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一、同步知识梳理
知识点1：
1. silent adj. 不说话的；沉默的
e.g. She was a silent girl. 她是一个沉默寡言的女孩。
Do you know when to keep silent? 你知道什么时候该保持沉默吗?
Will you please keep silent about what I did? 请你别把我做的事说出去好吗?
【课堂训练】
【2011本溪】Sally is ______ in class now, but she used to be a very shy girl.
A. honest B. silent C. quiet D. active
【2012山东济宁】Ann kept s_________ all day because his little brother broke her toy bear.
答案： B silent
【辨析】
quiet, calm, silent, still, peaceful这些形容词均含“平静的，无声无息”之意。
quiet普通用词，指没有喧闹、活动或骚乱的寂静状态。
calm普通用词，既可指天气、海洋等的平静状态，又可指人的镇定沉着、不慌乱，不受外界影响和情绪支配。
silent普通用词，指缄默不语或无声无息。
still指平静而又安定的状态。
peaceful普通用词，指一种不受外物扰乱和刺激的内在宁静或和平状态。
2. from time to time 时常；有时
e.g. He went fishing from time to time. 他有时去钓鱼。
【近义词】
at times 有时
once in a while 偶尔
now and then 时而
【课堂训练】
汉译英：他偶尔会来看我。
_____________________________________________________
答案：He came to see me from time to time.
【拓展】
与时间有关的短语：
on time 准时
in time 及时
all the time 总是
ahead of time 提前
at one time 曾经，一度
at any time 随时
at no time 绝不
in no time 立刻，马上
3. score (n, v)分数，得分
e.g. Hughes scored two goals before half-time. 休斯在上半场进了两个球.
The home team has yet no score. 主队还没有得分.
Who is going to score for both sides? 谁来为双方记分?
I recorded the score in a notebook. 我在笔记本上记下了分数
【课堂训练】
汉译英：他终于获得了成功。
比分是五比三。
__________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
英译汉：This was what they achieved after scores of years of ceaseless labour.
答案：He got the score in the end.
The score stood five to three. / The score stood five-three. / The score was at five to three.
这是他们几十年不懈劳动取得的成果。
4. turn 变成
【辨析】turn, become, get, go
turn多指颜色或性质等的变化，强调变化的结果。后接名词时无冠词。
become多指身份、职位的变化，强调变化的过程已完成。
get多用于口语，强调变化过程，多接形容词，译为“渐渐变得”
go多指向不好的方向发展。
e.g. He became an English teacher.=He turned English teacher.
His face turned blue with fear.
It is getting warmer and warmer recently.
The milk went bad/sour. My mother’s hair is going grey.
【课堂训练】
下面每个句子都有一处错误，请指出并改正
1 Liu Mei used to being a good girl.___
2 She is used to stay up late. _____
3 The boy is interesting in that story. ____
4 They didn’t used to like eating pears.
5 Though the old man lives there by himself. But he doesn’t feel alone. ____
答案：
1. being àbe 2. stayà staying 或去掉is 3. interesting à interested 4. used à use
5. along à lonely
5. require v. 需要； 需求
e.g. This question requires a good deal of special study. 这个问题需要作大量的专门研究。
The teacher requires us that we must read English every morning.
老师要求我们每天早晨读英语。
【课堂训练】
汉译英：这房子需要刷漆
_____________________________________________________
答案：The house requires painting.
【拓展】
requirement n. 要求；必要条件
【辨析】
ask, beg, demand, require, request均“要求，请求”之意。
ask最普通用词，指向对方提出要求或请求，长、晚辈，上下级之间都可使用。
beg指恳切地或再三地请求或要求，常含低三下四意味，也多用于应酬场合。
require强调根据事业、需要或纪律、法律等而提出的要求。
request正式用词, 指非常正式、有礼貌的请求或恳求, 多含担心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味。
6. influence v. 影响
e.g. My dad influenced me to learn German. 我学德语是受爸爸的影响。
We became the best of friends and he influenced me deeply.
我们成了最好的朋友, 他深深地影响了我。
His writings have influenced the lives of millions. 他的作品影响了千百万人的一生。
【拓展】
influence n. 影响
e.g. Van Gogh had a major influence on the development of modern painting.
凡·高对现代绘画的发展有着重大影响。
Her influence made me a better person. 她对我的影响使我成为一个更好的人。
Mr. Smith is a man of influence in this town. 史密斯先生是这个镇上有权势的人物。
【注意】
influence n. [U] 影响；作用
e.g. What exactly is the influence of television on children? 电视对儿童有什么影响？
influence n. [C]有影响力的人(或事物)
e.g. His first music teacher was a major influence in his life.
