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标题: 人教版八年级上Unit3知识点学案 [打印本页]
作者: 网站工作室 时间: 2020-9-1 01:53
标题: 人教版八年级上Unit3知识点学案
Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
1.aloud,loudly,loud
⑴aloud adv.“出声地，大声地”指为了让人听见而出声，常与read,call,cry等连用，没有“喧闹”之意。
⑵loudly adv.“高声地”多含有“嘈杂、喧闹”之意，有时也含有有目的地提高音量，以便让人听到之意，常修饰shout,knock等。
⑶loud adj. “响亮的，大声的” adv. “响亮地，大声地，高声地”指说话声或笑声响亮而不吵闹，常用于动词speak,talk,sing,laugh等。
eg:①Someone knocked loudly at the door.
②She has a very loud voice.
③Speak loud while answering the teacher’s questions.
④The teacher asked him to read the poem aloud.
练习：
( )1.—Talking ______ in a library is impolite.
—In fact,we should also take care not to cough or sneeze loudly in public.
A.loudly B.quickly C.clear D.quiet
( )2.—You should not speak so _______ .They’re doing their homework now.
—Sorry,I won’t do that again.
A.loud B.aloud C.noisy D.loudly
( )3.______ !We have only three minutes left.
A.Slowly B.Hardly C.Quickly D.Loudly
( )4.Don’t talk ______ .Your grandmother is sleeping now.
A.loud B.hardly C.loudly D.hard
2.区别：win,beat
⑴win“打败，战胜，赢”指赢得比赛(项目)、战斗、辩论、奖品、钱等，可以是事或物。
⑵beat“打败，战胜”后接对手，可以是人或集体。
eg:①I can beat you at swimming.
②Which team will win the match this time?
练习：
( )1.She did as his teacher told him and ______ the first place in the exam.
A.won B.beat C.lost D.win
( )2.When we were at school,he always ______ me at Ping-pond.
A.beated B.won C.beat D.wined
3.as...as“像……一样”表示两个人/物在某方面程度相同。结构形式为：(肯定/否定/疑问)as+adj./adv.原级+其它+as (否定/疑问)not as/so+adj./adv.原级+其它+as
eg:①Tom is as tall as his father.
②He doesn’t study as well as Tom.
练习：
( )1.Do you think math is _____ than English?
A.difficult B.as difficult C.more difficult D.most difficult
( )2.The computer is not _____ expensive _____ that one.
A.so;as B.as;so C.so;so D.the same;as
( )3.She’s very good at painting.She can paint ____ her teacher.
A.as better as B.as well as C.as good as D.so well as
( )4.Bob never does his homework ______ Mary.He makes lots of mistakes.
A.so careful as B.as carefully as C.carefully as D.as careful as
( )5.Do you think football is as _____ as basketball in America?
A.most popular B.the most popular C.more popular D.popular
( )6.Julie doesn’t play as _____ as Anna.
A.best B.better C.well D.good
( )7.Can a dog run _____ a horse?
A.so fast as B.as fast as C.as faster as D.so faster than
4.friendly adj.“友好的”的用法
短语：
be friendly to介“对某人友好”
be friendly with“与某人关系好”
eg:①Every student in our class is friendly to the new comer.
②The classmates in our class are friendly with each other.
练习：
( )1.The students from Xinjiang enjoy staying in our school because everyone is ____ to them.
A.friendly B.beautiful C.happily D.politely
( )2.It’s ______ of you to do these things for us.
A.friendly B.easy C.hard D.important
( )3.Sun Li is very _____ in China now.Many young people are her fans.
A.friendly B.outgoing C.quiet D.popular
5.区别：fast,quickly,soon
⑴fast adj./adv.“快的”“快地”表示速度快。
eg:You’re taking a big risk driving so fast.
⑵quickly adv.“快地”表示动作、行动上的快。
eg:He quickly got up and went on running.
⑶soon adv.“不久”表示时间快。
eg
lease write to me soon.
练习：
( )1.Remember to e-mail me.All of us hope to hear from you _____ .
A.quickly B.soon C.fast D.quick
( )2.The mother walked into the room_____ in order not to wake up her baby.
