［误］ My teacher is a unknown man, but he is a very good man.
［正］ My teacher is an unknown man, but he is a very good man.
［析］ 要注意以u打头的单词，它的发音为［∧］时，单数名词前要用an，如uncle等。
［误］ There is a "f" in the word "football".
［正］ There is an "f" in the word "football".
［析］ 英文字母单独使用时，如其第一个发音是元音时，其前面的不定冠词应该用an而不是a.
［误］ I have a little brother. He is a 8-year-old boy.
［正］ I have a little brother. He is an 8-year-old boy.
［析］ 要注意这些字母的第一个发音为元音，如eight, eleven等。
2. able
［误］ This bike is able to be repaired.
［正］ This bike can be repaired.
［析］ be able to 主要表达某事或某人具有某种能力去作某事，应译为“有本领”“有能力”“可以”作某事，如：I'm able to swim across this river. 而can可以用来表示具有接受能力或吸收能力。如：This radio can be repaired here.
3. about
［误］ This class is about to begin just now.
［正］ This class is about to begin.
［析］ 要注意be about to 是“将要”的意思，含有将来时之意，不要与表示过去时的时间状语连用。另外，be about to 一般用作书面语，对应的口语是be going to.
about on
about与on都可以作“关于”讲，但却有所不同，例如：This book is about physics. 应译为“这是一本关于物理学的科普读物。”而：This book is on physics.则应译为“这是一本物理学方面的专著。”
4. above
［误］ The temperature is five degrees over zero.
［正］ The temperature is five degrees above zero.
［析］ 表达“在……上方”时，above与over是可以互换的，如：The sky is above (or over) our heads. 但是要表达在垂直方向上的上方时则应用above不可用over，如：The sun has risen above the horizon.
［误］ There is often thick cloud above the South of China in summer.
［正］ There is often thick cloud over the South of China in summer.
［析］ 当表达覆盖之意时，只可用over而不能用above.
［误］ There is a bridge above the river.
［正］ There is a bridge over the river.
［析］ 用来表达“从……上方越过”时不能用above只能用over，如：The plane flew over the city. 但要注意There is waterfall above the bridge. 则应译为“在桥的上游有一个瀑布。”
5. across
［误］ He ran across the wood.
［正］ He ran through the wood.
［析］ across是指某一动作在一平面内进行，而through则是指该动作在一三维立体空间的运动过程。如：The man came in through the window. He walked across the square.
across的主要用法有两个。其一，意为“对面”，如：There is a school just across the street. 其二，意为“横过”，如：He walked across the street.
6. afraid
［误］ I dont't afraid of him.
［正］ I am not afraid of him.
［析］ 要注意“害怕”afraid一词在英语中不是动词，而是形容词，要与be动词连用。
7. after
［误］ Two weeks after he left.
［正］ Two weeks later he left.
［正］ He left after two weeks.
［析］ 要表达“在多少时间之后”，英语中有两种表达法，即：用later时，要时间在前，如three hours later; 而用after时要时间在后，如after three hours.
［误］ My father will be back after a few hours.
［正］ My father will be back in a few hours.
［析］ 受中文的影响，这个介词常常被误用。当你要表达在一段时间内某个动作可以完成时，一定要用in，而不能用after，因为after是指在某一时间之后。例如：This work will be done in two days. 即表明在两天内这一工作一定会做完。而如用了after，即表示在两天之后，完成的时间是不确定的。
after behind
after多用于表示顺序的前后，如：She walked in the line after Tom. 或用来表示“追赶”，表示一种动态，如：He ran after Mary. 而behind多用于强调先进与落后，如：She is much behind the other girls in sewing. 或者用于表达“迟于”，如：The train was ten minutes behind the time table. 或者与表示静态的动词连用，如：She hid herself behind the flowers.
8. afternoon
［误］ He worked very hard in a hot afternoon.
［正］ He worked very hard on a hot afternoon.
［析］ 习惯用的词组in the afternoon, 如果加入任何修饰词后其前面的介词in都要改为on，不论其修饰词在前还是在后，如：He swam in this river on the afternoon of June lst. 又如：Are you free on Sunday afternoon?
9. against
［误］ He against me.
［正］ He is against me.
［析］ 要注意against意为“反对”，但它在英文中却不是动词，而是介词，如要讲反对某事或某人时则要加动词be, 如：He is against somebody / something.
against for
against意为“反对”、“不赞成”；而for则意为“同意”，为其反意词。如：Are you for or against the plan?
［误］ Our school is not in New York and Chicago, but in Boston.
［正］ Our school is not in New York or Chicago, but in Boston.
［析］ “和”这一概念在肯定句中应用and，但在否定句中则要用or
2. angry
［误］ My mother was angry to me.
［正］ My mother was angry with me.
［误］ He was angry with what I said.
［正］ He was angry at what I said.
［析］ 要注意be angry后面如果接人，表示“对某人生气不满”时应用be angry with somebody. 但要接事物时要用be angry at something.
3. another
［误］ I have two sisters, one in America and another in English.
［正］ I have two sisters, one in America and the other in English.
［析］ 要注意英语中another, other, the other, the others, others的不同用法，现分别说明如下：another作形容词其意为：泛指的另一个或再一个，别的，类似的。一般在句中作定语，如：This is not good enough, please show me another one. another还可以作为代词用，如：One student said："I want to play baseball." Another said: "I want to play football." other作形容词其意为“泛指其余的，别的”。如：I have other books besides these. 又如：Ask some other people please. the other则为特指，作形容词时其后面可接单数或复数名词，如：She has two flowers. One is white, the other one is yellow.（特指，单数）又如：There are fifty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students are girls.（特指，复数）但当the other作为代词时，它代表的可以是单数，也可以是复数，如：He has a book in one hand, and a pen in the other. （单数）又如：There are some people in the room. Four are girls, the other（复数）are boys. 要注意的是当the other作主语时，其后面的谓语动词要视具体情况而定，它可能是单数，也可能是复数。others则只能作代词，其意为other ones即为：泛指某些，某一部分人或物，如：Each of us must think of others. 而the others只能作为代词，它是特指某一些人或物，如：I know only one or two of the students; the others are unknown to me.
4. answer
［误］ Someone is knocking at the door. Please reply the door bell.
［正］ Someone is knocking at the door, Please answer the door bell.
［析］ answer与reply是近义词，作为及物动词用时有时二者是可以互换的，如：The student answered / replied that he wanted to watch TV. 但在某些特定场合则不易互换。作为应答之意时则多用answer，如：You should answer to your name. Please answer my letter as soon as possible. Answer my question in English.
5. any
［误］ Do you have some questions?
［正］ Do you have any questions?
［析］ some一般要用于肯定句，而any则用于否定句或疑问句。
［误］ China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
［正］ China is larger than any other country in Asia.
［析］ 要注意any other 其后要跟单数名词，但any of the other 其后要接复数名词。China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.
［误］ Here are some books; you can choose anyone of these.
［正］ Here are some books; you can choose any one of these.
［析］ anyone只能指人，而any one即可指人也可以指物。
6. around
［误］ The nine planets go around of the sun.
［正］ The nine planets go around the sun.
［析］ around后面不要再加介词，如：The sun shines all around us.
around round
作介词用的around与round通常可以互换，只不过美语常用around，而英语常用round，例如：You can see the post office round / around that corner. 绕过那个弯你就可以看到邮局。但是一定要区别它们的不同之处：round可以用作形容词、副词、介词、动词、名词；而around只能用作副词或介词。例如：The post office is just round (around) the house.（用作介词）He has round face.（用作形容词）The river rounded the stones.（用作动词）
7. arrive
［误］ I arrived Beijing the day before yesterday.
