English with. 我没有搭档一起练习英语。
9.Later on, I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word.随后,我认识到听不懂每个词并没有关系。
10.It’s amazing how much this helped. 我惊异于这些方法竟如此有用。
11.My teacher is very impressed. 给老师留下了深刻的印象。
12.She had trouble making complete sentences. 她很难造出完整的句子。
13.What do you think you are doing? 你在做什么?
14.Most people speak English as a second language. 英语对于大多数人来说是第二语言。
15.How do we deal with our problem? 我们怎样处理我们的问题?
16.It is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of our teachers. 在老师的帮助下尽我们最大的努力来应对挑战是我们的责任。
He can’t walk or even speak.他无法走路,甚至无法说话作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:31
Unit 2
一.
知识点
1. used to
过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态. 后跟动词原形.
否定形式为: didn’t use to 或 usedn’t to 疑问形式为: Did…use to…? 或 Used…to…?
be/get used to 习惯于, to 为介词.
2. wear 表示状态.
put on 表示动作.
dress + 人 给某人穿衣服.
3. on the swim team
on 是…的成员,在…供职.
4. Don’t you remember me?
否定疑问句.
Yes, I do. 不, 我记得.
No, I don’t 是的, 我不记得了.
5. 反意疑问句:
① 陈述部分的主语为 this, that, 疑问部分主语用it; 陈述部分主语用 these, those, 疑问部分用they 做主语.
例: This is a new story, isn’t it?
Those are your parents, aren’t they?
② 陈述部分是 there be 结构, 疑问部分仍用 there
例: There was a man named Paul, wasn’t there?
③ I am 后的疑问句, 用aren’t I
例: I am in Class 2, aren’t I?
④ 陈述部分与含有 not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等词时,疑问部分用肯定.
例: Few people liked this movie, didn’t they?
但陈述句中若带有否定前缀或后缀的单词时, 这个句子仍视为肯定, 后面仍用否定.
例: Your sister is unhappy, isn’t she?
⑤ 陈述部分的主语若为不定式或 V-ing 短语, 疑问部分主语用it.
例: To spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isn’t it?
⑥ 陈述句中主语是 nobody, no one, everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代词时,疑问部分用they做主语; 若陈述部分主语是 something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代词时, 疑问部分用it 做主语.
例: Nobody says one word about the accident, do they?
Everything seems perfect, doesn’t it?
⑦ 当主语是第一人称I时, 若谓动为think, believe, guess 等词时, 且其后跟宾丛,这时疑问句部分的人称, 时态要与宾语从句保持一致, 同时还要考虑否定转移.
例: I don’t think he can finish the work in time, can he?
⑧ 前面是祈使句, 后用 will you? (let’s 开头时, 后用shall we?)
6. be terrified of 害怕的程度比 be afraid of 深.
7. miss: ① 思念, 想念 例: I really miss the old days. ② 错过, 未中, 未赶上, 未找到.
例: It’s a pity that you miss the bus.
8. no more (用在句中)=not…any more (用在句尾)
指次数;
no longer (用在句中)=not…any longer (用在句尾)
指时间.
9. right: ① adj. 正确的, 对的, 右边的② n. 右方, 权利③ adv. 直接地.
10. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. = Yu Mei seems to have changed a lot.
11. afford + n. /pron.
afford + to do 常与can, be able to 连用.
例: Can you afford a new car?
The film couldn’t afford to pay such large salaries.
12. as well as 连词, 不但…而且… 强调前者. (若引导主语, 谓动与前者在人称和数上一致
例: Living things need air and light as well as water. 生命不仅需要水, 还需要空气和阳光.
13. alone = by oneself 独自一人.
lonely 孤独的, 寂寞的.
14. in the last/past + 一段时间 during the last/past + 一段时间 与现在完成时连用.
15. die (v.)
dead (adj.)
death (n.)
dying (垂死的)
二.
短语
1. be more interested in 对…更感兴趣.2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员.
3. be terrified of 害怕.4. gym class 体操课.5. worry about. 担心.
6. all the time 一直, 总是7. chat with 与…闲聊8. hardly ever 几乎从不
9. walk to school = go to school on foot
take the bus to school = go to school by bus
10. as well as 不仅…而且
11. get into trouble 遇到麻烦
12. make a decision 做出决定
13. to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是
14. take pride in 为…感到骄傲
15. pay attention to 留心, 注意
16. consist of 由…组成/构成.
be made up of 由…组成/构成.
17. instead of 代替, 而不是
18. in the end 最后, 终于
19. play the piano 弹钢琴
三.句子
1.I used to be afraid of the dark. 我以前害怕黑暗.
2.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉.
3.I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends.
以前我常常花很多时间和我的朋友们玩游戏.
4.I hardly ever have time for concerts. 我几乎没有时间去听音乐会.
5.My life has changed a lot in the last few years.
6.It will make you stressed out. 那会使你紧张的.
7.It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 玉梅似乎变化很大.作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:31
Unit 4
一、知识点
1、①give sb sth=give sth to sb
类似的词还有:pass、lend、show、write、send等
②buy sb sth=buy sth for sb
类似的词还有:make、draw、cook等
2、hundred 、thousand、mi11ion与数字连用不能用复数。
hundreds of、thousands of、mi11ions of中必须用复数。
3、look for寻找find找到、发现
find out指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白。
discover 指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实情。如科学上的重大发现。
4、bring 带来 take 带走
fetch 去并拿来
5、talk to/with sb 同××说话。
tell 告诉, 分辨,辨别。
speak to sb 同××说话,做及物动词,后跟语言。
say 后跟名词、代词及宾语从句做宾语,着重强调说话内容。
6、What if …… 如果……将会怎么样?(引导条件状语从句、疑问句)
eg
What if she doesn’t come?
她要是不来怎么办?
What if your parent don’t agree? 如果你的父母不同意怎么办?
What if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎么办?
7、before
引导一个句子,为连词。后跟短语或名词等,则为介词。
8、food 表示食品种类,一种食物时,为可数名词
eg
fried foods 油炸食品
break foods 早餐食品 frozen foods 冷冻食品
9、复数名词可表示一类食品(如 dogs)
a/an+单数可数名词可表示一类(如 a dog)
10、confident(adj.)
confidence(n.)
11、What does/do ×× look like?
问相貌。
What’s ×× like? 问“品质性格”。
12、 give a speech 做演讲
have a speech听演讲
give a report 做报告
have a report 听报告
13、permission (n.) 允许,许可
permit (v.) 允许
14、plenty of 充足的,相当多的。修饰可数或不可数名词,只能用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中用 enough.
15、not……in the slightest=not……at all 根本不
16、company ①公司 ②一群人,一伙人 ③ 陪伴
17、get along (with)=get on (with)
①进行,进展
eg The business is getting along very well. 生意进展的很顺利。
How are you getting along with your English study? 你的英语学习进展的怎么样了?
②相处
eg Do you get along with your boss?= Do you and your boss get along? 你跟老板合得来吗?
I’m getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同学们相处得很好。
18、would rather … than … (= would … rather than)宁愿,而不愿。
前后连接两个动词原形,否定形式为:would rather not do sth
①would rather … than … = prefer … to …
但prefer … to … 若连接两个动词,动词应为v-ing 形式。
eg He would rather jog than play football.=He prefers jogging to playing football.
②would rather 常单独使用,表示“宁愿做…”
eg He would rather watch TV at home.