A.quickly B.quietly C.heavily D.fast
6.with介词“和……一起”“带有，有着”“随身携带”“对于，关于”“以，用(表示手段或方法)”“具有(某种状态、特征)”的用法
eg:①Come with me.
②China is a country with a long history.
③She is writing with a pen.
④Please take an umbrella with you.
⑤They’re friendly with me.
⑥He doesn’t like tea with sugar.
注：“with+名词+介词短语”作伴随状语，表示伴随状态，强调主语的状态。
eg:With a smile on her face,she came in.
练习：
( )1.—What does your English teacher look like?
—She’s tall and thin ______ long hair.
A.have B.has C.there is D.with
( )2.Mary with her classmates ______ to school from Monday to Friday.
A.goes B.go C.went D.will go
( )3.I like drinking tea _____ sugar in it.
A.with B.on C.of D.about
( )4.—Who is the girl _____ glasses in the photo?
—It’s me.I used to wear glasses and have long hair.
A.by B.of C.on D.with
( )5.The girl _____ long straight hair is Linda.
A.of B.for C.with D.about
7.区别：ago,before
⑴ago“以前”放在一段时间之后，不能单独使用，指从现在说话算起的若干时间之前。
⑵before“在……前面，在……以前，在……之前”放在表示“时间点或事件”的词语之前，可用于完成时或一般过去时，也可单独作状语。是指从过去或将来某个时候算起若干时间以前。
eg:①We saw the film a few weeks ago.
②We started our class before eight o’clock.
③I met that man before.
练习：
( )1.My father joined the Party ten years ______ .
A.ago B.after C.before D.from
Section B
1区别：real,true
⑴real“真正的，实际的”，强调真实性，尤指表里的一致性或同一性，表示实际存在的，不是假的、理想的、虚幻的。副词形式为really。
⑵true“现实的”，指与事实相符，并非虚构或编造；或者表示符合某一标准规范或典型。副词形式为truly。
eg:It’s a true story.I really like it.
2.区别：care for,care about
二者都有“关心、喜欢”的意思。但care for还有“照顾；照料；照看”(=look after=take care of)，而care about还有“在意；在乎”的意思。
eg:①I don’t care for/about green tea.
②You must care for yourself.
③He didn’t care about his clothes.
练习：
( )1.I don’t _____ what he does.
A.take care of B.care about C.look after D.look up
( )2.She thinks only herself,and she doesn’t ______ other people.
A.care of B.care about C.care for D.care in
( )3.His grandfather was ill yesterday,so she _____ him.
A.took away B.kept away from C.took care of D.kept out
( )4.I don’t care _____ your opinion.
A.for B.about C.of D.at
( )5.Elisa doesn’t care _____ the people said about her.
A.how B.what C.when D.which
3.necessary adj.“必要的；必需的”的用法
句型：It’s necessary for sb. To do sth.=It’s necessary that...“对某人来说做某事是必要的。”
eg:①It’s necessary for to study English well.
②Sleep is necessary to health.
练习：
( )1.—Mr.Smith,I don’t think we can get there on time by bike.
—You mean it’s _____ for us to take a taxi.
A.necessary B.important C.possible D.difficult
4.both adj./pron.“两个；两个都”的用法
both单独作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。both of后接名词或代词的复数形式，接名词时，前需有定冠词the或形容词性物主代词my,her,his等。both位于be动词、助动词或情态动词后，行为动词前。both的否定形式为半否定，意为“并非两者都”。
固定搭配：
both...and...“…和…都”“既…又…”(=not only...but also...)
反义词：neither...nor...“既不……也不……”
eg:①Both are smart.
②Both of us are doctors.
③Both of her eyes are red.
④We should both thank Tom.
⑤Both Lucy and Lily are having supper.
练习：
( )1.They _____ swim across the river.
A.can both B.both can C.are both D.both are
( )2.Basketball has a history of nearly 300 years.Today it is still loved by _____ the young ____ the old.
A.both;and B.either;or C.not;but D.neither;nor
( )3.The twins ______ go to the movies on weekends.