［正］ I arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday.
［正］ I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.
［误］ He arrived in the school at 11∶00.
［正］ He arrived at the school at 11∶00.
［析］ arrive为不及物动词，当到达的是较大的地理区域时用介词in，而到达较小的地方时则用at, 如：arrive in New York, arrive at the village.
arrive, reach, get
arrive如上所述是不及物动词，而reach则是及物动词。如：How did you reach the school this morning? 而get可用作不及物动词，作“到达”讲时其后面多与to连用。如：When did you get to New York?
8. as
［误］ This man works in the bank for a manager.
［正］ This man works in the bank as a manager.
［析］ as与for有时是可以通用的。如：This room is used as (for) a classroom. 但是用来指官衔、职位时只能用as.
［误］ My brother is so taller as Tom.
［正］ My brother is as tall as Tom.
［析］ as ... as之间只能用形容词与副词的原级，而不能用比较级。在否定句中可以用so ... as，也可以用as ... as，但在肯定句中只能用as ... as，如：He is not so tall as Tom.
［误］ I'll give him the note as soon as he will come.
［正］ I'll give him the note as soon as he comes.
［析］ as soon as所引导的状语从句中应使用一般时态表示将来。
9. ask
［误］ The student asked a question to the teacher.
［正］ The student asked the teacher a question.
［析］ ask应接双宾语，即ask somebody something.
［误］ They asked some books.
［正］ They asked for some books.
［析］向某人要求某物时应用ask somebody for something或ask for something from somebody, 如：He asked his mother for some money. 或He asked for some money from his mother.
10. asleep
［误］ He is deeply asleep.
［正］ He is fast asleep.
［析］要讲“熟睡”，就要用fast来修饰asleep。另外，在英语中一般不讲somebody is sleeping而要用asleep。关于睡觉这一词的惯用法还有：go to sleep（如：The old man usually goes to sleep at ten.），fall asleep（如：I fell asleep at English class yesterday.）
［析］at all和quite的汉语意思均为“全然”、“确定的”，但at all适用于否定句，例如：--- I'm sorry. I'm late.--- No trouble at all. 又如：I don't think it is right at all. 而quite则适用于肯定句，例如：He is quite a good teacher.
［误］The children play football for lunch.
［正］The children play football at lunch.
［析］英语中的at lunch为“在吃午饭时”。这种惯用法还有at work（在工作），at table（在吃饭），at desk（在学习）。而for lunch则是为午饭而准备的食物，又如：We had some milk for breakfast.
［误］There is a post office in the corner of the street.
［正］There is a post office at the corner of the street.
［析］at the corner是指墙外面的角，而in the corner是指建筑物内部的角落。例如：There is a computer in the corner of the room. There is a street lamp at the corner of the street.
at, in, on
在表示时间时用来表示具体钟点用at，如：He will be back at six. 表示一天的上、下午时要用in，如：I usually get up at six in the morning. 但要注意的是：in the morning和in the afternoon这两个词组中如果加入了任何修饰词，其介词要换为on，如：on the cold morning, on the hot afternoon.又如：See you on Monday morning. 如讲到具体的某一天，要用on, 如：on Sunday, 如：I usually want to visit my mother on Sundays. 在谈到周、月、季、年时要用in，如：All the children will be happy in Easter week. He was born in July. 但要注意在泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节时都用at, 如：Where are you going at Easter.
2. back
［误］I'm sorry. I have to back home.
［正］I'm sorry. I have to go back home.
［正］I'm sorry. I have to go home.
［析］back用作“回到（某处）”之意，不是动词。
3. be
［误］Where do you from?
［正］Where are you from?
［析］“你从何处来”应为Where are you from?或Where do you come from? 但要注意这两句话均是问对方从哪个国家来的。要是口语中问“你是从什么地方来?”应讲Where did you come from? 回答用I came from the library.
4. beat
［误］We have won your class.
［正］We have beaten your class.
［正］We have won the game.
［析］win是胜过之意，它是及物动词，但其后的宾语只能接比赛、战争、奖品、奖金的名称，如：Which team won the football match? 而beat指打败对手、敌人……如：My brother beat me at poker.（要注意的是，beat的过去式与原形相同，而过去分词为beaten）。
［误］The ball beat me badly.
［正］The ball hit me badly.
［误］He used to hit the little boy black and blue.
［正］He used to beat the little boy black and blue.
［析］beat指打击多次，而hit则为击中对方的一次性打击。
5. beautiful
［误］He is a beautiful boy.
［正］He is a handsome boy.
［析］我们可以讲She is a beautiful girl. This is a beautiful park. 但要讲男人的“英俊”时要用handsome.
6. because
［误］The reason why I was late is because I was ill.
［正］The reason why I was late is that I was ill.
［误］Because it was Sunday, so the park was crowded.
［正］Because it was Sunday the park was crowded.
［析］这种错误是因为中文的习惯与英语的表述法不同，中文常讲我来晚了的原因是因为我病了，而英文中的第二个因为要用that代替。又因中文常讲因为……所以……，而英文中用了因为就不能再用所以了，同样用了“所以”也就不要再用“因为”一词。例如：Because we study hard, we passed the exam easily. 或者：We study hard so we passed the exam easily.
because, because of
because后要接从句，例如：We like physics because we can learn a lot of new ideas. 而because of后要接名词作介词宾语，如：He is not at school because of the illness.
7. before
［误］We have two hours to kill before we will go home.
［正］We have two hours to kill before we go home.
［析］kill time意为“消磨时光”。
英语状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如：If it rains we will not go to the park.
［误］I did this work two days before.
［正］I did this work two days ago.
［析］用ago组成的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词要用过去时，而before引起的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词多用完成时，如：I has done this work a few days before.
before, long, long before
before long是“不久”之意，例如：I shall go to America before long. 而long before则是“很久很久”之意，如：We knew this teacher long before we saw him. （我们在看到这位老师之前很久就知道他了。）
8. begin
［误］The meeting will begin from Monday.
［正］The meeting will begin on Monday.
［误］The film has begun for ten minutes.
［正］The film has been on for ten minutes.
［析］begin是瞬间动词，所以它的完成时态不能接表示一段时间的状语，如：The film has begun. 这句话是对的，即“电影已经开始”。但要讲已经开始10分钟了则要用has been on即“上演了10分钟”。
begin, start
begin与start两词后面加不定式或动名词都可以，且意思并无区别，但在表达习惯时接动名词的用法较多，如：How old were you when you first started learning English?但这两个词的进行时态中则多用不定式，如：I was beginning to get hungry. 但如果句子的主语是物而不是人，则多用不定式，如：The ice began to melt. It started to get dark before we got to school. 当动词是表达某种心理状态时，要用不定式，如：The student began to understand his mistakes.
［误］They study hard in the class from the beginning to the end.
［正］They study hard in the class from beginning to end.
［析］from beginning to end是习惯用法，即自始至终，不要加冠词，但如单独使用则要加冠词，例如：At the beginning, the teacher gave us an exam.
9. behind
［误］He missed the class because he was behind the time.
［正］He missed the class because he was behind time.
［析］behind time一短语意为“晚了”，而behind the times意为“落后于时代”。behind是介词同时又是副词，如Come out from behind the door（介词）. He's a long way behind（副词）. He fell behind with his classmates（副词）.