③rather than = instead of 而不是
连接两个并列成分,前后对称。
eg I’d prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter.
I decided to write rather than telephone.
I like going out with you rather than with him.
She enjoys listening rather than speaking.
19、today、here、there、downstairs、upstairs、above、below做宾语修饰名词,放在名词之后
eg
the weather today今天的天气 people here这里的人们the man downstairs楼下的那个男的
the passage below 下面的这段话
20、a little = a bit 修饰形容词、副词 a little = a bit of 修饰不可数名词
21、There is an English speech contest next month
用一般现在时表示将来,表示计划或安排好的动作,或者日历、时刻表的规定内容。
22、the rest 其余的,可指代可数或不可数名词。The other(s) 只能指代可数名词
23、come up with 提出或提出(答案、方法)等。类似于think of.
eg How would you come up with this idea? 你怎样想出这个注意的?
My brother is a person who often comes up with good idea.我弟弟是个常常能想出好点子的人
24、offer 提供
offer sb sth
给××……
offer to sb sth 主动提出干……
二、短语
1、give it to charity 把它捐给慈善机构
2、medical research 医学研究
3、What if …… 如果…怎么样?
4、get nervous 紧张
5、take a big exam 参加大考
6、help with 有助于
7、in public 在公共场合
8、hardly ever 几乎不
9、the whole school 全校
10、without permission 为经许可
11、be(make) friends with 与…交朋友
12、ask one’s permission 请求××的允许
13、introduce…to… 把…介绍给…
14、invite…to do… 邀请…干…
15、social situations 社会环境
16、not… in the slightest 根本不,一点也不
17、right away 立刻,马上
18、all day 全天
19、be friendly to 对…友好
20、at lunch time 在午饭时间
21、a bit shy 有点害羞
22、English speech contest 英语演讲比赛
23、represent the class 代表班级
24、come top 名列第一(前茅)
25、let … down 使…失望
26、come up with 提出、想出
27、be sure of + n./pron.
28、the rest of the students 其余的学生
be sure to do
相信…
29、have a lot of experience (in) doing sth
be sure +that 从句 在做某事方面有经验
30、deal with 对付,处理
31、come out 出版
32、give advice on… 在…方面提出意见、建议
33、by accident 偶然地,无意之中
34、hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙干…
35、an internet friend 网友
三、句子
1、He doesn’t know if he should bring a present. 他不知道是否该带礼物。
2、You shouldn’t worry about what other people say.你不应该考虑别人说什么。
3、What will you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百万美元,你会干什么?
4、If I were you, I ‘d take a small present.如果我是你,我会带一个小礼物。
5、I’m too tired to do well.我太累了,没考好。
6、Dogs can be a lot of trouble.狗会带来很多麻烦。
7、What are you like? 你是什么样的人?
8、I’d invite him/her to have dinner at my house.我会邀请他(她)到我家吃饭。9、You enjoy the company of other people.你喜欢别人的陪伴。
10、I feel nervous talking in front of many people.我在众人面前讲话时感到紧张。11、She always comes top in the school exams.她在学校的考试中总是名列前茅。
12、She doesn’t want to let her friends down.她不愿让朋友失望。
13、If I were you, I’ll get out of here.如果我是你,我会离开这里。作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:31
虚拟语气
一、词的语气
指我们平常说的说话人说话的口气。(在英语中,语气除了指语调以外,最主要的是通过动词发生变化而表示不同语气)
英语中的语气分为三类:
陈述语气(用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句)
祈使语气(用于祈使句)
虚拟语气(用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等)
二、虚拟语气
如果所说的不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想,就用虚拟语气。
三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
eg If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语)
If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.(真实条件状语)
If I were you, I would go at once.(非真实条件状语从句)
If there was no air, people would die.(非真实条件状语从句)
2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式
① 表示与现在事实相反的情况
(条件)从句谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式
谓语动词用过去式(be用were)
should/would/could/might+动词原形
eg:If I were you, I’d take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)
If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.
如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)
If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)
If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.
如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没带钱)
If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他在努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:学习不用功)
②表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式
Had+过去分词
Should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
eg
If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.
如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.
(①通常与一个表示时间状语连用)其 中were to do可能性最小,should+动词原形。
If it rained tomorrow our picnic
would be put off.
万一那天下雨,我们的郊游
就推迟。
should/would do
主句 might /could
eg: If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him.
如果他哪天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小)
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.
如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了,(事实:不知能否下雪)
If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事得始末。
四、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句
a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式
eg: I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你)
b、表示过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had+v-ed
eg: I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。(事实:原来不知道)
c、表示将来难以实现的愿望
谓语动词:should/would + 动词原形
eg: I wish I should have a chance again.很难再有这样的机会了。(事实:很难再有这样的机会了)
②虚拟语气用在suggest(建议)、insist(坚持)、demand(要求)、order(命令)等动词后的宾语从句中。
在这种用法中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:“should + 动
词原形”或只用“动词原形”。
如 He suggested
He insisted
He demand
that we (should) take the teacher’s advice
He ordered
Unit 5
一、知识点:
1、情态动词表示推测:
(1)must常用于肯定句中,意为“准是、一定”,它表达的肯定程度最大,可以达到100%。
(2)could、might、may的意思是“可能、也许”,表示推测,它们所表达的肯定程度较低,这三个词相比may的可能性稍大一些;他们的肯定程度在20%至80%。
(3)can’t的意思之“不可能”,它相应的肯定形式是must;它的可能性为0% 。
(4)must、could、might和can’t的后面可用一般现在时、现在进行时,表示对现在的动作、状态或正在进行的动作的推测。
例:He might/could be playing basketball now.他现在可能正在打篮球。
I’m sure that she can’t stay at home.我确信她不在家。
He must be walking in the garden.他肯定在花园里散步。
2、 author与writer:
author单纯制作者或作品;writer的意思较多,有“作者、抄写员”等。
3、drop:(1) vt.(及物动词)意思是(有意或无意)让掉下来、投下;放弃、不再干。
例:She dropped the teapot.
He dropped it into the mail-box.
I want to drop math.
(2)vi.(不及物动词)意思是掉下、落下;下降、降低(可与fall互换),
例:The man dropped from the top of the building.
The temperature has suddenly dropped.
Prices dropped.
(3)
n.(可数)滴、点滴,
a few drops of rain几滴雨
4、exam:用在正式场合,指入学考试,期中、期末考试,正式等级考试。
test:意思是测验、考查、小考,指非正式的阶段性的测试。
quiz:测验、口试、笔试,只简单的临时性的考试。
5、too much太多
much too实在太
6、garbage、rubbish、junk和waste:
(1)garbage废料、垃圾;(厨房倒弃的)剩饭、剩菜。
(2)rubbish=trash垃圾,普通用语,指各种垃圾,英国人常用rubbish,美国人常用trash.
(3)junk破烂物,指废铁、破布等,现在用来指使人发胖的食物。
(4)waste废物,指工厂排出的废水、废气或家庭垃圾等。
7、any用在否定句、疑问句、条件句中。
some用在陈述肯定句中。
8、have no idea不知道
have some/any idea知道。
9、at可表示“再某场合”如:at the meeting/party
10、hope to do sth;hope that从句。
wish to do sth;wish sb to do sth;wish that从句。11、because引导原因状语从句
because of跟名词或一个短语。
12、however与but:
(1)从语义上看,but所表示的是很明显的对比、转折。
(2)从语法上看,but是并列连词,however是个副词。
(3)从语序上看,but总位于所引导的句首,however可放在句首、句中、句尾。
(4)从标点上看,but之后没有逗号,however之前、之后短语用逗号隔开。
13、本课出现的两例含有宾语从句的特殊句子:
(1)What do you think “anxious” means?
