错用“YES”和“NO”,在英语对话里引起了许多误解。这两个词在答语中代表了整个句子。有时叫做“句词”。假设你的朋友问你,“Haven’t you finished your exercises yet?”你可能回答“Yes”或“No”,“Yes”代表“I have finished them.”“No”代表“I have not finished them.”显然不可能说,“Yes, I have not finished them.”也不能说,“No, I have finished them.” 这叫做答语要一致。在一般否定问句和反意问句的前半部是否定时,答语的“Yes”是“不”,“No”是“是的”的含义。“Yes”表示不赞同提问人,“No”表示赞同提问人。
例如Haven’t you finished your exercises?或You have’t finished your exercises, have you?
回答“Yes”,意思仍然是“Yes (不), I have finished them.”“No”意思仍然也是“No (是),I haven’t finished them.”
如果外国人问你,“Haven’t great changes taken place in your country since liberation?”(解放以来你们的国家没有发生巨大变化吗?)你应该理直气壮地回答“Yes”。(Yes, great changes have taken place in our country since liberation .(不,解放以来我们的国家发生了巨大变化)。外国人带有一种强烈感情意识想了解你或他人的情况时可用反意问句。例如:
Aren’t you proud of being a Chinese? / You aren’t proud of being a Chinese, are you? (难道你作为一个中国人不感到自豪吗?)你的回答是:Yes./ Yes, I’m.(我作为一个中国人而感到骄傲。)如果有意打听某人情况,如说:He isn’t a running dog, is he? /Isn’t he a running dog? Your answer may be “Yes, he is /No, he isn’t.”你的回答可能是“(不),他是一只走狗。(是),他不是走狗。”
(4)肯定句变否定句时,一些词语有不同搭配。在英语中一些词语习惯上只用于肯定句,而不在否定句中使用,若变成否定句式,要把这些词改成与其相对应的词。例如some → any,,too/also → either,and → or,very much → at all,already/still → yet,a long way → far,a lot → much,plenty of/lots of → much/many,等等。例如:
① I caught some birds. → I didn’t catch any birds.
② He can speak English too. → He can’t speak English either.
③ You have a lot of friends. → You don’t have many friends.
④ He sings and dances. → He never sings or dances.
用any的合成词作主语时,谓语不能用否定式。
Anything can be done here. → Nothing can be done here.