10. below
［误］What's that below the chair.
［正］What's that under the chair.
［析］under意为“正下方”，而below意为“比……低”，或指“在下游”。如：There is a fall below the river. （河的下游有一个瀑布。）其反义词为over，如：There is a big plane flying over the city. 但在“下面的例子”一表达语中则要用the example below, 而不要用under.
beside意为“在……旁”，如：There is a tall tree beside the river. by多指“倚、靠”、“沿着”之意，如：She is standing by the window. near多用来表示两地间距离不远，如：There is a post office near our school.
2. better
［误］You had better to do it at home.
［正］You had better do it at home.
［误］You hadn't better wake me up at six.
［正］You had better not wake me up at six.
［析］had better在肯定句中为“应该作某事”，其后加不带to的不定式，而在否定句中应用had better + not + 动词原形。在简答语中had常省略为'd，如：You'd better not. 又如：Let's go first. No, we'd better not.
3. between
［误］Among the two trees there is a space of the feet.
［正］Between the two trees there is a space of the feet.
［析］两者之间多用between，三者或三者以上之间则用among.
［误］You must choose between this club or that club.
［正］You must choose between this club and that club.
［析］在两个之间作出选择要用between ... and ...，而不能用between ... or ...
4. big
［误］There was a big rain last night.
［正］There was a heavy rain last night.
［析］大雨在英语中只能用a heavy rain而不要用a big rain.
5. bit
［误］He is a bit fool.
［正］He is a bit of a fool.
［析］a bit可以作程度副词，与a little相同，但它用于名词前应用a bit of, 而用于形容词前则应用a bit，如：I'm a bit tired, 而其简答的否定句应为Not a bit,（一点儿也不。）又如：
--- Do you mind if I open the door?
--- Not a bit.
6. black
［误］The children became black after swimming in the sea.
［正］The children became sunburned after swimming in the sea.
［析］因太阳照晒而皮肤变黑，不应用black而应用sunburned, sun colour或dark.
7. hair
［误］The girl has black eyes and black hair.
［正］The girl has dark eyes and black hair.
［析］英语中black eyes的意思是被打得发青的眼睛。
［误］The Europeans like red tea.
［正］The Europeans like black tea.
［析］红茶在英文中应为black tea. 这种惯用法还有：black and blue（鼻青脸肿，青一块紫一块）；black and white（黑白电视片）。go black意为“在失去知觉时眼前一片黑暗”；look black意为“情况不妙，前景暗淡”。如：After the fight he was black and blue. On TV, I like colour for something and black and white for others.
8. body
［误］Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your body.
［正］Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your health.
［析］中文常讲对你身体有利，而英文中则讲对你健康有利。
9. borrow
［误］May I lend some books from the library?
［正］May I borrow some books from the library?
［误］How long can I borrow it?
［正］How long can I keep it?
［析］英语中有三个词都可译为“借”，但意义各不相同如：“借入”是borrow，其常用句型结构是borrow something from somebody，这是个瞬间性动词，不可与表示延续的时间状语连用。例如：The students want to borrow some books from the library. “借出”用lend，即借给别人东西。其常用句型是lend somebody something, 或lend something to somebody.例如：Could you lend us your dictionary?或Could you lend your dictionary to us? 它也是瞬间性动词，也不能与延续的时间状语连用。keep则是延续性动词，可以和表示长时间段的时间状语连用，也可与how long等疑问词连用，如：You can keep it for three days.
10. born (bear的过去分词)
［误］I born in Shanghai.
［正］I was born in Shanghai.
［误］He was born from Greek parents.
［正］He was born of Greek parents.
［析］“出身于……样的家庭”不要作from而要用of，例如：He was born of a poor family.
［析］both不能用于否定句中作主语。表示“两者都不”时要用neither；但作宾语时both与either则都对，但要注意句意有所不同。例如：I can not give both of the books to you.（我不能将两本书全给你。）而I can not give either of the books to you.（两本书中哪本书也不能给你。）
2. bring
［误］Please bring this dictionary to Mr Brown.
［正］Please take this dictionary to Mr Brown.
［误］Next time, please take your little sister here.
［正］Next time, please bring your little sister here.
［析］英语中bring是“带来”，而take是“带走”。还有一个词fetch, 表示“到某处去把某物取、接回来”。如：Please fetch the doctor at once.
3. business
［误］My father went to Shanghai for business.
［正］My father went to Shanghai on business.
［析］on business出差
4. busy
［误］The students were very busy to prepare for the exam.
［正］The students were very busy preparing for the exam.
［析］be busy doing something为“忙于作某事”。
［误］The students were busy for the exam.
［正］The students were busy with the exam.
［析］busy直接接名词时应用with。
5. but
［误］He couldn't help but realizing that he was wrong.
［正］He couldn't help but realize that he was wrong.
［误］She couldn't help to cry when she saw her mother.
［正］She couldn't help crying when she saw her mother.
［析］couldn't help其后应接动名词，表示情不自禁的动作，但couldn't help but后面要加动词原形即省to的不定式，所以前一句应译为“他才真正认识到他错了。”
6. buy
［误］I have bought this dictionary for three years.
［正］I have had this dictionary for three years.
［析］buy是截止性（即瞬间）动词，它可以有完成时，如：I have bought this dictionary. 但是不能与表示较长的时间状语连用。如要讲我这本字典已买了3年了则要用have had这一结构即我拥有这本字典已3年了。
7. by
［误］The boy shot the cat by a gun.
［正］The boy shot the cat with a gun.
［误］He came to school by a taxi this morning.
［正］He came to school by taxi this morning.
［析］作为某种运输手段来讲，by与名词间不能有冠词，如：by car，by bike，by air等。如有了冠词或其他修饰词，则应用别的相应的介词，如：“我们今天早上是乘他的车来的”一句应译为：We came here in his car this morning. 与by结合而成的词组很多，常用的有：by the way顺便说说；by hand手工制作；by oneself独自地；by no means决不。
8. call
［误］I'll call at Mr Brown.
［正］I'll call on Mr Brown.
［误］I'll call on Mr Brown's home.
［正］I'll call at Mr Brown's home.
［析］作“拜访”讲时，at后面接访问地点，而on后面接访问的人。
call on, drop in, visit
call on比较正式的为公务的访问，如：We were called on by the old students. 而drop in则是比较随便的走走，顺便拜访，如：If you're free, drop in. 而visit则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来，如：My school's headmaster will visit America next week.
9. can
［误］A blind man can not judge colours.
［正］A blind man cannot judge colours.
［误］I cann't call for you at ten.
［正］I can't call for you at ten.
［析］can的否定形式应为cannot或can't.
［误］It's only six o'clock. That mustn't be the postman.
［正］It's only six o'clock. That can't be the postman.
［析］ must用来表示一种肯定的推断，如：She must have some problems. She keeps crying. 但在否定句中则要用can't，要表示对过去的推测则要用“must + have +过去分词”的表达法，如：The lights have gone out. A fuse must have blown. 而对过去的否定推测则多用“can't + have + 过去分词”，如：I don't think he can have heard you. Call again.
［误］We could not help to laugh at once.
［正］We could not help laughing at once.
［正］We could not help but laugh at once.