他的音乐启蒙老师是他一生中对他影响非常大的人。
【辨析一】
influence, affect这两个词的共同意思是“影响”。
A. affect着重指一时的“影响”; 而influence则往往指对行为、性格、观点等较长时间的、潜移默化的“影响”。
B. 表示不良影响时只能用affect, 不能用influence。
C. influence 表示“影响”，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。可用作动词(及物)或名词(通常不可数，但有时可连用不定冠词)。如：
e.g. What you read influences your thinking. 你读的东西对你的思想有影响。
It’s clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso. 她的画显然受了毕加索的影响。
Television has a strong influence on people. 电视对人有很大的影响。
【课堂训练】
1.【2011肇庆】 汉译英：校长在会上说的话对她影响极大。
What the headmaster said at the meeting _______________________ on her.
2.【2011 山东威海】填空：
Do you know what you said has great __________ (影响) on me?
答案： 1. had a great influence 2. influence
7. seldom adv. 不常；很少
e.g. Lazy people seldom succeed. 懒惰的人很少会成功。
He is a gentle man and seldom gets angry. 他是个生性温顺的人, 很少生气。
She seldom arrives home before midnight, does she? 她很少午夜之前回家,是吗?
注意：
A. seldom本身带有否定意义, 构成附加疑问句时不用否定词not。
e.g. Seldom have I met him recently. 最近我很少见到他。
B. seldom放在句首时,句子的主谓必须部分倒装。类似的词还有never, hardly, scarcely等。
e.g. She seldom reads newspaper. =Seldom does she read newspaper.
【课堂训练】
He’s seldom late for school, _______?
A. hasn’t he B. isn’t he C. has he D. is he
【2013江苏无锡】— Look at the bird over there! It’s so beautiful!
— Wow! It’s a rare crane. It ______ appears in this area.
A. always B. usually C. seldom D. often
答案： D C
8. to one’s surprise 令某人惊奇的是…
e.g. To one’s surprise, he is our teacher’s husband. 让我吃惊的是, 他竟然是我们老师的丈夫。
注意：
to one’s surprise通常用作插入语，置于句首，用逗号与后面的句子隔开。
【拓展】
surprise n. 惊讶
surprise v. 使吃惊
surprising adj. 令人吃惊的
surprised adj. 吃惊的
be surprised at 对…感到吃惊
be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到惊讶
be surprised + that从句 因...而惊讶
【课堂训练】
1. Sandy didn't tell her parents that she was going home because she wanted to give them a _______.
A. gift B. call C. surprise D. note
2. ______ his surprise, she succeeded in climbing up the high mountain.
A. At B. To C. In D. On
3. The child’s mouth formed a big “O” _______ .
A. to his surprise B. in surprise C. by surprise D. at surprise
答案：C B B
9. even though 即使；纵然；尽管
e.g. I’ll go to the concert even though it rains. 即使下雨，我也要去听音乐会。
He never apologizes even though he knows that he is wrong. 他从不道歉，即使他自知错了。
Even though you do not like it, you must do it. 即使你不喜欢这工作，你也得做。
【课堂训练】
1. _______ TV has some benefits, _______ sometimes it has a bad influence.
A. Even though；but B. though；but C. Although；/ D. even if；but
2. --- This dress was last year’s style.
--- I think it still looks perfect ____ it has gone out this year.
A. so B. even though C. as if D. ever since
3. Mrs. Shute wouldn’t leave the TV set, ____ her children were waiting for their supper.
A. if B. because C. even though D. as soon as
答案：C B C
10. pay attention to 对……注意, 留心
这里to是介词, 后面可以接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
e.g. I have tried to make my mother pay more attention to me. 我努力让我的妈妈更加关注我。
You should pay attention to spelling this word. 你应该注意拼写这个单词。
【课堂训练】
【2007泰州市】 Students should pay attention to ________ the teacher in class.
A. hear B. listen to C. listening to D. hearing of
答案：C
知识点2：
1. … you used to be short, didn’t you？
(1) used to意为“过去常常；以前经常”，后接动词原形，表示过去的习惯动作或状态，暗指现在此状态不存在了或动作不发生了。
e.g. He used to live in Paris. 他过去一直住在巴黎。
注意：其中的 to 是不定式符号，而不是介词，所以其后只接动词原形(不能接动名词)。
(2) used to的一般疑问句、附加疑问句常借助于助动词did / didn’t, 也可用used / usedn’t。
He usedn’t / didn’t use to come. 他过去不常来。
You used to go there, usedn’t / didn’t you? 你过去常到那儿去，是吗?
【辨析】
【课堂训练】
1. He _______ listen to pop music, but now he _______ dancing.
A. is used to; used to B. use to; is used to C. used to; is used to D. used to; used to
2. He used to _______ in the sun, but now he is used to _______ at night. (2007兰州市)
A. read; read B. reading; read C. read; reading D. reading; reading
答案：1. C 2. C
2. What’s he like now?
What’s he like?相当于What does he look like?，意思是“他长什么样？”
e.g. --- What’s he like?