(2)Why do you think the man is running?
又如:(1) Where do you guess he lives?(2) What do you think he is doing now?
14、happen指偶然的发生;take place用于计划好的事情或自然的发生;break out(指战争、灾难、疾病等)爆发。
15、neighborhood: (1)临近、附近 (2)街坊、小区、地区
16、raise [reiz] vt.及物动词 举起、提高 Rise [raIz] vi.(不及物动词)上升
二、短语:
1、be long to属于
11、wear a suit穿西装
2、listen to classical music听古典音乐
12、make a movie拍电影
3、at school上学、求学、在学校
13、in our neighborhood在我们附近、在我们小区
4、go to the concert去听音乐会
14、have fun玩耍、取闹
5、have any/some idea知道 have no idea不知道15、his or her own idea她(他)自己的看法
6、a math test on algebra有关代数的数学考试
16、late night深夜
7、the final exam期末考试
17、an ocean of许许多多、无穷无尽的
8、because of因为
18、be care of=look out当心、小心
9、a present for his mother送给她妈妈的礼物 19、pretend to do sth假装干…
10、run for exercise跑步锻炼
20、use up用完、用光
三、句子:
1、If you have any idea where might be please call me.如果你知道它可能在哪,请打电话给我。
2、It’s crucial that I study for it because it counts 30%to the final exam.
关键是我必须学,因为它占期末考试的30%。
3、What do you think “anxious” means?你认为“anxious”是什么意思?
4、He could be running for exercise.他可能是跑步锻炼身体。
5、He might be running to catch a bus.他可能是在跑着赶公共汽车。
6、Why do you think the man is running?你觉得那个男的为什么跑?
7、No more mystery in Bell Tower neighborhood.钟塔附近不再有神秘的事了。
8、One finger can’t left a small stone.独木难支。
9、When an ant says“ocean”,he is talking about a small pool.井底之蛙。
10、It is less of a problem to be poor than to be dishonest.宁穷勿贱。
11、Be careful of the person who does not talk, and the dog that does not bark.
明抢易挡,暗箭难防。
12、You can’t wake a person who is pretending to be asleep.真人不露相。
13、Tell me and I’ll forget. Show me, and I may not remember. Let me try, and I’ll understand.有亲身体验才能明白其中的道理。
14、Don’t let yesterday use up too much of today.过去的就让它过去吧。
15、He who would do great things should not attempt them all along.
一个好汉三个帮作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:32
Unit 6
一、 知识点
1.prefer
v.更喜爱,更喜欢,相当于like……better,其过去式、过去分词为preferred,常用于以下结构:
(1)prefer+名词、代词I preferred music.
Which do you prefer?
(2)prefer+动词不定式“宁愿干……”She prefers to live among the working people.
(3) prefer+v-ing
I prefer living abroad.
(4)prefer+动词不定式复合结构:
常见的搭配有:
① prefer……to……喜欢……而不喜欢……(to为介词)
She prefers apples to bananas.
② prefer doing to doing(to为介词)
He prefers running to walking.
③ prefer to do …… rather than do sth.宁愿干……而不愿干……
They prefer to play games rather than watch TV.
2.gentle:①轻柔,温和(往往指音乐、嗓音或风)
②温柔的,文雅的(往往指人的性格)
3.remind……of……使某人回想起或意识到某人、某事
She reminded me of her sister.
The pictures remind me of my school days.
4.表示“也”的用法:
also 用在句中,too 用在句末,as well 多用于口语,用在句末,这三个表达都用在肯定句。either “也” 用在否定句尾
5. What do you think of …?
=How do you like…?
6.as 的用法:
①用作连词“按照”
Please do it again as I told you.
②连词,当……的时候,着重强调两个动词同时发生
She sang as she worked.
③ 表示原因,“因为,由于”比较口语化,语气也较弱,所表示的原因比较明显。
As I didn’t know the way, I asked the policeman.
④as…as… 和……一样
7.over the years多年来 ,往往与现在完成时连用
8.though 不做副词“可是,不过,然而”放在句尾
9. be sure of +n. / pron. /短语
be sure that 从句 }相信,对……有把握
be sure to do 务必……一定……
make sure 确保,核实,查收,弄清楚
10.one of the+最高级+复数名词,最……之一
11.过去分词作定语,表示被动或完成
12. on display=on show
13.interest:①n.兴趣,趣味;②v.使感兴趣
He interested me in football.他使我对足球感兴趣。
I’ve got a lot of books that might interest you.我有许多可能使你感兴趣的书。
14.class
等级,级别,阶级
15. whatever=no matter what
16.suggest:①建议,后跟宾语从句,用虚拟语气;
②表示,暗示,后跟宾语从句,不用虚拟语气。
17. energy (n.)=energetic (adj.)
18.honest 该词是元音发音开头,前面的不定冠词用“an”.
19.先行词若为地点或时间时,后面的关系词用关系代词还是关系副词,要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。若关系词作定语从句的主语、宾语或定语,用关系代词;若关系词作状语,则用关系副词。
二.短语
1.expect to do sth.期望干……
expect sb. to do sth期望某人干……
2.catch up with追上,赶上
3.different kinds of music各种不同的音乐
4.quiet and gentle songs轻柔的歌曲
5. take…to… 带……到……
6. remind…of…使某人想起或意识到……
7.her own songs她自己的歌曲
8.be important to对……重要
9.Yellow River黄河
10.Hong Tao’s latest movie洪涛最近的电影
11.over the years多年来
12.be sure to do sth.务必干……一定干……
13.one of the best known Chinese photographers世界上最有名的中国摄影家之一
14.on display展览,展出
15.come and go来来往往
16.can’t stand不能忍受
17.look for寻找
18.feel sick感到恶心,不舒服
19.have a great time玩得高兴,过得愉快
20.to be honest说实话
21.be lucky to do幸运的是……
22.my six-month English course我6个月的英语课
23.most of my friends我的大部分朋友
24.go for去找某人,想法得到某事物
25.stay healthy保持健康
26.French fries薯条
27.stay away from与……保持距离
28.be in agreement意见一致(后跟短语、句子)
29.barbecued meat烤肉
30.a tag question反意疑问句
31.be bad for对……有害
三.句子
1.I love singers who write their own music.我喜欢自己创作曲子的歌手。
2.We prefer music that has great lyrics.我们更喜欢歌词很棒的曲子。
3.What do you dislike about this CD.你不喜欢这张CD的什么?
4.What does it remind you of?它使你想起了什么?