［析］ “couldn't help + 动名词”表示禁不住做了某事。但could not help but与could not but后面要加不带to的不定式，意思都是不得不去做某事.如：You could not (help) but respect him.
can, be able to
can与be able to都可以用来表示能力，但can只有现在时与过去时，be able to则可用任何时态，如：He will be able to teach the child. 但要表示经过努力而达到的一次性动作则只能用be able to，如：He finally was able to jump over 210 meters. 或：The plane was able to fly over the mountain. 但要注意的是这两个词都没有进行时态，而be able to后面不接不定式的被动态。
can, could
can与could都可以用在现在时的口语中，只是用could更为礼貌，语气更委婉。如：Could you tell us a story?
10. care
［误］I don't care coffee.
［正］I don't care for coffee.
［误］Take care for your steps.
［正］Take care of your steps.
［析］ care for是“对某物感兴趣”，而care of是“关心，要当心某事”，如：She didn't care for him. Take care of what you are doing.
［误］I don't care where we will go if it doesn't rain.
［正］I don't care where we go if it doesn't rain.
［析］在it doesn't matter，I don't care，I don't mind，及in case引出的状语从句后面要用现在时表示将来。如：I've got a football in case we have time for a game.
shut与close是同义词，如close the door或shut the door. 但要讲把某人关在门外时则只能用shut somebody out而不能用close，因shut语气较强，并含有隔离之意。而turn off是指关上电视、电灯、煤气之类，有切断之意。
8. cloth
［误］The children wear very good cloth to go to school.
［正］The children wear very good clothes to go to school.
［误］I need a lot of clothing. I'm going to make a new cloth.
［正］I need a lot of cloth. I'm going to make a new dress.
［析］cloth是“布”、“布料”，没有复数形式。一块布料是a piece of cloth，而clothes统指衣服，是复数名词，“一套衣服”要讲a suit of clothes，如果是“一件件衣服”应讲shirt，dress，sweater等。而clothing是衣物的总称，是不可数名词。例如：This clothing is needed in warm countries. Her clothes are made of fine cloth. 英语中的dress是指比较正式的服装，如a school dress（校服），a student dress（学生套装），a working dress（工作服）。
9. coffee
［误］Please give me two waters.
［正］Please give me two coffees.
［正］Please give me two cups of water.
［析］虽然coffee，water，tea等都是物质名词，但是只有coffee可用coffees取代若干杯coffee，而其他的却不行，其前要加a cup of或a glass of.
10. colour (color)
［误］Colours of flowers are red, yellow and white.
［正］Flowers are red, yellow and white.
［析］中文的“花的颜色有红色、黄色和白色”，若译为英文Colours of flowers are ...，就显得重复了。
［误］I came across with an old friend in the street yesterday.
［正］I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.
［析］ come across是“偶然碰见、遇见”，要直接加宾语，如：I've just come across a beautiful poem in this magazine.
［误］A: Where do you come from? B: I come from the station.
［正］A: Where did you come from? B: I came from the station.
［正］A: Where do you come from? B: I come from China.
［析］ Where do you come from?意为“你是什么地方的人?”而Where did you come from?则是“你从何处来?”
［误］The stars are coming out from the cloud.
［正］The stars are coming out of the cloud.
［析］come out of意为“从……地方出来”。
come in, come into, enter
come in与come into的意义相同，但come into后面要加宾语，而come in后面不用宾语。如I found someone came into my room. The door opened and the child came in.
enter常作为及物动词使用，如：The bus entered the English tunnel.
2. congratulate
［误］I want to congratulate you for your success with all my heart.
［正］I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.
［析］动词congratulate somebody on something是“向某人祝贺某事”。其名词congratulation在用时一般要用复数，如：I offered him my congratulations on his success.又如：Congratulations!
3. cook
［误］My father is a good cooker.
［正］My father is a good cook.
［析］很多动词加上er则变为执行该动作的一种人，如work --- worker, teach --- teacher. 但cook即是动词“做饭”，同时名词也是“厨师”。而cooker则是“厨具”、“炊具”之意。如：I will cook the dinner. I bought a good press cooker（高压锅）。
4. corner
［误］There is a post office in the corner of the street.
［正］There is a post office at the corner of the street.
［误］A girl sat at the corner of the room.
［正］A girl sat in the corner of the room.
［析］ in the corner是在建筑物内部的角上，而at the corner是在外部的角上，如：There is a big tree at the corner of the building.
5. cost
［误］I cost ten dollars for the book.
［正］I spent ten dollars on the book.
［误］I cost two hours to do my homework.
［正］It took me two hours to do my homework.
［析］cost，spend，take都可以作“花费”讲，但用法不同。cost的用法是“something + cost + somebody + 时间或金钱”，如：The book cost me ten dollars. spend的用法是“somebody + spend + 时间 + (in)doing something”，如：I spent two hours (in) writing this book. 或“somebody + spend + 金钱 + on something”，如：I spend two dollars on this book. 而take的用法则要用逻辑主语it：“It + takes + somebody + 时间 + to do something”, 如：It took me an hour to clean the classroom.
［析］但作为“国家”讲时则可有单、复数形式，例如：Japan is an Asian country. Japan, China, and India are Asian countries.另外，country一般指的是地理概念上的国家，如：New Zealand is an agricultural country. 而nation多指民族组成的国家，如：The Chinese nation（中华民族）。state多侧重于政权方面的区域、国家范围，如：the state farm（国营农场）。
7. cross
［误］There are traffic lights at the cross.
［正］There are traffic lights at the crossing.
［析］cross作为名词讲时是十字架、十字形的东西，如：Red Cross（红十字会）。
［误］The little boy is going to across the street.
［正］The little boy is going to cross the street.
［析］across是副词或介词，但不能作动词用。
cross, pass
cross是指横过某地，如：He crossed the square. 而pass则强调从某物体旁经过，如：I mailed some letters when I passed the post office.
8. crowd
［误］The room soon was crowded by people.
［正］The room soon was crowded with people.
［析］crowded在这句话中应作为形容词，所以这句话不是被动语态而是系表结构，如：The room was crowded with books.
9. cup
［误］A silver glass was given to the winner.
［正］A silver cup was given to the winner.
［误］My mother was looking for the whisky cup.
［正］My mother was looking for the whisky glass.
［析］glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿，而cup多指用陶瓷或金属制成的杯子，且cup尤其用在奖杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子，如我们讲I drink a glass of wine at supper. 而不讲I drink a cup of wine at supper.
10. dance
［误］We'll invite you and your wife to a dance party.
［正］We'll invite you and your wife to a dancing party.
［正］We'll invite you and your wife to a dance.
［正］We'll invite you and your wife to a ball.（美语中常用ball作为舞会。）
［析］dress作及物动词当“穿衣服”讲时，其后不能接衣服而只能接人，如：The boy is still too young to dress himself. 但作为一种穿着打扮的状态时，则多用其过去分词作形容词，如：He is not dressed in his new suit.或She is dressed in red. 词组dress up是过节日时应服装整齐，如：They dressed up for the holiday.
dress, have on, put on, wear
要区别这几个动词需分清是表示动作的动词还是表示状态的动词。表示状态的动词是have on和wear, 如：He has on a white coat. He was wearing heavy shoes. 而put on则表示穿衣的动作，如：Put on your coat, it is cold outside.而dress既可以作状态又可以作动作，作动作讲时其后面接人而不能接衣服，作穿着状态时则多用dressed的形式。如：I saw a lady dressed in red. I saw a girl dressing herself.
2. drop
［误］The students fell their voice.
［正］The students dropped their voice.
［析］drop与fall都可以表示“落下、掉下”之意，有时可以互换，如：The dictionary fell (dropped) from the table. 但drop还可以作及物动词，而fall一般只能作不及物动词。
［误］I shall drop in you.