--- He is tall and thin.
What’s ... like ? 还可以用来询问“某事、某物或者某人怎么样?”
What’s Spring like in your hometown? 你们家乡的春天是怎样的？
What’s Tim like? Tim 这个人怎么样？
What’s the weather like today? 今天天气怎样？
3. It’s been three years since we last saw our primary school classmates.
since作“自...以来, 从...至今”的意思的时候， 主句用完成时态， 分句则用过去式。
e.g. It has been five years since we last met. 自从上次碰面至今已经有五年的时间了。
注意：since 自从
1). 主句常用完成时，且动词为延续性动词
2). since从句用一般过去时
3). since 从句的动词如果是短暂性动词直接翻译为“自从…” 如果是延续性动词从句则译为：“自从不做某事以来…”
e.g. It has been four years since he stopped smoking. 自从他停止吸烟已经四年了
It has been four years since he smoked. 自从他不吸烟已经四年了
4). 若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在（说话时刻），其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。如：
e.g. It has been four since he has been a teacher. 自从他成为老师已经有四年了
【课堂训练】
(2009·绵阳中考) My uncle has been taught in this school _______ he was twenty years old.
A. since B. for C. until D. after
【答案】A
4. … took up singing to deal with her shyness.
（1）take up 开始；从事
e.g. When did you take up Japanese as a second foreign language?
你什么时间开始选修日语作为第二语言?
He left a job in the city to take up farming. 他辞去城里的工作，开始务农。
take up 还有“接受(提议)； 占用”等意思
e.g. You should take up my suggestion and start saving money. 你应该接受我的建议,开始存钱。
I know how busy you are and I wouldn‘t take up too much of your time.
我知道您忙，我不会占用您太多的时间。
【拓展】
take off 脱掉；起飞 take away 拿走 take in 吸收，领会 take office 就职
take down 记录；取下 take back 收回 take out 带出；清除 take charge of 负责…
take sth. for granted 认为…是理所当然的 take hold of 抓住… take pride in 以…为自豪
take the place of 代替… take turns to do 轮流做…
【课堂训练】
The plane will ______ from Beijing Capital Airport and land in London.
A. take up B. take out C. take away D. take off
答案：D
（2）deal with 在这里意为“处理，对付”, 此外还有“讨论； 与…交易”的意思。
e.g. I have a matter of importance to deal with. 我有要事要处理。
Have you any good idea about how to deal with this difficulty?
处理这种困难你有什么好想法吗？
When I worked in Florida I dealt with British people all the time.
在佛罗里达工作时, 我总与英国人有生意往来。
【辨析】
do with 和 deal with
do with常与连接代词what连用，而deal with常与连接副词how连用。如：
e.g. I don’t know how they deal with the problem. = I don’t know what they do with the problem.
我不知道他们如何处理这个问题。
【课堂训练】
用deal with 或 do with填空。
1. Can you tell me how to _______ it? I really don’t know what to _______ it.
2. — ________ did you ________ your pocket money?
— I sent it to the children in Sichuan.
A. What; deal with B. How; do to C. What; deal to D. How; deal with
答案：1. deal with; do with 2. D
5. … she dared to sing in front of her class, ....
dare 在这里用作实义动词。
dare用作实义动词时,有时态和人称的变化,用do、does或did来构成否定句或疑问句。
e.g. Go ahead and dive if you dare. 如果你敢，尽管跳下水去
She did not dare to look at him. 她不敢朝他看。
dare用作情态动词, 一般用于疑问句、否定句或条件句, 或与 hardly, never, no one, nobody 等连用。有时态变化,但没有人称形式的变化, 其后接动词原形。构成疑问句和否定句时不用助动词do。
e.g. We dare not look at her eyes. 我们不敢看她的眼睛。
How dare you ask me such a question? 你怎敢问我这样的问题?
【课堂训练】
I _______ you, because I thought I must be wrong.
A. dare not ask B. dare not to ask C. dare not asking D. dare to not ask
答案：A
6. … because there are always guards around me.
guard n. 哨兵；警戒；防护装置；警卫
e.g. The guard won't let you in if you don't show him your pass.
如果你不出示通行证, 哨兵不会让你进去的。
All the prisoners are under close guard. 所有的犯人都在严密的看守之下。
Miners wore a helmet as a guard against falling rocks. 矿工头戴钢盔,防备落下的岩石。
guard v. 守卫；保卫
e.g. The dog guarded the house against strangers. 狗守卫着房屋，不让陌生人进去。
I will guard you from all dangers. 我会保护你, 使你不受任何危险。
You must guard against catching a cold. 你必须小心以防感冒。
7. … you have to be prepared to give up normal life.