5.The music reminds me of Brazilian dance music.这首曲子使我想起了巴西舞曲。
6.It does have a few good features, though.然而,它的确也有一些好的方面。
7.She really has something for everyone.每个人的确都能从她的作品中领悟到一些东西。
8.Whatever you do, don’t miss this exhibition.无论怎样,你都不能错过这次展出。
9.As the name suggests, the band has a lot of energy.正如乐队名字所暗示的那样,这支乐队很有活力。
10. Some people say they are boring, but others say they are great.
11.If I were you, I’d eat nuts instead.如果我是你,我会改吃坚果。 作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:32
Unit7
一、知识点:
1.Would like
sth
想要某东西
to do sth 想要干…
sb to do sth
想要××干
2.through
穿过 含有“in”的意思 across
横过 含有“on”的意思
3、expect
to do sth /
sb to do sth / that
从句(不用虚拟语气)
Wish
to do sth /
sb to do sth
/
that
从句(用虚拟语气)
Hope
to do / that 从句(不用虚拟语气)
(没有hope sb to do sth结构)
4. light
a.可数名词,灯
b. 不可数名词,光线、日光
c.形容词,轻的,明亮的,浅色的
d.及物动词 点燃 照亮 (过去式,过去分词lit,lit 或lighted ,lighted)
5.Some day=someday 只指将来某一天
one day 既可指将来某一天,也可指过去某一天。
6.Plan 计划打算(1) plan to do sth
We are planning to visit London this summer
/Do plan to stay late?
(2) 跟名词或者代词
Have you planned your trip?
We have been planning this visit for months.
(3) plan for 为…做计划He planned for a picnic if the next day were fine.
(4) plan on 打算有(做某事)She had not planned on so many guests.
They are planning on an/for an outing.
7.I’d like to go somewhere relaxing.
Somewhere 在本句中有双重性,对go 来说是副词,对relaxing 来说是不定代词。
8.Consider 考虑,认为
后面只跟动词,动词用“ing”形式
9.else 用在特殊疑问词及不定代词的后面,other 用在名词前,两者都是“别的,其他的”的意思
10.in 在范围之内的某方位。to范围之外的某方位。on在两地边界接壤的某方位。
11.mind介意
mind doing sth; mind one’s doing sth.
12.any用在肯定句中,“任一”
13.so that引的状语从句,“以便,为了”,从句往往有can/may/will/could/might/would等情态动词。
So …that…如此…以至于that …引导结果状语从句。
14.Continue to do sth 继续干另外一件事。
Continue doing sth 继续干同一件事
15.在英语中,有although 不能有but;有because 不能有so
16.强调句型:It is(was)…that (who ,whom)…
(1) 强调句型可用来强调各种句子成分
(2) 强调句中的连词who,whom只用来指代人,that 即可以指代人也可以指代物被强调部分是时间,地点等仍用that
(3)that,whom, who 后的句中的谓语与原句保持一致
(4)强调句中只有it is ,it was 两种时态形式,
如:I am right ------It is I who(that) am right.
又如:They will have a meeting tomorrow.
It is they who(that) will have a meeting tomorrow.
It′s a meeting that they will have tomorrow.
It′s tomorrow that they will have a meeting.
二 短语
1.go on vacation 去度假
2.trek through the jungle 徒步穿越丛林
3.some day 有朝一日
4.one of the liveliest cities 最有活力的城市之一
5.be supposed to do sth. 应该干。
6.pack light clothes 穿薄衣服
7.take a trip 去旅行
8.provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb
为了某人提供某物
9.be away 离开,远离
10.the answer to the question 问题的答案
11.according to 根据。按照。
12.work as tour guides 做导游的工作
13.dream of 梦想,想到
14.less realistic dreams 不现实的梦想
15.be willing to do sth. 愿意干。16.achieve one’s dreams 实现梦想
17.sail across the pacific 横渡太平洋18.hold on to 保持,不要放弃(卖掉)
19.take it easy 从容 轻松 不紧张
20.Niagara Falls 尼亚加拉大瀑布
21.Eiffel Tower 艾菲尔铁塔
22.Notre Dame Cathedral 巴黎圣母院
23.this time of year 一年中的这个时候
24.in general 通常 ,大体上, 一般而言
三 句子
1. where would you like to go on vacation?
I’d like to trek through the jungle.
2. l like places where the weather is always warm.
3. I like to go somewhere relaxing 我喜欢去休闲的地方
4. For your next vacation, why not consider visiting Paris?
你下次度假为什么不考虑去巴黎?
5. Traveling around Paris by taxi can cost a lot of money.
乘坐出租车游览巴黎要花费很多钱
6. So unless you speak French yourself, it’s best to travel with someone who can translate things for you. 因此,除非你自己会讲法语,否则最好与一个能为你翻译的人一起去。
7. We’d like to be away for three weeks. 我们大约要去三个星期.
8. The person has a lot of money to spend on the vacation. 度假中这个人有很多钱可以花.
9.I hope you can provide me with some information about the kinds of vacations that your firm can offer 我希望能给我提供一些贵公司能经营的旅游项目的信息.
10.Could you please give me some suggestions for vacation spots?你能给我一些有关度假地的建议吗?
11.You need to pack some warm clothes if you go there. 你如果去那里,需要带些暖和的衣服。
12.I’d love to sail across the Pacific.我想横渡太平洋。作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:33
Unit 8
一.知识点
1. 动词+副词构成的短语,代词做宾语只能放在中间,名词做宾语可中可后。
如: clean up ; give out ; cheer up ; put up ; write down ; hand out ; call up ; set up ; fix up ; give away ; work out
2 could 表示建议,比can婉转。
3 put off +v-ing
4 put up 举起,悬挂,张贴。
5 Not only … but also … 不仅…而且… 强调后者
此结构用来连接主语时,谓语动词按照就近原则,在人称与数上与but also后的名词、代词保持一致。
例:Not also ZhouXia, but also her parents are fond of watching football matches.
此结构可用来连接两个句子,当not only连接的句子位于句首时,该句要部分倒装。
例:Not only does Miss Li like music,but also she likes sports.李小姐不但喜欢音乐,还喜欢体育
Not only did he come,but also he was very happy.他不但来了,而且还很高兴。
6.coach ①名词 长途公共汽车、四轮大马车,(运动员的)教练,私人教师。
②动词 辅导,训练
7.major
① adj. 重要的,主要的 ② n. 专业,专业学生
He is a history major. = He chose history as his major.他是主修历史的学生
vi. 主修,专攻。
He majors in physics. 他主修物理学。
8.volunteer
①可数名词 “志愿者” ②adj. 自愿的
vi. volunteer to do sth
They are the Chinese People’s Volunteers. 他们是中国人民志愿军。
I volunteer to help you. 我自愿帮助你。
9.no longer = not … any longer
指时间上不再延续。
no more = not … any more
指动作上不再延续。
10.run out 与 run out of
①run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间,食物,金钱,油等,本
身就含有被动意义。
His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。
My patience has completely run out. 我没有一点耐心了。
Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。
②run out of 主语为人,表示主动含义。
He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。
两者在一定条件下可以互换
如:The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了 = We are running out of petrol. 我们快把汽油用完了。
Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。
= We are running out of time
11.work out
v. + adj.
①结局,结果为
The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。
②算出,制订出,消耗完(精力等)
He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。
He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。
I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用。
12.homeless 无家可归的
13.donate v. donation n.
捐赠
二.短语
1.clean up 清扫
2.give out 分发,发放
3.cheer up=make…happier 使...高兴,使...振作
4.after school study program 课外学习班
5.come up with=think up 提出,想出
6.put off 推迟
7.write down 写下,记下
8.put up 张贴
9.hand out 分发,发放
10.call up 打电话
11.ser up=establish 建立
12.be home to sb 是某人的家园
13.volunteer one’s time to do sth 自愿花时间干...