［正］I shall drop in on you.
［析］drop in是随便拜访某人，而其后要接人时应加介词on再加人称。
3. during
［误］During I was sick, I couldn't eat well.
［正］While I was sick, I couldn't eat well.
［析］during后不能接从句，而when和while后可接从句。
［误］I have been studying English during three days.
［误］The manager comes to America almost each month.
［正］The manager comes to America almost every month.
［析］each与every都作形容词讲时，都有“每个”之意，但有不同。each多指个体，而every则多指整体。如：We want every student to succeed. each不同来表达总体概念，所以不能与almost, nearly, likely等词连用。
［误］We each has a book.
［正］We each have a book.
［析］each 作同位语时，其数应与其同位的名词相同，而each作主语时则应取其单数形式。
each other, one another
each other与one another这两个词组的区别在很多。语法书中强调each other是两者之间，而one another是多者之间，其实不然，如：All students must care for each other, must love and help each other. 事实上这两个词组是同义的，如果要讲有什么区别的话，当我们非常笼统地谈，而不特指什么人时，多用one another.
［析］on earth这一词组在句中为的是加强语气，其意为“究竟”、“到底”。而作为“地球”讲时则要加定冠词，如：How far is the earth from the moon. 而作为“泥土”讲时则为不可数名词，如：He filled the pot with earth and wanted to plant some flowers.
7. easy
［误］You can easy imagine my surprise.
［正］You can easily imagine my surprise.
［析］easy只在有限的词组中被用作副词，如take it easy（不要紧张），go easy, stand easy等。例如：Easy come, easy go.（钱来得容易花得也快。）Easier said than done.（说的容易做着难。）
8. east
［误］Japan is on the east of China.
［正］Japan is to the east of China.
［析］在讲述地理位置时，有3个介词常用，它们是in, on和to, 其中in表示处于所表达的范围之内，如：Shanghai is in the east of China. on则表示双方接壤，如：North Korea is on the northeast of China. 而表示互不相接的两部分时则用to, 如：Taiwan is to the east of Fujian.
9. either
［误］--- I don't like opera.
--- I don't like too.
［正］--- I don't like opera.
--- I don't like either.
［析］在否定句中用either表示“也”，而在肯定句中用too表示“也”。
［误］Either you or I are right.
［正］Either you or I am right.
［析］这在语法书中被称作就近原则，即哪个主语离谓语动词近，则应采用与哪个主语相一致的谓语动词，相同用法的还有neither ... nor ...，not only ... but also ...，以及or在连接两个主语时。如：You or he is to go home. The others will have to stay in the classroom.
10. elder
［误］My older brother has gone to Shanghai.
［正］My elder brother has gone to Shanghai.
［析］在表示兄姐的长幼时应用elder表示“哥哥姐姐”，如：my elder sister 姐姐，但表示岁数时则多用older，如：She is two years older than I.
［析］empty是指空洞的没有任何物体，如：The house was empty. 其意思是没有任何家具或屋内无人。但座位是否有人坐应用take.
2. English
［误］My sister studied English language very well.
［正］My sister studied the English language very well.
［正］My sister studied English very well.
［析］在泛指某一种学科时，不应加冠词，如：I like history.但如特指某一门学科时则应加冠词，如：He likes the history of America.
3. enjoy
［误］I enjoy to play football.
［正］I enjoy playing football.
［析］enjoy后要接动名词，而不接不定式。
［误］Did you enjoy at the English evening?
［正］Did you enjoy yourself at the English evening?
4. enough
［误］I'm sorry. You are not studying enough carefully.
［正］I'm sorry. You are not studying carefully enough.
［析］enough要用在形容词或副词之后。
［误］Do you have enough of money?
［正］Do you have enough money?
［正］Do you have enough of the money?
［误］The coffee isn't enough.
［正］There isn't enough coffee.
［析］enough可以作be动词的表语，但其主语应是代词，如：That's enough. It was enough.如果是名词时应换用上面的句型。
5. entrance
［误］The entrance of the cinema is on your right.
［正］The entrance to the cinema is on your right.
［析］在表示通往某处时entrance后面多用to作介词。这样的用法还有key to the door, answer to the question等。
6. evening
［误］I walked home in a cold evening.
［正］I walked home on a cold evening.
［析］in the evening这一词组如加上另外的修饰词则其介词应换为on.
7. everyone
［误］Everyone of you goes to class.
［正］Every one of you goes to class.
［析］everyone其后不能接of结构。在否定句中如果要讲“每一个人都没有注意到它”，就译作：Nobody noticed it. 要注意Every one of us is not right. 应译为“我们不都对。”而None of us are right. 才应译为“我们全错了。”
8. exam
［误］We take part in an exam.
［正］We take an exam.
［析］take part in为“参加”某种活动，运动，而在学科中选择某一学科学习并进行考试应用take.
9. except
［误］The room is clean except two desks.
［正］The room is clean except for two desks.
［误］I come here every day except for Sunday.
［正］I come here every day except Sunday.
［析］在同一类物体中排除某一部分用except, 在不同类物体中排除某一物体时用except for. 而except that其后接从句，如：She is a good girl except that she is careless sometimes. 而besides则是“包括在内”，如“我学习英语同时还学法语。”应译为：I study English besides French.
10. exercise
［误］The students exercise spoken English in the morning.
［正］The students practise spoken English in the morning.
［析］exercise多指运动、训练，而practise则多指把理论付诸于实践的练习。
［误］Everyone should do exercises every day.
［正］Everyone should do exercise every day.
［析］作为运动讲exercise是不可数名词，而当“练习”、“体操”、“早操”则是可数名词，例如：I do a lot exercises in the P.E. class.
11. fail
［误］Tom failed his exam.
［正］Tom failed in his exam.
［正］Tom failed to pass the exam.
［析］fail为不及物动词，其后可用in加名词，或直接接不定式。
12. family
［误］I'm sorry I have to go. Tom's families are waiting for me.
［误］I'm sorry I have to go. Tom's family is waiting for me.
［正］I'm sorry I have to go. Tom's family are waiting for me.
［析］family是集合名词，把它当作整体看它是单数，如看作家庭中的每个成员则为复数。如：Your family are very kind to me. My family is very large.
13. far
［误］My school is ten miles far from here.
［正］My school is ten miles away from here.
［析］far一般不与实际距离连用。
［误］--- "Did you walk far?" --- "Yes, I walked far."
［正］--- "Did you walk far?" --- "Yes, I walked a long way."
［析］一般肯定句中不用far单独作状语，而用a long way. far组成的常用词组有：as far as. （1）远至，一直到。如：He walked as far as the station. （2）就……而言。如：As far as he was concerned these books were very good. （3）只要。如：I can help you as far as I can. so for到目前为止。例：He is very well so far.
farther, further
far有两个比较级，即farther和further，其意思略有不同：farther主要用于表示距离的远近，如：Milan is farther away than Rome. 而further则是指“进一步的”，如：Will we need any further discussion on this matter.
14. fast
［误］A fast train runs fastly.
［正］A fast train runs fast.
［析］fast其形容词与副词形式相同。
fast, soon
fast指行动本身的速度快，如：The foreigner speaks too fast. 而soon则多指两个动作之间间隔短，时间到来的迅速，如：She will come soon.
［误］He is a famous scientist on the field of physics.
［正］He is a famous scientist in the field of physics.
［析］in the field是“在田野上”或是“在某一学科领域内”，而on the field则多指“在战场上”。如：He lost his life on the battle field.