A.all B.both C.either D.each
( )4.Both Lily and her father ______ basketball fans.
A.is B.are C.am D.was
( )5.—Mike,please turn down the music,_____ Lily _____ Tom are sleeping.
—Sorry,I’ll do it right away.
A.neither;nor B.either;or C.both;and D.not only;but also
( )6.I can’t decide which one to choose,because _____ of them are good.
A.neither B.both C.either D.each
( )7.Tom and Tim are twins,they _____ in Beijing.
A.study both B.both studies C.both study D.both are
( )8.______ Tina _____ her sister enjoy dancing.
A.Both;with B.Between;and C.All;and D.Both;and
5.should modal v.“应该”用法
后接动词原形，否定在其后加not。
eg:—I’m not feeling well these days.I have a bad cough.
—You shouldn’t smoke so much,I think.
练习：
( )1.In order to speak English better,we _____ be afraid of losing face.Because the most important thing is to practice.Remember,practice makes perfect.
A.should B.shouldn’t C.have to D.could
( )2.He doesn’t know what he should ______ next.
A.do B.does C.did D.doing
( )3.—Dear Tom,your room is too dirty.It should ______ right away.
—Sorry.I’ll do it now.
A.is cleaned B.be cleaned C.was cleaned D.cleans
6.hand n.“手”v.“交上”的用法
⑴作名词时，为[C]
短语：
by hand手工
on the one hand...,on the other hand...一方面……，另一方面……
eg:She had a magazine in her hand.
作者: 网站工作室 时间: 2020-9-1 01:53
⑵作动词时。
短语：
hand in交上
hand out分发
eglease hand in your homework at the end of the class. 练习：
( )1.The coat is made _____ hand not with a machine.
A.on B.at C.by D.for
( )2.Please ______ your exercise for yesterday before class.
A.hand out B.hand in C.hand to D.hand over
7.heart n.“内心；心脏”[C]
短语：
learn sth.by heart用心学习
lose heart失去信心；灰心
heart and soul全心全意地
eg:Our teachers ask us to learn the passage by heart.
练习：
( )1.The students had to learn the poem by ______ .
A.head B.ears C.eyes D.heart
8.break的用法
⑴作动词时，“(使)破；裂；碎；损坏”“违反；违背；打破”
短语：
break off折断
break into破门而入
break in插嘴，插话
break out战争/火灾突然爆发
break away from摆脱；脱离
break the law违法
eg:①The thief broke the window and got into the house.
②He broke the Asian record.
⑵作名词时，“(课间的休息时间)暂停，中断”(注：常用单数形式。)
eg
et’s have a break. 练习：
( )1.Carol can’t come to school today because she _____ her arm 15 minutes ago.
A.hit B.caught C.touched D.broke
9.区别：laugh,smile
二者都可作名词或动词。
⑴laugh指出声的笑，既有声音，又有表情。后常接介词at。
短语：
laugh at嘲笑
⑵smile指无声的微笑，指面部表情。后常接介词at/to。
eg:①His joke made everyone laugh.
②The baby smiles to me so sweetly.
③John has a happy smile on his face.
④We all laughed loudly when he made a joke.
练习：
( )1.The girl is afraid to dance in public because she thinks others may _____ her.
A.laugh at B.wait for C.hear of D.agree with
( )2.Please don’t ______ at me if I can’t do it well.
A.laugh B.smile C.talk D.speak
( )3.We all like her because she often makes us _____ by telling us jokes.
A.laughed B.laugh C.laughs D.to laugh
( )4.We shouldn’t laugh _____ others when they are in trouble.
A.at B.on C.for D.to
( )5.Don’t _____ at him.He tried his best.
A.smile B.laugh C.cry D.cough
10.similar adj.“相似的；类似的”的用法
短语：
be similar to与……相似(=be like=the same as“与……相同”)反义词组为：be different from“与……不同”
eg:His bag is similar to mine.
练习：
( )1.My new bike is similar _____ Jack’s.
A.to B.with C.as D.for
( )2.Your bag is ______ to mine.I don’t know which one is mine.