14.put…to use… 把...投入使用
15.elementary school 小学
16.plan to do sth 计划干...打算干
17.coach a football team for kids 训练少年足球队
18.start a Chinese History club 开办一个中国史俱乐部
19.run out of 用完,耗尽
20.take after 在性格或长相方面与父母相象
21.fix up 修理
22.give away 捐赠
23.be similar to 与...相似
24.ask for 索要
25.a call-in center for parents 家长热线
26.hang out 闲荡
27.put up signs asking for singing jobs 张贴寻求唱歌工作的广告
28.run out of money for singing lessons 学唱歌的钱用完了
29.disabled people 残疾人
30.for sure 确实如此,毫无疑问
31.fill…with... 用...填充...
be full of 装满了...
32.help...out 帮助...做事,解决难题(摆脱困境)
33.a specially trained dog 一只经过特殊训练的狗
34.train sb to do sth 训练某人干...
35.fetch my book 把我的书拿来
36.part of speech 词性
三.句子
1.We can’t put off making a plan. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now. 我们不能推迟制订计划,清洁日离现在只有两周了。
2.She puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care centre at her local elementary school. 她在当地的一所小学的课后辅导中心工作,使这个爱好得到较好的利用
3.Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. 帮助别人不但自己感到快乐,而且我开始花时间做自己喜欢做的事了。
4.The three students plan to set up a student volunteer project at heir school. 这三个学生计划在他们校开展一个学生志愿者项目。
5.He also put up some sign asking for old bikes. 他还贴了一些需求旧自行车的广告。
6.The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 几米想出的这个办法很有效。
7.He did a radio interview. 他接受了电台的采访。
8.We need to come up with a plan. 我们需要指定一个计划。
9.You could help clean up the city parks. 你可以帮助打扫城市公园。
10.He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children who don’t have bikes. 他现在有16辆要修理的自行车,并准备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那些没有自行车的孩子。作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:33
Unit 9 必背内容
重点词组
1. be used for 用来做……
2. be invented by 由(某人)发明
3. light bulb 电灯泡
4. microwave oven 微波炉
5. by mistake 错误地
6. in the end 最终;最后
7. salty enough 足够咸
8. by accident 偶然;意外
9. not…until… 直到……才……
10. according to 根据;按照
11. fall into 落入;陷入
12. in this way 这样
13. flying disk 飞碟
14. knock into 撞上(某人)
15. fall down 倒下;摔倒
16. divide…into… 把……分成……
重点句型
1. Who was the telephone invented by? It was invented by Bell.
电话是谁发明的? 电话是贝尔发明的。
2. When were electric slippers invented? They were invented last year.
电拖鞋是什么时候被发明的? 它们是去年被发明的。
3. What are they used for? 它们是用来做什么的?
4. They are used for seeing in the dark.它们是用来在黑暗中看东西的。
5. Tea wasn’t brought to the Western world until 1610.直到1610年茶才被带到西方世界。
6. I prefer lemons to oranges. I like the sour taste. 我喜欢柠檬胜过橙子。我喜欢酸味。作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:33
Unit 10
By the time I got outside, the bus had already left
重点词组(Key phrases)
1.by the time 到…时候为止
2.get outside 到外边
3.get to school 到学校
4.get up 起床
5.get into the shower 去洗澡
6.get home 到家
7.start doing / to do sth 开始做某事
8.be late for 迟到
9.go off (闹钟)闹响
10.wake up 醒来
11.come out 出来,出现
12.run off 迅速离开,跑掉
13.on time 准时
14.in time 及时
15.come by (走)过来
16.give sb a ride 让某人搭车
17.break down 损坏,坏掉
18.show up 出席,露面
19.stay up 熬夜
20.a costume party 一个化装舞会
21.sth happen to sb 某事发生在某人身上
22.so …that … 如此…以至于
23.set off 出发,开始
24.April Fool's Day 愚人节
25.get married 结婚
26.marry sb 与某人结婚
27.both …and … 二者…都…
28.get dressed 穿好衣服
29.on the first day 在第一天
语法重点(Grammar Focus)
1.Past perfect Tense 过去完成时
构成:had+过去分词(had没有人称和数的变化)
过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。既然过去完成时的动作发生在过去某一时间之前,那么,使用过去完成时就必须先有这样一个过去的时间。
eg.I had finished my homework before supper. 我在晚饭前把作业做完了。
2.when 和by the time引导的时间状语从句
by the time 到……时候为止,指从过去某一点到,从句所示的时间为止,这一时间段。when当……时候,指过去的某一时间点。从句用一般现在时,主句为过去完成时。
eg.By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.
到她起床的时候,她的弟弟已经去洗澡间了。
When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home
当她到学校的时候,她意识到她把书包放在家里了。
(在这句话中,过去的时间点为“到校”的时候,“她把书包放在家里”则发生在“过去的过去”。)
疑难解析(Key Points)
1.get to 意为“到达”。例如:When did you get there last night? 你昨晚什么时候到那儿的?
I get home at 7:00 every day.我每天7:00到家。
When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.我到电影院时,电影已经开始了。
辨析:get, arrive与reach
这三个词都可以用来表示“到达”,但是用法不同。
(1)get和arrive都是不及物动词,其后只能跟表示地点的副词,若是跟名词则须再加介词,即get to +地点名词,arrive in / at +地点名词(in 之后跟表示大地方的词,at之后跟表示小地方的词)。若是只说“到达”,而不指出到达哪里,则只能用arrive。例如:
How did you get / arrive there? 你怎么到那儿的?
I got to / arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday.我前天到的北京。
When do you often get to / arrive at school? 你经常什么时候到校?
When will you arrive? 你什么时候到?
(2)reach为及物动词,其后既可跟名词也可跟副词。例如:
I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.我前天到的北京。
We reached here on foot.我们步行到这儿的。
2.关于get的词组小结
在本单元出现大量关于get的词组,要注意背诵:
get to school 到学校
get into the shower 去洗澡
get outside 到外边
get home 到家
get up 起床
get married 结婚
get dressed 穿好衣服
get to class 到班级
get bored 变得无聊
get tired 变得疲劳
3.I've never been late for school, but yesterday I came very close
我上学从未迟到过,但是昨天差一点儿就迟到了。
(1)I've 是I have的缩写,have been late是现在完成时态,现在完成时是指一个动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能继续下去,而且对现在产生了一定的影响,其构成是have / has+动词过去分词。例如:
I have been here since 1999.自1999年以来我就在这儿。
We have lived in Jinan for 20 years.我们已经在济南住了20年了。
She hasn't worked for 2 years.她已2年不工作了。
(2)be late for 意为“……迟到”,for为介词,所以其后须跟名词。例如:
Don't be late for the meeting.开会别迟到了。
Jim was late for school again.吉姆上学又迟到了。
Tom has been late for classes twice. 汤姆上课已经迟到两次了。
(3)close在此为副词“接近地,靠近地”。此外came very close意为“到时与迟到很接近”。
4.My alarm clock didn't go off, … 闹钟没有大响……
go off 意为“爆发,大响”。例如:
Although the alarm clock went off, he didn't wake up.虽然闹钟大响,但是他还是没有醒来。
与go有关的词组还有:
(1)go in for“参加”(竞赛、考试);(作为嗜好、工作)“爱好”。例如:
She goes in for bird-watching.她爱好赏鸟。
(2)go on“进行,继续”。例如:Please go on.请继续。
(3)go on doing sth 或go on with sth“继续做……”。例如:
He went on working without having a rest.他一直工作,没停下来休息过。
(4)go over“调查,视察;越过”。例如:
You must go over your lessons before the exam.考试前你必须复习。
5.…and I had to wait for him to come out.……我不得不等他出来。
(1)have to 意为“必须,不得不”。例如:
Do you have to take the test? 你必须考试吗?