3. fill
［误］She filled orange into my glass.
［正］She filled my glass with orange.
［析］表示要用某种物品装满某容器时要用fill with词组，如：The boy ran back home filled with joy.
fill, full
fill是动词，但有及物与不及物两种用法，当表示“充满”之意时是不及物动词，应用fill with，如：The little girl's eyes filled with tears. 而当表示“使……装满某物”时，是及物动词，如：He filled his pocket with books. 而be filled with应看作系表结构，如：The boy's mother was filled with anger. full是形容词，要用be full of这一词组，如：The boy was full of joy.
［析］此句应译为中文“无风不起浪”。fire作为物质名词“火”讲时为不可数名词，而作为“炉火”、“火灾”讲则是可数名词，如：There was a fire in the next street last month. 如要讲“着火了”要用be on fire, 如：The factory was on fire.
［误］Please don't forget posting my letter on your way home.
［正］Please don't forget to post my letter on your way home.
［析］要注意forget to do something为“忘了去作某事”，而forget doing something则应译为“对已经作过的事记不起来了”。如：He forget returning the book to the library. 应译为“他忘记已把书还给图书馆这件事了。”同样用法的词还有remember和regret.
3. free
［误］You can speak free in front of my parents.
［正］You can speak freely in front of my parents.
［析］free作为副词时意为“免费”、“不必付款”，如：You can eat free in my restaurant. 而freely则意为“自由地”、“无限制地”。
4. French
［误］She comes from French.
［正］She comes from France.
［析］French是“法语”、“法国的”，而France才是“法国”。
5. friend
［误］He nodded to me friendly.
［正］He nodded to me in a friendly fashion.
［析］friendly是形容词，不是副词。在英语中应避免讲He is a friend of my mother. 又比如：I go to school with my friend. 从语法上讲是对的但不是习惯上英语的说法。而应讲He is a friend of my mother's. I go to school with a friend. be friends with 则是“交朋友”之意，例如：I hope you will be friends with me. 而不应讲I hope you will be my friend. 交朋友还有一惯用法是make friends.
6. from
［误］Where do you come from? I come from the library.
［正］Where do you come from? I come from England.
［正］Where did you come from? I came from the library.
［析］Where do you come from?应意为“你是从什么国家（地方）来的?”（即意为“你是哪的人?”）而Where did you come from?才是“你刚刚从哪来?”
7. front
［误］There are three tall trees in the front of my house.
［正］There are three tall trees in front of my house.
［析］in front of是某物体外部的前面，而in the front of是在某物体内部的前面。如：The bus driver is seated in the front of the bus.
8. game
［误］He went to America to take part in the Olympic Game.
［正］He went to America to take part in the Olympic Games.
［析］game作为“运动会”讲时应用其复数形式，而具体一个游戏则可用其单数形式。如：Our school team won the game.
［析］“半小时”有两种讲法：half an hour, a half hour. 而“一个半小时”应讲an hour and a half或one and a half hours.“半天”应讲half a day，“半镑”应讲half a pound.但要尽量避免使用half a year，而应用six months；不用half a month, 而用two weeks或fifteen days.
［误］Half us could go to the park.
［正］Half of us could go to the park.
［析］half用于名词前可用of结构也可不用of结构，但用于代词前则必须加of. 如：More than half (of) my classmates are boys.
［析］hear somebody do something这一句式用于被动语态时要把原来省略的不定式to还原回来。而在hear somebody doing something这一句式中则不会出现上述问题。如，主动态：I heard her singing in the next room. 变为被动态时为：She was heard singing in the next room. 这种用法还适用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to等。
hear, listen to
hear一词为听见了什么，或听到什么，强调其结果；而listen to则强调有意要听，听的倾向。如：I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.
但词组hear about (of)则为“听说过”之意，如：I heard about this.（我听说过此事。）而hear from则为“收到某人信件”之意：I often hear from my girl friend.
2. help
［误］Please help my homework.
［正］Please help me do my homework.
［正］Please help me with my homework.
［析］help其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意为“帮某人作某事”，但在较古老的语法中不带to的不定式表示句子的主语参加这个动作，如：He helps his mother cook the meal. 即“他和母亲一起做饭。”而He helps me to do my homework. 则是“他指导我做作业”。但在现代英语中这个区别则往往被取消了。所以带to与不带to的不定式在句中意思相同，并无区别。
［误］When I read the play I can't help to think of my childhood.
［正］When I read the play I can't help thinking of my childhood.
［析］can't help doing something是“身不由己，情不自禁做某事”。
［误］Help yourself with some cakes.
［正］Help yourself to some cakes.
［析］中文中讲“你自己拿蛋糕吃”，英文中要用help somebody to something.
3. here
［误］Here the bus comes!
［正］Here comes the bus!
［析］副词在句首时一般要用倒装语序，即谓语动词的位置前移。但是，若主语是人称代词，则还是要用正常语序，如：Here we are!
4. high
［误］He is very high.
［正］He is very tall.
［析］英语中的两个“高”，即high和tall，其中tall指人指物都是可以的，但high则只指物体的高，所以可以讲This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用来指山脉的高低。
5. hit
［误］The mother got angry and hit the boy.
［正］The mother got angry and beat the boy.
［析］hit指打到某物之上，一般指一次性打击，如He hit his head against the wall.（他把头撞到了墙上。）而beat则指多次性的打击。
6. home
［误］I'm tired. It's time I went to home.
［正］I'm tired. It's time I went home.
［析］ home此处用作副词，所以不应加to，又如：I arrived home at eleven thirty yesterday evening.而at home除了“在家”之意外，还有像“在家里一样”之意。如Make yourself at home.（不要拘束就像在家一样。）
home,house, family
home是指与亲人一起居住的地方，可以讲a letter from home，所以有人解释home包括住处和家人。而house的侧重点则在建筑物，如Many new houses were built this year. family一词，作为整体讲其谓语动词用单数，如：Her family is a happy one.而作为家庭成员讲时要用复数谓语动词，如：My family are all like swimming.
7. homework
［误］I have so many homework to do today.
［正］I have so much homework to do today.
［析］homework为不可数名词。同样的词还有work（work作为“著作”“作品”“工厂”讲时为可数名词），fun, health information等。
8. hope
［误］I hope you to be a good student.
［正］I hope you will be a good student.
［析］hope一词不能接宾语再加上宾语补足语，但它可以接不定式作宾语，如：I hope to be a scientist.而wish却可以接宾语加宾语补足语，如：I wish you to be a good student.
［误］I don't hope you will go to the park tomorrow.
［正］I hope you won't go to the park tomorrow.
［析］hope 和think在否定句中的用法不同，如“我认为你错了”。应译为：I don't think you are right.即否定在前。而hope则不能这样用。又如在答语中“我不这样认为”应译为I don't think so.或I hope not.
［析］ in hospital为“住院就医”。而in (at) the hospital 为“在医院（工作）”。如：He is a doctor in (at) the hospital.类似的用法还有很多，如：“上学”为go to school，at school为“在校就读”，go to bed为“上床睡觉”。
10. how
［误］I want to know how to do.
［正］I want to know how to do it.
［析］how 是关联副词，要注意与关联代词的不同用法。如：I want to know what to do.
［误］How do you think about it?
［正］What do you think about it?
［析］英文中表达你对某事的看法如何应用What do you think about … 这一句式。
［析］在in the morning或 in the afternoon词组中，不论在这两个名词的前或后加任何修饰词，其介词in都要变为on.