A.same B.similar C.like D.unlike
( )3.Lin Tao’s watch is the same _____ yours.So I don’t know which is his.
A.for B.on C.as D.with
( )4.He gave ______ answer as I did.
A.as same B.same C.as the same D.the same
( )5.Do you look _____ Tom?
A.the same as B.same as C.the same D.the same to
( )6.He wears the same clothes _____ Jerry.
A.as B.to C.on D.of
( )7.In some ways,Lily and Lucy look _____,but the twins are a little different _____ each other.
A.same;from B.the same;from C.the same;as D.same;as
( )8.Mary is very similar ______ me,but she’s still a little different _____ me.
A.to;from B.for;with C.from;to D.with;about
( )9.Your views on education are ______ to mine.
A.the same B.the similar C.similar D.same
11.make“使，让”
adj
⑴ make+宾语+ n(前无冠词) 使某人/某物……
介词短语
do(被动：be made to do)
⑵ done
make+oneself/one’s sth.+ 使某人/某物……
adj
eg:She made me stay with her.
短语：
make it“成功，做成，搞定”
make it to介+地名(“及时赶到某地”)
make it+时间名词(“约定在……时间”)
练习：
( )1.If you see the cartoon film,it’ll make you _______ .
A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughing D.laughed
( )2.Our teacher told us an interesting story.It made all of us _____ .
A.to laugh B.laugh C.laughed D.laughs
( )3.John’s words made her ______ .
A.happily B.angrily C.happiness D.angry
( )4.He lost his key.It made him _____ in the cold to wait for his wife’s return.
A.to stay B.stayed C.stays D.stay
12.like的用法
⑴作介词时，意为“像；如同”
短语：
look like看起来像
would like想要
feel like想要
eg:Can you jump so high like me.
⑵作动词时，意为“喜欢”
sth.喜欢某物
like to do sth.喜欢做某事
doing sth.喜欢做某事
eg:I like playing basketball.
练习：
( )1.Holly’s best friend likes to do the same things _____ she does.
A.with B.like C.as D.and
( )2.—What’s your English teacher like?
—___________ .
A.She likes singing B.Yes,I like her. C.She can run fast D.She is kind and outgoing
( )3.I’m good at singing,but she does well in art.We’re really _____ each other.
A.different B.like C.different from D.the same as
13.as long as“与……一样长(久)；只要(=so long as)”
eg:①As long as it doesn’t rain,we’ll go.
②The river is as long as that one.
练习：
( )1._______ you need me,I’ll stay.
A.As B.Because of C.The same as D.As long as
( )2.The boy often does _____ his mother says.
A.likes B.for C.as D.at
14.bring out“使显现，使表现出；拿出，带出；出版，生产”
eg:①Difficulty can bring out a person’s best quality.
②Please take out your cameras and take some pictures.
练习：
( )1.Please _____ your book.Listen to me carefully.
A.bring to B.bring out C.look out D.put out
15.though(=although)conj.“尽管”adv“然而，可是”
注：作连词时，不可与but,and,so,however等词连用，但可与yet,still连用。
eg:①Although/Though he was ill,he worked hard.
②He said he would come,he didn’t,though.
练习：
( )1.I really enjoyed your speech,_______ there were some parts I didn’t quite understand,
A.because B.for C.until D.though
( )2.—How do you like the concert given by Guang Muchun?
—Exciting,______ one piece of the music wasn’t played quite well.
A.though B.because C.so D.and
( )3.Jack spent much money on books _____ he is not so rich.
A.though B.when C.if D.because
( )4.______ it’s dark now,the workers go on working there.
A.Because B.Though C.As D.When
( )5.It’s hard to believe.It’s quite true _______ .
A.then B.although C.though D.but
( )6.We don’t look the same,_____ we’re twins.
A.although B.but C.however D.so
16.That’s why从句(表示结果)。“那就是为什么……”
eg:That’s why I like listening to music very much.
注：That’s because从句(表示原因)。“那是因为……”
eg:That’s because I was ill last week.
练习：
( )1.His problem is _____ he doesn’t know what to do next.
