第二部分 专业知识（85分）
完型填空（20分）
The position of children in American family and society is no longer what it used to be. The 1 family in colonial North America was mainly concerned with survival and 2 that, its own economic prosperity. Thus, children were 3 in terms of their productivity, and they played the role of producer quite early. 4 they fulfilled this role, their position in the family was one of subordination.
With the 5 of the society, the position of children in the family and in the society became more important. In the complex and technological society 6 the United States has become, each 7 must fulfill a number of personal and occupational 8 and be in contact with many other members. 9 , viewing children as necessary members of society means that they are 10 more as people in their own right than as those of subordination. This acceptance of children as 11 participants in the family is reflected in various laws 12 the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs.
This new 13 of children and the frequent contact between the members of society has also 14 an increasing interest in child-raising techniques. People today spend much time 15 the proper way to 16 children.
Nowadays, the socialization of the child in the United States is a 17 transaction between parent and child 18 a one-way, parent-to-child training 19 . As a consequence, socializing children and 20 with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure, satisfaction, and problems.
1. A. poor B. ordinary C. happy D. wealthy
2. A. except B. for C. beyond D. through
3. A. supported B. received C. encouraged D. valued
4. A. Until B. After C. Although D. When
5. A. movement B. achievement C. development D. requirement
6. A. that B. where C. when D. what
7. A. parent B. member C. family D. relative
8. A. purposes B. promises C. roles D. tasks
9. A. Besides B. However C. Instead D. Therefore
10. A. admired B. regarded C. made D. respected
11. A. willing B. equal C. similar D. common
12. A. enjoying B. preventing C. considering D. protecting
13. A. view B. faith C. world D. study
14. A. led in B. brought in C. resulted in D. taken in
15. A. seeking B. making C. fighting D. working
16. A. nurse B. praise C. understand D. raise
17. A. one-sided B. many-sided C. round-way D. two-way
18. A. more than B. rather than C. better than D. less than
19. A. manner B. method C. program D. guide
20. A. talking B. living C. playing D. discussing
阅读理解 (共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
A
Honesty may well be the policy, but it often deserts us when no one is watching, psychologists report today. Experiments with an honesty box to collect payments for hot drinks show that people are better at paying up when under the gaze(注视) of a pair of eyes. The surprise was that the eyes were not real, but photographed.
Researchers at Newcastle University set up the experiment in secret. They attached a poster to a cupboard of mugs above an-honesty box alongside a kettle ,with tea, coffee and milk. Over 10 weeks, they alternated each week between images of eyes and pictures of flowers.
Dr. Bateson, a behavioral biologist and leader of the study, said that even though the eyes were not real they still seemed to make people behave more honestly. They effect may arise from behavioral characteristics that developed as early humans formed social groups that increased their chances of survival. Individuals had to co-operate for the good of the group, rather than act selfishly.
"If nobody is watching us it is in our interests to behave selfishly. But when we think we're being watched we should behave better, so people see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us, "Dr. Bateson said.
"We thought we'd get a slight effect with eyes, but it was quite striking how much difference they made. Even at a subconscious(潜意识的) level, it seems people respond to eyes, and that might be because eyes send a strong biological signal we have evolved(进化) to respond to."
The finding, which researchers believe sheds light on our evolutionary past, could be turned to practical use. The psychologists say images of eyes could promote ticket sales on public transport and improve monitor systems to prevent antisocial behavior.
21. This passage is mainly about _______________.
A. the policy of honesty B. an honesty box to collect money
C. evolution on honesty D. an experiment on honesty
22. The reason for doing the experiment secretly is that the researchers _____________.
A. wanted to get a comparatively more exact result
B. had known they wanted to do something illegally
C. meant to get the co-operation of their colleagues
D. intended to sell the hot drinks at a higher price
23. People behave honestly under watchful gaze of eyes because _____________.
A. they want to leave a good impression B. they fear to be laughed at by others
C. they've got the nature through evolution D. they take the photo for a real pair of eyes
24. The underlined phrase" sheds light on" in the last paragraph means _____.
A. causes somebody to become cheerful B. makes something easier to understand
C. comes upon something by accident D. brings something into the broad daylight
B
Repression
Today, as I was relaxing at the beach, I couldn't help but eavesdrop（窃听，偷听） on a conversation four high school kids were having on the beach blanket next to me. Their conversation was about making a positive difference in the world. And it went something like this…
"It's impossible to make a difference unless you're a huge corporation or someone with lots of money and power," one of them said.