［误］I will finish it after two days.
［正］I will finish it in two days.
［析］中文中几天以后可以完成，或几天后来取，在译为英文时都不要用after，而要用in. 如：He will be back in a few days.
4. instead
［误］The boy stayed in bed all day instead to go to school.
［正］The boy stayed in bed all day instead of going to school.
［析］ instead of其后要接动名词、名词或代词，而不能用不定式，如： I choose this book instead of that one.
［误］The beer here is not good, so I drink wine instead of it.
［正］The beer here is not good, so I drink wine instead.
［析］ instead是副词，而instead of是介词短语。如：If you are not free, you may come another day instead.
5. interest
［误］He has a great interest for physics.
［正］He has a great interest in physics.
［误］He has some interest in many companies.
［正］He has some interests in many companies.
［析］ interest作为“兴趣”讲可用作不可数名词，但作为“利息”“股份”讲时为可数名词。
［误］This is an interested book.
［正］This is an interesting book.
［析］修饰物时应用interesting, 如：an interesting film，而讲某人对某事感兴趣时要用过去分词interested，如：I'm interested in this play. 但“他是一个十分有趣的人”。应译为He is an interesting man. 所以interesting 是“令人感兴趣”之意，而interested则表示某人对某事物感兴趣，多用“be interested in something”这一句型。
6. invent
［误］America was invented by Christopher Columbus in 1492.
［正］America was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492.
［析］ invent意为“发明”即从无到有，如： Compass was invented by the Chinese people. 而discover则意为“发现”。
7. it
［误］That takes me ten years to finish this work.
［正］It takes me ten years to finish this work.
［析］it在这个句中的语法作用是形式主语，而真正的主语是句子后面的不定式。有的句子要用it作形式主语或形式宾语，如：I think it difficult to learn English well.
8. join
［误］Did you attend the football club?
［正］Did you join the football club?
［析］join经常用于参加某个团体、政党，并作为其中的一个成员；attend则重点强调出会议、到场，而不一定进行具体活动，如： Did you attend the meeting yesterday?而take part in则强调参与某些具体活动或运动，如：I take part in the football game.
9. just
［误］I have finished my work just now.
［正］I finished my work just now.
［析］just now意为“刚才”，所以句中的谓语动词要用过去式。
［误］Just I won the game.
［正］I just won the game.
［析］ just单独使用时不应放在句首，而应放于① be动词之后，如：He is just a student.② 名词与一般动词之间。③用在第一助动词之后，如：I have just returned home. 但just与其他词组成词组时，如just now, just then, 则可用于句首和句尾。如：Just then he saw the bus coming.
10. keep
［误］She was keeping something to her father.
［正］She was keeping something from her father.
［析］“对某人隐瞒某事”要用“keep something from somebody”句型。
［误］He kept to repeat the word again and again.
［正］He kept repeating the word again and again.
［析］keep doing something为连续不断地做某事。有时可以与keep on doing something互换。它们的区别在于keep doing something意为该动作一直不停地在进行中，如：When the train started, she kept waving her hand. 而keep on doing something则表示该动作可能停顿但却一直在进行中，如：He kept on making the same mistakes in grammar.
［误］We must keep up the times.
［正］We must keep up with the times.
［析］这句话意为“我们必须赶上时代”，keep up with是“赶上”之意，而keep up则是“坚持下去”的意思，如：Keep it up, don't stop now!
11. key
［误］I lost the key of the door.
［正］I lost the key to the door.
［析］英语中讲某某的东西一般要用of，而key, entrance, answer则多用to，如：“门的钥匙”为key to the door, “高速公路入口”为entrance to the highway, “问题的答案”为the answer (key) to the question.
12. kind
［误］This kind of books are not good.
［正］This kind of books is not good.
［析］kind在这种句式中应作为主语，如果讲Those kinds of books are very good. 则是正确的。
kind, sort, type
kind和sort为同义词，意为“种类”，而type则为“型号”，如：What type of this car do you want?（你想要这种车的什么型号？）
13. knock
［误］Someone was knocking the door.
［正］Someone was knocking at the door.
［析］knock 虽可以作及物动词，如：The car knocked a hole in the fence. 但作“敲门”讲一定要用作不及物动词：knock at (on) the door.
14. know
［误］I want to know to play this game.
［正］I want to know how to play this game.
［析］ 要注意英语中在不定式前加疑问代词或疑问副词的用法。如：I want to know how to do it / what to do / when to do it / where to go.
know, know of
I know him.为“我很了解他。”而I know of him. 则为“我听说过他。”同样的用法还有hear和hear of这一词组。
15. large
［误］He found a large number of mistake in his homework.
［正］He found a large number of mistakes in his homework.
［析］当谈到与目前有关的上月、上星期等概念时只能用last month, last week, 而不能加定冠词，the last可用于表示一系列词的最后一个，如：That was the last Christmas I spent at home. 但the last可以用来表示持续到现在的一个长时期，如：I am busy for the last week.
2. late
［误］Yesterday I went home lately.
［正］Yesterday I went home late.
［析］late既可作形容词又可作副词；而lately则意为“最近的”，如：I haven't seen her lately.
late, latter, later, lately
late有两个比较级，指时间较晚应用later，如口语中常讲：See you later.（一会见。）而latter则指按顺序讲的后者，或靠后的，其反意词为former，如：the former president（前总统）。又如：I can understand the latter part of the story. 而lately则意为“近来”、“不久前”。
3. lay
［误］We lied on the beach.
［正］We lay on the beach.
［析］英文中有三个动词易混，在考试中也频频出现，它们的现在式、过去式、过去分词以及现在分词是：
lay ( vt. 放) laid, laid, laying
lie ( vi. 躺) lay, lain cying
lie ( vi. .说谎) lied lied lying
4. learn
［误］The teacher said: "You must study this poem by heart."
［正］The teacher said: "You must learn this poem by heart."
［析］study与learn在作“学习”讲时，常常可以互换，但learn侧重于学习成果或初级阶段的模仿性学习，如：The little baby is learning to walk. 而study则多侧重于学习的过程，如：I'm studying at this college. 而learn … by heart则是“记住”、“背诵”之意。
5. leave
［误］I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai.
［正］I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.
［析］leave for一词组为“去某地”，如对话中常讲I'll leave for Shanghai. 因所离开的地点是双方都知道的则可以省略。
leave, forget
［误］I've forgotten my homework at home.
［正］I've forgotten my homework.
［正］I've left my homework at home.
［析］如果句中有地点状语则不要用forget, 而要用leave.
6. lesson
［误］I have two lessons of English.
［正］I have two English lessons.
［正］I have two lessons in English.
［析］“我有两节英语课。”这一表达法如上，但美国老师讲他有两节课时则多用“I have two classes.”teach somebody a lesson 为“教训某人”，或“要吸取教训”，如：Let this thing teaches you a lesson.
7. lend
［误］Please borrow me your bike.
［正］Please lend me your bike.
［析］borrow是指“借入”，如：I want to borrow some books from the library. lend 是“借出”，如：I can lend you my bike. 而keep为“借多久”，如 How long can I keep it?
［析］Let's go的反意疑问句是shall we?而Let us go的反意疑问句则是will you?
10. life
［误］Many people lost their life in the Second World War.
［正］Many People lost their lives in the Second World War.
［析］ life作为“生命”、“性命”时应为可数名词；当泛指一般“生活”讲时则为不可数名词，如：Which do you prefer, town life or country life? 又如：Life is not all fun.