A.what B.why C.that D.which
17.区别：other(s),the other(s),another区别
三者都是只可代可数名词。
㈠other(s)“其他的(人或物)”表示的范围不确定。
eg:In the park,some people are doing exercise.Others are flying kites.
㈡the other(s)“其余/剩余的(人或物)”表示的范围确定。
eg:She has two daughters.One is a doctor,the other is a teacher.
㈢another“再(一)，又(一)”表示三者或三者以上中的再一，又一；或者表示在原有基础上增加。
eg:①I don't like this one,show me another ,please.
②Have another apple,please.
注：⑴the rest“剩下(的),剩余(的)”，既可代替可数名词（=the others），又可代替不可数名词（=the rest+不可数名词）。
⑵other一般不单独使用，而the other和another可以单独使用。另外other+n也是错误的。
⑶another,more表示“再多少，又多少”的用法
Ⅰ“再一，又一”(=1) another one(+n(单))=one more+n(单)
Ⅱ“再……，又……”(≥2) another+数+ns=数+more+ns
练习：
( )1.How dangerous!She was driving the car with one hand and holding an ice cream with ____ .
A.the other B.another C.others D.other
( )2.China is larger than _____ countries in Asia.
A.any other B.other C.any D.the others
18.in fact“事实上；实际上”一般位于句首，引出事实上的结论。
eg:In fact,I think you’re right.
练习：
( )1.He always agrees with his friends about everything.______ ,he has no thoughts of his own.
A.Because of B.In fact C.As well D.As well as
19.be good短语
at擅长……(=do well in)
to对……好(=be friendly/kind to)
be good for对……有益(=do good to)
with对……有办法；善于应付……的；和……相处地好
练习：
( )1.Doing morning exercises _________ our health.
A.are good at B.are good at C.is good for D.is good with
( )2.I know you are good _____ maths but I don't know what your brother is fond ______ ?
A.at;at B.of;of C.at;of D.of;at
( )3.People who eat breakfast are always in _____ spirits than those who don’t.
A.good B.nice C.better D.best
( )4.It’s good for us _____ .
A.to exercise B.exercise C.exercises D.exercising
( )5.Who is _____ swimming,you or Tom?
A.better at B.better in C.good at D.good in
( )6.As a teacher,we should be good ______ the lovely children.
A.at B.of C.with D.for
( )7.—My spoken English is poor,what shall I do?
—Join an English language club to practice,and you’ll ______ it.
A.be good at B.drop in C.deal with D.be good to
20.different不同的(注： difference[C]不同之处）
短语：
be different from(=differ from)与……不同
练习：
( )1.This bird is different _____ that one.
A.with B.from C.at D.for
( )2.This school is different _____ others.It has many out-of-class activities.
A.off B.from C.of D.for
( )3.I’m good at singing,but he does well in art.We’re really _____ each other.
A.different B.like C.different from D.the same as
20.区别：news,information,message
⑴news[U]“消息，新闻”一般指通过新闻媒介向公众报道的最新消息或没有听说过的东西。
⑵information[U]“信息；资料；情报”指从别处听得或从书本中获知、由观察得来的知识等，常指零碎事实。突出内容，而不强调其新。
⑶message[C]“口信；音信”侧重于一个人要告诉另一个人消息。
eg:①Did you hear 6 o’clock news?
②This is a piece of very useful information.
③Can I take a message for you.
练习：
( )1.The manager wants to know the source of your _____ .
A.information B.news C.message D.paper
( )2.If you need some new ______ ,you may look it up on the Internet.
A.suggestions B.information C.news D.report
( )3.Just search the Internet,you can get almost all the _____ you need.
A.informations B.information C.picture D.story
21.比较级的用法
形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的变法。
⑴规则形容词、副词的变法
规则 | |
| |
以字母-e结尾的的比较级后加-r,最高级后加-st | |
以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，比较级双写最后一个加-er,最高级双写最后一个字母加-est | |
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，比较级变y为i再加-er,最高级变y为i再加-est | |
其它双音节和多音节词，比较级在前加-more,最高级前加-most | beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful |
注：以-ly结尾的形容词、副词变比较级或最高级时，一般加more或most。
eg:quickly------more quickly--------most quickly
⑵不规则形容词、副词的变法
原级 | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| farther-----farthest或further------furthest |
| older------oldest或elder-------eldest |
㈢倍数表示法
结构为：
倍数+as+adj/adv原级+as
倍数+adj/adv比较级+than
倍数+the +n(长、宽、高等)+of
eg:①The room is three times bigger than that one.