Tom has to practice speaking Chinese every day.汤姆每天必须练习讲汉语。
辨析:have to 与must
这两个词都可以表示“必须”。have to 更加强调客观原因,而must则强调主观原因;含有have to 的句子在作句型转换时须借助于助动词do,does或did,而must本身是情态动词,进行句型转换时可以直接通过must改变。例如:
It is raining, we have to stay at home. 天在下雨,我们不得不待在家里。
We must work hard.我们必须努力工作。
Lucy doesn't have to stand.露茜不必站着。
You mustn't play in the street.你不能在街道上玩。
(2)wait 是不及物动词“等待,等候”的意思。可以用于词组wait for sb.“等某人”,wait to do sth.“等着做某事”,wait for sb to do sth.“等某人做某事”。例如:
Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁?
They can't wait to open the presents.他们迫不及待地打开礼物。
You can wait for him to help you.你可以等着他帮你。
6.Unfortunately, by the time I got there, the bus had already left.
不幸的是,我到那儿的时候,公交车已经走了。
unfortunately 是副词“不幸地”,是由fortunately加否定前缀“un”构成的。英语中有一部分词在词首或词尾加上前缀或后缀就可以变成另外一个词。如:lucky(幸运的)-unlucky(不幸的),use(用)-useful(有用的),forget(忘记)-forgetful(健忘的),un作前缀表示“not”的含义,即“un”是一个否定前缀。例如:fit(合适的)-unfit(不合适的),fair (公平的)-unfair(不公平的),known(闻名的)-unknown(不闻名的)等。
7.Luckily, my friend Tony and his Dad came by in his Dad's car and they gave me a ride.
幸运的是,我的朋友托尼和他爸爸坐着他爸爸的车经过,他们让我搭了个便车。
(1)come by 意为“经过,走过;获得,获有”。例如:
Please let the car come by.请让车过去。
Good jobs are not easy to come by.好工作不容易找到。
与come有关的其他词组:
<1>come out”出来;开花;出版”。例如:
The moon has come out.月亮出来了。
It's too cold for the flowers to come out.天太冷了,花不开了。
<2>come about”发生,产生”。例如:
Tell me how the accident came about.告诉我事情是怎么发生的。
<3>come across“(偶然)发现……,遇见……”。例如:
I came across his name on the list.我无意中在名单上发现他的名字。
<4>come after”继……之后,接……而来”。例如:
Sunday comes after Saturday.星期天在星期六之后。
<5>come back”回来”。例如:
When did he come back? 他什么时候回来的?
<6>come to oneself”苏醒,醒过来”。例如:
At last, he came to himself.最后他醒了。
<7>come from”来自”。例如:
Julia comes from Australia.朱莉娅来自澳大利亚。
(2)give sb a ride 意为“让某人搭便车”。ride在此为名词“搭车,乘车”的意思。get a ride 意为“搭便车”。例如:
Can you give me a ride, Jack? 杰克,能让我搭个便车吗?
I want to get a ride. 我想搭个便车。
8.I only just made it to my class.我恰好到教室。
make it 意为“成功了,做成了”。这里指的是没有迟到,准时到达。例如:
-Have you got the job? -你得到那份工作了吗?
-Yes, I made it. -是的,我成功了。
9.Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school?
你曾忘了把作业带到学校吗?
(1)辨析:forget to do 与forget doing
forget to do 指的是“忘了去做……”,即该事还未做;而forget doing 则指“忘了做了……”,即该事已经做完。例如:
Don't forget to turn off lights when you go out.出去时别忘了关灯。
Sorry, I forgot to bring the books again.对不起,我又忘了带书来了。
Lucy forgot locking the door.露茜忘了已锁了门了。
Tom forgot turning off TV.汤姆忘了关了电视了。
(2)辨析:bring, take
bring 意为“把……拿来,取来”。即把某物从别处拿到说话者所在地;take 意为“把……拿走,取走”,即把某物从说话者所在地拿到别处。例如:
Please bring my English book here. 请把我的英语书拿到这儿来。
You can't take these magazines home. 你不能把这些杂志拿回家。
10.What happened to David on April Fool's Day? 愚人节那天,大卫出什么事了吗?
(1)happen to sb 意为“某人怎么了,发生在某人身上”。例如:
What happened to you? 你怎么了?
What happened to Jim? 吉姆出什么事了?
(2)英语中表示节日时须注意以下几点:
<1>表示“在……节”用介词on;
<2>表示节日的每个词的首字母大写;
<3>用day来表示“节”,且无冠词;
<4>一般用复数名词的所有格,如:Teachers' Day 教师节,Children's Day 儿童节,Women's Day 妇女节等;但也有用单数名词所有格的,如:Mother's Day 母亲节,Father's Day 父亲节等。例如:
Do you often go to parks on Children's Day? 你们儿童节经常去公园吗?
What do you usually do on New Year's Day? 新年你们通常干什么?
Do your friends play jokes on you on April Fool's Day? 你的朋友愚人节跟你开玩笑吗?
11.Welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole country.
Welles 是如此地让人信任,以致于成百上千的人都相信了这个故事,进而激起了全国性的恐慌。
(1)So …that…句型中,so后面应加一个形容词或副词,意为“如此……以至于……”
eg.This book is so interesting that everyone in our class wants to read it.
这本书是如此的有趣以至于全班同学都想看看。(so+形容词)
He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him.他跑得那么快,以致于我跟不上他。(so+副)
So…that引导的是表示结果的状语从句,但不“一定要死套”“如此……以至于”的模式来译成汉语。eg.
It was so dark that he couldn't see the faces of his companions.天太黑了,他不能看见同伴的脸。
(2)so that 主要用来引导目的状语从句。其从句中的谓语动词通常和can,may,should等情态动词连用,而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号,意为“以便,使能够”。
eg.They set out early so that they might arrive in time他们早早地出发以便按时到达。
Let's take the front seats so that we may see more clearly.我们坐在前排吧,以便看得更清楚。
(3)set off 意为“出发,开始;引爆;衬托”。例如:
They'll set off on a journey around the world.他们将要出发环球旅行。
Use blue eye-shadow to set off your green eyes.用蓝色眼影衬托你的绿眼睛。
与set有关的其他词组:
<1>set about sth.“开始,着手”。例如:I must set about my packing.我必须开始收拾行装了。
<2>set sb.against sb.“使某人和某人竞争、对抗”。例如:Set yourself against her.跟她竞争。
<3>set in”开始”。例如:The rainy season has set in.雨季已开始了。
<4>set out”出发,启程”。set sth out”展示,陈列”。例如:
They set out at dawn.他们在拂晓出发。
He sets out his ideas clearly in his essay.他在这篇文章中明确地列出了他的观点。
<5>set up”建立,设立”。例如:
The memorial will be set up.纪念碑要建成了。
12.…because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti.