11. light
［误］There is a desk with a lit lamp on it.
［正］There is a desk with a lighted lamp on it.
［析］light有两个过去分词：lighted和lit，当用过去分词作形容词当定语时只能用lighted. light 可以用作名词，如：The moon gets its light from the sun. 也可以作形容词，如：The classroom is very light. 还可以作动词，如：The little girl lit a match. 作形容词时还有“轻”、“浅”等意，如：This box is light. I like light blue.
12. like
［误］My sister is very as me.
［正］My sister is very like me.
［析］ as 作为连词其后要接从句，如： She is a good student as his brother used to be. 而like是介词，其后接宾语。
［误］Do you like swimming with me tonight?
［正］Would you like to swim with me tonight?
［析］like作为动词当“喜欢”讲时，其后面可接不定式也可接动名词，用不定式多表达一个一次性的动作，如：I'm sorry I don't like to go swimming tonight. 用动名词则表示一个习惯性的动作，如：I like swimming very much.
like, alike
作为形容词，alike一般不作定语，而只作表语，如；The twins are very alike.
［误］Would you like swimming with us?
［正］Would you like to swim with us?
［析］在would you like … 这一句型中，其后面只能接不定式，而不能接动名词。like的用法还要注意以下两点：① He likes Tom. 为“他喜欢汤姆。”② He is like Tom. 为“他像汤姆。”第二句话的like为介词，而第一句话的like为动词。
13. listen
［误］You should hear the teahcer's advice.
［正］You should listen to the teacher's advice.
［析］hear多侧重于听到某事或某种声音，而listen to则侧重于听的倾向性。如： We listen but hear nothing. 例句为“听取某人意见”，所以只能用listen to someone's advice.
little与small是近义词，在作定语时常常可以互换，如：a little girl或a small girl, 但little一般不作表语，如：The car over there is small. 一句中不要用little. 作定语时little常常带有感情色彩，而small则带有对比的含义。
15. live
［误］Tom lives with his parents' money.
［正］Tom lives on his parents' money.
［误］He lives on teaching.
［正］He lives by teaching.
［析］“靠吃某物为生”应用live on something, 而live by是“靠某种生活手段为生”。
living, alive
living侧重于生活得很好，身体不错，如：My grandfather is still living in his eighties. 而alive则强调没有死而是活着的，如：Is that cat alive or dead?
［析］lonely意为“寂寞的”、“孤单的”，如：The old man felt lonely. alone则意为“独自的”、“单独的”，如：He lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely.
2. long
［误］I have been studying long for the exam.
［正］I have been studying for a long time for the exam.
［析］long用作表达时间的副词时，在否定句及疑问句中最常用，但在肯定句中除与so, too, as ... as连用外，一般要用for a long time.
［误］I'll call you as long as the book will be returned.
［正］I'll call you as long as the book is returned.
［析］as ... as引导的状语从句中可以用一般现在时表示将来。
［误］How long do you go to see your parents? Once a week.
［正］How often do you go to see your parents? Once a week.
［析］因为答语为每周一次所以问的是频率，要用how often.
3. look
look for, find
look for 侧重于“寻找”这个动作，如：What are you looking for? 而find则侧重于结果，如：It is very difficult to find a job. 这里不能用look for，因为真正困难的是“找到”工作。
其他用法还有：
［例］He often looks back on his high school days.
［析］look back on something 为“回顾”、“回想”。
［例］I wish you wouldn't look down on (upon) the children's work.
［析］look down on (upon) 为“看不起”某人或某事。
［误］I'm looking forward to see you.
［正］I'm looking forward to seeing you.
［析］look forward to词组中的to是介词，所以其后要加名词或动名词，不能接不定式。
4. lot
［误］I can buy this dictionary now, because I have got much money.
［正］I can buy this dictionary now because I have got a lot of money.
［析］much money多用于疑问句与否定句中，而在肯定句中要用a lot of. lots of 与a lot of之间无多大区别，两者都可以修饰可数与不可数名词，所以常常可以互换。
［误］He is more happier now.
［正］He is a lot happier now.
［析］不可用more来修饰比较级，能修饰比较级的词有very much, a lot, lots, any, no, rather, a little, a bit等。
5. make
［误］The little boy was made repeat the whole story.
［正］The little boy was made to repeat the whole story.
［误］The father made his son to do his homework from morning till night.
［正］The father made his son do his homework from morning till night.
［析］make 的句型为“make somebody do (doing) something”。但在被动语态中原来被省去的不定式符号to要被还原回来。
［误］I always do this mistake.
［正］I always make this mistake.
［析］英语中do和make是十分不易弄清的两个动词，do常用于谈论工作时或某种不确定的活动时，如：do a favour（帮个忙），do one's best（竭尽全力），do good（有益），do harm（有害），而多数情况下常用make, 如：make a suggestion, make a cake, make a bed（收拾床），make a noise, make money等等。
［误］This wine was made of grapes.
［正］This wine was made from grapes.
［析］当成品制成后，其原料的性质有所改变时应用make from，否则用make of，如：This door was made of iron.
［误］Hard work can often make up a lack of intelligence.
［正］Hard work can often make up for a lack of intelligence.
［析］make up是“创造”、“编织”，而make up for是“弥补……的不足之处”。上句应译为“勤奋工作可以弥补天资的不足。”
［误］We made up our mind to study hard.
［正］We made up our minds to study hard.
［析］mind这里是可数名词，使用时要特别予以注意make up one's mind是“下定决心”之意。
［误］Our class is made of twenty girls and twenty one boys.
［正］Our class is made up of twenty girls and twenty one boys.
［析］No matter是个词组，意为“不论”，它的语法功能是起连接作用，所以不能用于一个单独的句子。it doesn't matter这个词组则不是一个连接词组，所以可以和一个单句连用，如：It doesn't matter what you say. （你说什么都不要紧。）
8. maybe
［误］May be he is right.
［正］Maybe he is right.
［析］maybe是副词，不要错用为may be.
maybe, perhaps
这两个词的词意一样，maybe常用于非正式谈话，而perhaps则多用在正式文体中。如： Maybe / Perhaps the weather will get better. 而Julius Caesar is perhaps the greatest of Shakespeare's early plays.
9. mend
［误］I want to have my bike mended.
［正］I want to have my bike repaired.
［析］mend意为“缝补”，如：My mother mended my coat. 而repair是“修理”。
10. mind
［误］Could you mind to close the door?
［正］Could you mind closing the door?
［误］Try to make up your mind studying hard.
［正］Try to make up your mind to study hard.
［析］mind用作动词时，其后加动名词；而用作名词意为“下定决心”时，其后要加不定式。要注意Do you mind if I smoke?的答语：如果你不介意，应回答“No, go ahead.”如果你不想让对方吸烟，则应讲“Yes, please don't.”
a. 故事类。初中生接触到的阅读材料大都是故事类。阅读故事类的材料，应该抓住人物线索、地点线索、时间线索和情节发展线索。特别注意的是，以上线索往往是并存的。因为情节的发展总是涉及到人物的变化、时间的推移、场景的变换等。而阅读材料后的阅读理解题往往会围绕这些内容设计一些事实类的理解题。凡事实类的理解题都可以从阅读材料的表层文字中找到答案。在阅读故事类短文时，应指导学生理解文章的深层含义，也就是它的主题。在此需要注意的是，现在的阅读理解题在测试事实类的理解题的同时，往往有一道推理类理解测试题．