（1）prepared adj. 准备好的； 愿意的
e.g. He was prepared to leave the country. 他打算离开这个国家。
Hope for the best but be prepared for the worst. 抱乐观的希望，作最坏的准备。
I am prepared to lend you the money if you promise to pay it back.
我愿意把钱借给你，你得答应还给我。
【辨析】
be prepared, be ready区别在于：
be ready表示具备做某事的条件、处于可以做某事的状态, 或有思想准备, 乐于做某事。
e.g. He was always ready to help his friends.
be prepared除强调为做某事而进行了积极的努力外, 还常常用来强调精神上有应付意想不到的事件的能力。
e.g. The student was thoroughly prepared for the examination.
（2）give up意为“放弃”, 后面可以接名词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
e.g. Luckily, his mother was very patient and didn’t give up trying to help him.
幸运的是,他的妈妈非常耐心, 没有放弃尽量帮助他。
I wish I could give up drinking. 我真希望自己能戒酒。
注意： give up是动副短语, 如果宾语是名词, 既可以将其放在give与up的中间, 也可以放在give up的后面；如果宾语是代词, 则必须将其放在give与up之间。
e.g. We won’t give up this project. = We won’t give this project up. 我们不会放弃这项工程。
Don’t give him up. 不要放弃他。
【课堂训练】
--- I find it difficult to learn English well. I want to drop it.
--- English is very important in our daily life. Never _______.
A. give up it B. give it up C. give away it D. give it away
答案：B
【拓展】
give out 分发, 散发 give way 撤退, 让路 give over 交出，移交
give away 赠送，送出 give in 屈服，投降 give back 归还，送回
give off 散发(光、气味等)
8. They were proud of him.
proud adj. 自豪的；骄傲的
e.g. It was a proud moment for John when he shook hands with the President.
汤姆与总统握手, 这是一个令其很自豪的时刻。
Jack was proud of his high score in the exam. 杰克为考试中得到高分而自豪。
We are very proud that a pupil from our school has won the prize.
我们学校的一个小学生得了奖, 我们感到很自豪。
【搭配】
1) be proud of sb. / sth. 为某人/某事而骄傲(自豪)
e.g. My parents are proud of me. 我的父母以我而骄傲。
2) be proud to do sth. 为做某事而感到骄傲(自豪)
e.g. I am proud to walk up Mount Tai. 登上泰山我感到自豪。
【拓展】
pride n. 自豪；骄傲；引以自豪的人或物
e.g. My teaching is my pride and joy. 我的教学工作是我的快乐和骄傲。
The new car was the pride of the whole family. 新汽车是全家人引以自豪之物。
She looked with pride at the result of her work. 她自豪地看着自己的工作成果。
【课堂训练】
1. — Li Na won the tennis championship in the French Open on June 4 2011.
— We take pride in her. She is the first Asian professional tennis player to win it.
A. are interested in B. are terrified of C. are proud of D. are used to
2.【2013 甘肃白银】B. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空限填一词。
今天我以学校为荣，明天学校以我为傲。
Today I’m ________ of my school and tomorrow my school will take ______ in my success.
答案：1. C 2. proud pride
9. He was absent from classes, ...
absent adj. 缺席；不在
e.g. Three members of the class are absent today. 班上今天有三人缺席。
Sometimes he would be absent for a couple of days. 他有时会离开几天。
After the party he telephoned his absent friends. 晚会后他打电话给没有赴约的朋友。
【拓展】
absent from home 不在家
absent from school 缺课
absent in one's mind 心不在焉
absent without reason 无故缺席
10. ... he failed his examinations.
fail v. 失败；未能(做到)
failed his examinations相当于failed to pass his examinations / failed in the examinations
e.g. We must hang together, or our plan will fail. 我们必须齐心协力, 否则我们的计划就会失败。
【拓展】
failure n. 失败
【拓展】
fail to do sth. 或 fail (in) sth./doing sth. 意思是“未能做某事，在某方面或做某事遭到失 败”。
e.g. I failed to work out / (in) working out the problem. 我没能解出这道题。
He never fails to write to his mother every week. 他从来没有忘记每周给母亲写信。
【课堂训练】
【2011四川绵阳】
If you don’t work hard for most of the year and then work hard for only a few days before the exam, you
will probably_______.
A. succeed B. finish C. fail D. pass
答案：C
11. Teacher advised his parents to talk with their son in person.
advise v. 建议；劝告；忠告
e.g. What would you advise? 你有什么建议?
She advised holding a class meeting. 她提议召开一次班会。
If you don't feel well, I advise you to stay in bed. 如果你感到不舒服,我建议你卧床休息。
【拓展】
advice n. 劝告；忠告；建议
【课堂训练】
I advise you ____ before ____ job.
A to wait; deciding to accept B. to wait; to decide accepting
C. waiting; deciding to accept D. waiting; to decide accepting
答案：A |
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发表于 2020-9-10 11:48:35
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