……因为生产意大利面条的农民停止了生产。
辨析:stop doing 与stop to do
stop doing 指的是“停止做”,即不做了;而stop to do 则是指“停下来去做”,即停下来的目的是去做,也就是开始做。例如:
Stop talking, let's begin our class.不要讲话了,我们开始上课。
You are too fat and you must stop eating too much.你太胖了,你不能吃那么多了。
Please stop to listen to me请停下来听我说。
The mother stopped to look after her baby.那位母亲停下来去照顾她的小宝宝。
13.She was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married.
她震惊了,因为她的确想结婚。
(1)thrill为动词“震颤,使激动”,多用于被动语态be thrilled,表示“很感动,受到震颤的”。例如:
We were thrilled with joy.我们高兴极了。
She thrilled at the good news.她听到那个好消息很兴奋。
(2)want在此为动词“想,想要”,其后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式to do。例如:
Do you want an ice-cream? 你想要个冰激凌吗?
I want some bread and milk.我想要些面包和牛奶。
Tom wants to learn to play Chinese chess.汤姆想学下中国象棋。
Does Lucy wants to learn to dance? 露茜想学跳舞吗?
(3)marry为动词“嫁,娶,结婚”。表示“嫁给某人”或“娶了某人”都可以用marry sb。
另外,词组get married 意为“结婚”,但这是一个非延续性动词,即它不能跟表示一段时间的词连用。be married 也可以用来表示“结婚”,它是一个延续性词组,可以与表示一段时间的词连用。例如:
John is going to marry Jane约翰要和简结婚了。
Henry didn't marry until he was over fifty.亨利直到过了50岁才结婚。
When are you going to get married? 你准备什么时候结婚?
We have been married for ten years.我们已经结婚十年了。
His uncle will get married next month.他叔叔下个月结婚。作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:34
Unit11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?
目标语言:ask for information politely
重点句型:P86-1a&1c,P87-2a&2c,p88-3b&4
要求背诵的是p88-3a
知识点:
1.宾语从句的定义:宾语从句就是在复合句中作主句的宾语。
2.宾语从句的引导词:1)连词that引导的宾语从句,在口语和非正式文件中可以省略。2)由连接代词what, which, who, whose或连接副词when, where, why, how等词引导的宾语从句。3)由连词if或whether引导。如,I hope that you will have a good holiday.
He asked who could answer this question. They don’t know if they will visit the history museum tomorrow.
3.宾语从句的语序:宾语从句的语序应当用陈述语序。即,从句的连接词后面是主语+谓语+宾语的语序。注意连接词在句子中当主语时,后面直接跟谓语和宾语。如He asked who could answer these questions. Could you tell us what time the plane leaves?
4.Perhaps, maybe, probably: perhaps表示“可能,也许”,之意但不能肯定,它修饰整个句子。Maybe为副词,表示“或许,大概”之意,一般用于句子的开头,常用于口语。Probably有可能性较大的意味,可以位于句首,也可以位于谓语动词前,情态动词,助动词或be动词的后面。
5.both, either, neither: both表示“两者都”;either表示“两者中的任何一个”;neither表示“两者中任何一个都不”。1)作形容词时,neither,either修饰名词的单数形式,both则修饰名词的复数形式。2)作代词时,neither,either通常被视为单数,both用作复数。作代词时,both还可以作同位语,neither, either则不可以。3)neither…nor意思为“既不…也不…”;either…or意思为“或是….或是…”;both…and…意思为“双方都….;既….又…”三者均为并列连词。即连接两个相同的句子成分。当neither…nor, either…or连接句子的两个主语时,其后谓语动词通常和最邻近的主语在人称及数上保持一致。Both…and….连接句子的两个主语时,其后的谓语动词通常使用复数形式。
6.dress, have on, put on, wear: dress作及物动词用时,指“给某人穿衣服”,dress既可以表示动作,也可以表示状态。Dress表示替别人穿衣服时,接表示人的名词或代词作宾语。如,The mother dressed her son quickly and took him to the kindergarten. Dress表示自己穿衣服这个动作时,接反身代词作宾语,或者用作不及物动词。如,Lily is old enough to dress herself. Dress作不及物动词用,意思是“穿衣,穿礼服”。 作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:34
unit 12 You’re supposed to shake hands.
目标语言:Tell what you are supposed to do
重点句型:P95-2b&2c, P97-1&2b
要求背诵的是P98-3a
知识点:
1.be supposed to do sth.:be supposed是suppose一词的被动语态结构。后接动词不定式时,含义相当于should后接不定式。但should后面的不定式要省略不定式符号to,且属于主动语态形式,使用起来较严肃和正式;而be supposed to do sth的使用教随便,建议性强。否定式为be not supposed to do sth.,另外ought to do sth也是其一个同义表达的形式,但要注意表示过去时,ought后接完成式的不定式,使用时需要灵活掌握和运用。如You are not supposed to shake hands.= You shouldn’t shake hands.= You ought not (oughtn’t) to shake hands.你不应与之握手。
2.Unfamiliar的用法:为形容词,意思为“不熟悉的;没有见过或听过的”,其同义为strange,其反义词为familiar.1) be unfamiliar to…表示“不深知的;生疏的”如,That face is unfamiliar to me.那副面孔我很生疏。2)be unfamiliar with…表示“没听过,没听见,不熟悉的”如,I am unfamiliar with their music.我没听过他们的音乐。
3.used to do sth, be used to do sth, be/get used to sth./ doing sth.: 1) used to do sth意思是“过去常常做某事;过去曾经做某事”,表示过去发生的动作,其中的to do sth为不定式结构。如,I used to take piano lessons.我过去上钢琴课。2)be used to do sth意思为“被用来做某事”,其中的to do sth是不定式结构。如,Paper is used to make kites.纸用来做风筝。3)be/get used to 表示“习惯于”,如果get/be used to后面接动词时,则要使用动词-ing形式。如,She is used to living in the country.她习惯居住在农村。
4. most, mostly, the most:1)most可修饰动词,意思是“最,第一”如,That problem troubles him most.那个问题最使他头痛。Most常可作very 用,修饰kind, helpful, grateful, beautiful等表示主观感觉的形容词和副词。这时不表示比较,不能和the连用。如It’s most kind of you.你真好。Most作代词用,意思为“大多数的,最多的,最大的”。其反义词为fewest,least.2)mostly为副词,表示“大体上,大部分”等意思。如She is mostly out on Sunday.星期天她多半不在家。3)the most表示“最大数量,最大限度”。如,This is the most I can do.这是我力所能及的。
5.Except, besides,but都含有“除了,除…外”的意思。1)except意思为“除…外(不再有)”,其前常接all, any, every, no及其复合词等词。如I answer all the questions except the last one.除了最后一个问题灭有答上外,其余问题我都答上了。2)besides意思为“除…外(还有)”如,I have a few friends besides you. 除了你之外,我还有几个朋友。3)but后接名词,代词和原形动词,可以和except互换,但except后接副词,介词短语时,不能用but 来代替。如,Mary did nothing except/ but clean the dishes.玛丽只洗盘子。
6.point at, point to, point out: point意思为“指着,指向”,在用事物名词作主语时,一般和point to连用,在用人物名词作主语时,常用point at.如,Our teacher is pointing at the map on the wall.我们的老师在指着墙上的地图。The land of the clock points to six.时钟的针指向六。2)point at可以分开来理解,也就是point后直接跟名词或代词作宾语,at表示方向,point to没有这种用法。3)point out是“指出“的意思,属于“动副”结构的短语,虽可跟宾语,但若是代词,须放point和out之间。如,Can you point out the church in this picture?你能指出这张图画中的教堂吗?作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:34
◆unit 13 Rainy days make me sad.