"Yeah man," another replied. "My mom keeps telling me to move mountains – to speak up and stand up for what I believe. But what I say and do doesn't even get noticed. I just keep answering to ‘the man’ and then I get slapped back（山谷回声） in place by him when I step out of line."
"Repression…" another snickered.
I smiled because I knew exactly how they felt. When I was their age, I was certain I was being repressed and couldn't possibly make a difference in this world. And I actually almost got expelled from（驱逐，开除） school once because I openly expressed how repressed I felt in the middle of the principals’ office.
I Have A Dream
Suddenly, one of the kids noticed me eavesdropping and smiling. He sat up, looked at me and said, "What? Do you disagree?" Then as he waited for a response, the other three kids turned around too.
Rather than arguing with them, I took an old receipt out of my wallet, ripped（撕，扯） it into four pieces, and wrote a different word on each piece. Then I crumbled the pieces into little paper balls and handed a different piece to each one of them.
"Look at the word on the paper I just gave you and don't show it to anyone else." The kids looked at the single word I had handed each of them and appeared confused. "You have two choices," I told them. "If your word inspired you to make a difference in this world, then hold onto it. If not, give it back to me so I can recycle the paper." They all returned their words.
I scooted（快走） over, sat down on the sand next to their beach blanket and laid out the four words that the students had returned to me so that the words combined to form the simple sentence, "I have a dream."
"Dude, that's Martin Luther King Jr.," one of the kids said.
"How did you know that?" I asked.
"Everyone knows Martin Luther King Jr." the kid snarled. "He has his own national holiday, and we all had to memorize his speech in school a few years ago."
"Why do you think your teachers had you memorize his speech?" I asked.
"I don't really care!" the kid replied. His three friends shook their heads in agreement. "What does this have to do with us and our situation?"
"Your teachers asked you to memorize those words, just like thousands of teachers around the world have asked students to memorize those words, because they have inspired millions of repressed people to dream of a better world and take action to make their dreams come true. Do you see where I'm going with this?"
"Man, I know exactly what you're trying to do and it's not going to work, alright?" the fourth kid said, who hadn't spoken a word until now. "We're not going to get all inspired and emotional about something some dude said thirty years ago. Our world is different now. And it's more screwed up than any us can even begin to imagine, and there's little you or I can do about it. We're too small, we're nobody."
Together
I smiled again because I once believed and used to say similar things. Then after holding the smile for a few seconds I said, "On their own, ‘I' or ‘have’ or ‘a’ or ‘dream’ are just words. Not very compelling or inspiring. But when you put them together in a certain order, they create a phrase that has been powerful enough to move millions of people to take action – action that changed laws, perceptions, and lives. You don't need to be inspired or emotional to agree with this, do you?"
The four kids shrugged and struggled to appear totally indifferent, but I could tell they were listening intently. "And what's true for words is also true for people," I continued. "One person without help from anyone else can't do much to make a sizable difference in this crazy world - or to overcome all of the various forms of repression（抑制，压抑） that exist today. But when people get together and unite to form something more powerful and meaningful then themselves, the possibilities are endless.
Together is how mountains are moved. Together is how small people make a big difference.
25.Why were the kids repressed?
A. Because they were scolded by their teachers
B. Because they lacked confidence of making a difference in the world
C. Because they didn’t have lots of money or power.
D. Because one of them almost got expelled from school.
26.What did the writer do when one of the kids noticed him eavesdropping?
A .He argued with them.
B. He played a game with them.
C. He scooted over sat down on the sand next to their beach blanket .
D .He took an old receipt ,ripped it into four pieces, and wrote a different word on each piece.
27.Which of the following is not true?