②The room is three times as big as that one.
③He earns five times more money than he did ten years ago.
④He has got three times as many books as his sister.
⑤The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
㈣比较级表示最高级的方法
eg:①Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.
②Mike is more intelligent than the other students in his class.
★③I’ve never seen a better movie than that I’ve seen last night.
㈤“The+比较句，the+比较句.”句型，意为"越……，越……。"
eg:The harder you study,the better grades you will get.
㈥“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+(多音节)形容词或副词”意为“越来越……”
eg:①Our country is becoming better and better.
②Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.
㈦“The+比较级+of the two+ns”意为“两者中较……的那个”
eg:Tom is the taller of the twin brothers.
㈧比较级、最高级的范围及标志
比较句必须是同类事物、同等结构的比较。
比较级比较的范围一般是两者或两部分；标志为than或语意暗示。
最高级比较的范围一般是三者或三者以上；标志为of+同类的人、物(≥3)或in+地点范围等。
㈨最高级的特殊用法
⑴表示“最……之一”，用“one of the+最高级+复数名词”。
eg:Tom is one of the tallest boys in his class.
⑵最高级前加序数词表示“第……最……的”
eg:The Yellow River is the second longest in China.
⑶表示“哪一个最……”，用“Which/Who/What is the+最高级…?”句型。
eg:Who is the tallest student in your class?
㈩比较级中的省略
由于日常交际的需要，在彼此都明白的情况下，比较的对象常常省略。
注：当than前后所使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词。该动词或助动词可以省略。
eg:①You know more about yourself than I (do).
②“What do you think of the film?”“I’ve never seen a better one(than this one).”
(十一)⑴常用来修饰原级的副词有：very,quite,so,as,fairly,enough,too,really等。
eg:He did it very well.
⑵常用来修饰比较级的副词有：much,even,still,any,far,by far(位于一般置于比较级之后和最高级之前),a little,a lot,a bit等。（注：rather既可修饰原级形容词、副词，又可修饰比较级形容词、副词。）
eg:His bike is much better than mine.
练习：
( )1._____ children there are in a family,______ their life will be.
A.The less;the better B.The fewer;the better C.Fewer;richer D.More;poorer
( )2.Lucy is _____ of the twins.
A.outgoing B.more outgoing C.the most outgoing D.the more outgoing
( )3.I think Bob is the suitable person to take the job because he can do the work well with ____ money and _____ people.
A.less;fewer B.less;more C.more;fewer D.more;less
( )4.—What do you think of the film So Young directed by Zhao Wei?
—Wonderful.I think it’s _____ than the other films about youth in recent years.
A.the best B.the worst C.much better D.much worst
( )5.After the rebuilding our school is becoming _______ .
A.more and more beautiful B.beautiful and beautiful
C.more beautiful and beautiful D.the more beautiful
( )6.—How about this sweater?
—It’s much _____ than that one.
A.expensive B.most expensive C.more expensive D.the most expensive
( )7.In our city,it’s _____ in July,but it’s even _____ in August.
A.hotter;hottest B.hot;hotter C.hotter;hot D.hot;hoter
( )8.This question is _____ more difficult than that one.
A.enough B.quite C.very D.a little
( )9.Which subject is ______ ,physics or chemistry?
A.interesting B.most interesting C.more interesting D.the most interesting
( )10.I jump higher than _____ in my class.
A.any other boys B.the other boys C.any boy D.another boy
( )11.The population of Shanghai is larger than _______ .
A.Zhengzhou B.it of Zhengzhou C.that of Zhengzhou D.those of Zhengzhou
( )12.Young boys really grow fast.Both of my sons are already ____ than I am.
A.shorter B.smaller C.cleverer D.taller
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