Yesterday, my dad took me to the zoo. My favorite animal was a newborn monkey. We fed the monkey big red apples. The monkey liked them very much. My dad and I went to see some more animals before we left the zoo. I wanted to see the monkey again. It was very late and the monkey was sleeping.
单词的呈现方式很多,比如,可以通过看图说话的方式,图画中所呈现的信息应该是含有新旧学习内容,教师可以根据图画内容问一些简单的问题,如What can you see in the picture? What are they doing? 等;又如,可以通过谈话的方式,引入新词,如在学习过去式的时候,教师可以出示一些做事情的图片,然后提问:What do you usually do on Sunday? What did you do last Sunday? 等;再如,可以通过看听歌谣、歌曲、讲故事等方式。
下面介绍一种根据“全语言”教学理论设计的词汇呈现活动。请看下面的例子:
词汇:colour,red,yellow,green,blue,pink
年级:低年级
情景设置:教师带着学生们在练习涂颜色。
呈现形式:PPT
PPT语言和画面:
Teacher: Hello, boys and girls. Let's colour the flowers. OK? (教师手拿彩笔和花的图画对孩子们说。)
Ss: OK.
Teacher: Hi, Tom. What colour do you like? (教师手拿彩笔问一个男孩。)
Tom: I like blue. Colour the flower blue. (在男孩回答blue的时候,画面上仅有蓝色的彩笔,蓝色彩笔旁边有文字blue。)
Teacher: Hi, Mary. What colour do you like?
Mary: I like pink. Colour the flower pink. (在女孩回答pink的时候,画面上仅有粉色的彩笔,粉色彩笔旁边有文字pink。以下同。)
Teacher: Hi, .... ...?
....
Teacher: OK. We can colour the flowers blue, pink, red, green and yellow. (这时画面分别出现兰、粉、红、绿和黄颜色的花朵。)
学习过程:
1. Warming up
T: (出示一些没有颜色的花朵) Do you like these flowers?
S: No.
T: Why?
S: No colours. (学生年龄小,可能不会用英语回答,可以允许学生用中文表述)
T: Can you colour these flowers? (用形体表示colour的意思,并带学生边做动作边说colour这个单词)
S: Yes.
T: OK. But our old friends are colouring the flowers now. The first, let's look at them.
2. Watch PPT
3. Free talk and learn the words.
T: Who'd like to tell us what colour can you see?
S1: I can see blue. (此时,学生可能会回答,也可能不会回答。如果学生不会回答,可以要求学生说中文,教师出示相应的词卡并说英文。)
再如,学生在学习了一个话题下的一组词后,可以请学生及时表达自己的意愿。如学生在学习了房间的名称后,教师可以提问:What rooms do you have in your home? / What rooms are in your home? 学生根据自己的情况来回答这个问题,学生在回答的时候要举起相应的单词卡片,以检查学生所表达的音义是否相同。
在实践中我们看到,有时由于教材要求的词汇量比较大,学生很难在一节课里掌握所有词汇的音形义,这也不要紧,词汇的学习是有过程的,应该允许学生根据自己的能力选择掌握所学词汇的顺序,在学习结束的时候(比如一个单元或期中、期末)能够掌握所有的单词即可。如12个月份的单词的掌握,是比较难的,很多教师往往采取死记硬背的办法,增加了学生记忆的难度,如果我们让学生先表达自己生日的月份(My birthday is on ....),然后表达父母生日的月份(My father/mother's birthday is on ....),再表达亲戚们生日的月份等,这样不断扩大,学生就可以把12个月份记全了。