目标语言:talk about how things affect you
重点句型: P102-1b&1c, P103-2b, P105-2a
要求背诵的是:P104-3a
知识点:
1.
make的用法:1)make+名词/代词+形容词或形容词短语 如,The good news made us happy.这条好消息使我们很高兴。2)make+名词/代词+省略to的动词不定式 如,They made us laugh.他们让我们大笑起来。3)make+名词/代词+介词短语或名词短语 如,The boss made her his assistant.老板让她作自己的助理。4)make+名词或代词+过去分词短语 如,Can you make yourself understood in English?你能用英语把意思表达清楚吗?5)make it+时间 如,Let’s make it half past two.让我们把时间约定在2:30吧。
2.
would rather, prefer: 1)prefer是一个行为动词,后接带to的不定式,表示一个具体的特定行为,意思为“更喜欢”。如,He preferred to have a part-time job.他宁愿找一份兼职工作。2)两者接不定式时,分别与than和rather than搭配,即prefer to do…rather than do…意思为“宁愿做…而不愿做….”,would rather do…than do…意思为“宁愿做…而不愿做…”.如,Liu Hulan preferred to die rather than surrender.= Liu Hulan would rather die than surrender.刘胡兰宁死不屈。3)prefer…to…相当于like…better than…意思为“喜欢….更胜过喜欢…..”。其后接名词,代词,动词-ing形式。如,I prefer tea to coffee.我喜欢喝茶胜过喜欢喝咖啡。4)prefer和 would rather后都可接从句,从句要用虚拟语气。Prefer后接从句时,用 should加动词原形的形式,should也可以省去,而would rather后接从句时,要用过去时态表示现在和将来,用过去完成时态表示过去。如 I would rather you came on Sunday.我倒希望你星期天来。I prefer that we(should)do it in another way.我更希望我们用另一种方式做这件事。
3.
learn…from, learn of, learn…by: 1)learn…from后接表示人的名词,意思为“向…学习”;后接表示事物的名词,意思为“从…中学习”。如,We must learn from Comrade Lei Feng.我们一定要向雷锋同志学习。We have learnt a lot from your lecture.我们从你的报告中学到了很多东西。2)learn of后接表示人或事物的名词,意思为“听说,了解到”,相当于hear of。指间接地获得信息,有时可用介词about代替of,但learn about还有“学习有关方面知识”的意思。如,We were sorry to learn of his failure.听到他失败的消息我们非常遗憾。3)learn..by后接表示事物的名词或动词。接表示事物的名词时,意思为“从…学习”,可与learn from互换;接动词-ing形式时,意思为“通过…方式学习”。如You should learn a language by speaking it.你应当通过说的方式来学习一种语言。另外,learn …by heart是“熟记;背下来”的意思。如You should learn all the words by heart.你应当把所有的单词都背下来。
4.
other, another, the other, others, the others: 1)other作前置定语时,修饰单数或复数名词。如I will come again some other days.我改日再来。2)another用于泛指三者以上的不定数目中的“另一个”,其所修饰的名词前不加冠词。如I don’t want this one. Please give me another.我不想要这个,请给我另一个。3)the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”,是特指。如There are six people in the room.Four are girls, the other two are boys.房间里有六个人,四个是女孩,其余两个是男孩。4)others用作代词,泛指“其他人”或“其他事物”。如,Some are singing and dancing, some are drawing ,others are climbing the hill.一些人在唱歌,跳舞,一些人在画画,还有一些人在爬山。5)the others指整体中除去一部分后,剩余的全部。如 There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls. The others are boys.我们班有五十五名学生,三十人是女生,其余的是男生。
5.
compare…to…意思“把…比作….”着重注意两者间的相似点。如,Young people are often compared to the sun at eight or nine in the morning.年轻人常被比作早晨八,九点钟的太阳。2)compare…with…意思为“拿….与…相比,把…与…相比较”,侧重指两者间的区别。如,Compare your composition with hers and you will see whose is better.如果把你的作文与她的加以比较的话,便知谁的较好了。
6.
carry, bring, take , get, fetch: carry的意思是“携带,搬运,负担”,即把某人带在身边后把某物带在身上,指随身携带,并将它从一处带到另一处。携带的方式可以是提,扛,背,抱,抬等。Carry不说明带的方向。2)bring的意思是把某人或某物“带来,拿来”,强调方向,即从别处拿到说话人这儿来,而不强调带的方式,其后可跟双宾语。3)take的意思是把某人或某物“带走,拿走”,即说话人这儿带到别处去。4)get和fetch的意思相近,表示到某处去把某人找到并带来,或把某物找到并取来。Get常用于口语中。作者: jyw 时间: 2009-1-31 10:34
Unit 14 Have you packed yet?
目标语言:talk about recent events
重点句型:P111-2a&2b,P114-4
要求背诵的是P112-3a
知识点:
1.现在完成时的构成:have/has+动词的过去分词
2.现在完成时的肯定句:
主语(第一,二人称单复数,第三人称复数)+have
主语(第三人称单数)+has
+动词过去分词
3.现在完成时的否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词
4.现在完成时的疑问句及回答:Have/Has +主语+过去分词?
5.现在完成时的用法:1)表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的结果和影响,可以细分为下列两种情况:a.表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束,常和just, now , already, yet等连用。如,I have finished my homework now.现在我已经做完作业了。b.表示过去动作的结果现在仍残留着,一般不和时间状语连用。如I have lost my pen.我把钢笔弄丢了。(说明过去某时丢的,现在还没有找到这支钢笔)。2)表继续(动作未结束)。如 I have lived here since 1989.我自从1989年就住在这。(表示现在仍住在这)【注意】表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,而且还继续下去的动作或状态。
6.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:两种时态都表示过去发生的动作,但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的联系,对现在产生的结果,影响等,而一般过去时则只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系。表示过去固定时间状语只能与一般过去时连用,而不能与现在完成时连用。表示过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week, a week ago, on Friday, just now, in the evening, the other day。现在完成时的时间状语:since Monday, until now, for a long time, since I came here, since last week, up to now, lately, recently.
7.look for, find , find out, search: look for表示“寻找”,强调找的动作或过程。2)find表示“找到”,强调找的结果。3)find out表示“找出,查明”之意,指经过调查,观察,询问或研究等手段发现或找到。4)search是指对某一处所,人身进行搜查或指寻找想找的人或物,后面可以接介词for,但比look for语气更强些。
8.go on的其他用法:go on意思为“继续”时,有下列几种用法:1)go on doing sth.意思为“继续做某事”2)go on to do sth意思为“继续做(另一件事)3)go on with sth有时与go on doing互换使用,意思为“继续做某事”。
9.in the last/past +数字+名词表示“在过去的….时间里”,常用于现在完成时的句子中。
10.
get back意思为“取回”;get back意思为“回来”,相当于return
11.
yet, already:yet用于否定句和疑问句中。Already主要用于肯定句中,用于疑问句中时常表示惊讶。2) yet常放在句尾,也可以紧跟在not的后面,而already则常放在句中。作者: jyw 时间: 2009-2-2 11:38
喜欢作者: jyw 时间: 2009-3-11 07:56
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