A. “I Have A Dream” was delivered by Martin Luther King.
B. A national holiday was named after Martin Luther King to honor him.
C. Teachers asked kids to memorize Martin Luther King’s famous speech.
D. Martin Luther King made a difference because he is a man with power.
28. Which of the following sentences is true according to the story.
A .The kids and the writer are complaining about their life.
B. All of the four kids don’t believe they can change the world.
C. The word on the paper inspires the four kids.
D. The writer’s purpose is to tell them to a faith in the life.
29.Choose the best title for the story.
A. How adults persuade kids
B. How small people make a big difference
C. How young adults build up their confidence
D. How create a better world to live in
C
How is it that siblings(兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different family. The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an
angry father.
Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. But more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each others' lives. Dr. Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reason for this might be that the later children aren't getting the same one-on-one time with parents. But that doesn't mean that the younger children have problems with language development. Later-boors don't enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between "I" and "me”.
A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. Love-hate relationships were common among the children. Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.
One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents.
30. The underlined part "in a different family" (in Para. 1) means“______________”。
A. in a different family environment
B. in a different family tradition
C．in different family crises
D．in different families
31. In terms of language development, Iater-borns __________.
A. get their parents' individual guidance
B. learn a lot from their eider siblings
C. experience a lot of difficulties
D. pick up words more quickly
32. What was found about fights among siblings?
A. Siblings hated fighting and loved playing.
B. Siblings in some families fought frequently.
C. Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships.
D. Siblings learned to get on together from tights.
33. The word “feminine" (in Para. 4) means“_____________”.
A. having qualities of parents
B. having qualities of women
C. having defensive qualities
D. having extraordinary qualities
D
The value-packed, all-inclusive
sight-seeing package that
combines the best of Sydney's
harbour, city, bay and beach
highlights.
A SydneyPass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses: the 'red' Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights while the 'blue' Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily harbour cru/ses(游船). You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses, Sydney Ferries or CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city.
Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise. The possibilities and plans are endless with a SydneyPass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis.
SydneyPasses are available for 3, 5 0r 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 0r 7 days, and the return trip is valid for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used.
SydneyPass Fares
*A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under ~6 ye rs. Children under 4 years travel free.
**A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.
34. A SydneyPass doesn7t offer unlimited rides on
A. the Explorer Buses B. the harbour cruises
C. regular Sydney Buses D. CityRail services
35. With a SydneyPass, a traveller can _.
A. save fares from and to the airport B. take the Sydney Explorer to beaches
C. enjoy the famous seafood for free D. reserve seats easily in a restaurant
36. If 5-day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be?
A. $225. B. $300.
C. $360. D. $420.
E
People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. The findings, based on performances and self-evaluation by about 275 college students, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心) and can’t focus on one activity. And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things,” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the University of Utah.
Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensation-seeking (寻求刺激) or imperative (冲动)they were. They then evaluated the participants’ multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.
Not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. They also were more likely to admit to sensation-seeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.
“People multitask not because it’s going to lead to greater productivity, but because they’re distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important.” Sanbonmatsu said.
Adam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldn’t find out whether people who start out less focused toward multitasking or whether people’s recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.
The findings do suggest, however, why the sensation-seeker who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations.” said Paul Atchley, another researcher not in the group. “This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though they’re dangerous.”
37. The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask .
A. seek high productivity constantly
B. prefer handling different things when getting bored
C. are more focused when doing many things at a time
D. have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time
38. When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research, they .
A. assessed the multitasking ability of the students
B. evaluated the academic achievements of the students
C. analyzed the effects of the participants’ tricky mental tasks
D. measured the changes of the students’ understanding ability
39. According to Sanbonmatsu, people multitask because of their _.
A. limited power in calculation B. interests in doing things differently C. inability to concentrate on one task D. impulsive desire to try new things
40. From the last paragraph, we can learn that multitaskers usually .
A. drive very skillfully
B. go in for different tasks
C. fail to react quickly to potential dangers
D. refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior
答案：1-5 6-10
11-15 16-20
21-25 26-30
31-35 36-40
书面表达（25分）
Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.
请以下列词语为关键词写一篇英语短文。