道德经是中国古代哲学经典之一,由老子所著。它包含了许多有关道德和生活智慧的经句,其中最为著名的莫过于第一章的“道可道非常道,名可名非常名”和第二十章的“虚其心,实其腹,弱其志,强其骨”。
除此之外,还有许多其他经句也同样深刻而有启发性。以下是其中的一些经句及其翻译:
1. 道生一,一生二,二生三,三生万物。 The Tao begets one, One begets two, Two begets three, And three begets the ten thousand things.
2. 天下皆知美之为美,斯恶已。皆知善之为善,斯不善已。 When everyone recognizes beauty as beautiful, There is already ugliness. When everyone recognizes good as good, There is already evil.
3. 大道废,有仁义;智慧出,有大伪;六亲不和,有孝慈;国家昏乱,有忠臣。 When the Great Way is abandoned, There are benevolence and righteousness. When wisdom and knowledge arise, There is great hypocrisy. When there is strife in the family, There is filial piety. When a country is in chaos, There are loyal ministers.
4. 常善治人,深藏若虚。常知稼穑,谷物不积。常谦受益,万物化育。常戒不足,而不窃。 Virtue is always benevolent in dealing with people, But it is as deep as a bottomless well. It is always aware of the importance of agriculture, But it never hoards grain. It is always humble and open to learning, And it enables all things to grow and flourish. It is always mindful of what is lacking, And it never steals.
5. 前德不足,后德充盈。故临大事必先细谋,谋定而后动。 If the frontiers of virtue are not sufficient, The rear will be filled with vices. Thus, before undertaking any great matter, One should carefully plan and deliberate, And only then take action.
6. 谷神不死,是谓玄牝。 The spirit of the valley never dies; It is called the mysterious female.
7. 天地不仁,以万物为刍狗;圣人不仁,以百姓为刍狗。 Heaven and earth are not kind; They regard all things as straw dogs. The sage is not kind either; He regards the people as straw dogs.
8. 上善若水。水善利万物而不争,处众人之所恶,故几于道。 The highest good is like water. It benefits all things without contention, And it flows to places that others disdain. Therefore, it is like the Tao.
9. 道冲而用之或不盈。渊兮似万物之宗。 The Tao is like an empty vessel, Yet it is inexhaustible in its use. It is like the source of all things.
10. 常足以一矢而足下,以器械之利而不足也。 The constant is sufficient to fill one's quiver, But the usefulness of tools and equipment is limited.
11. 重为轻根,静为躁君。 The weighty is the foundation of the light, And tranquility is the ruler of agitation.
12. 天下皆知美之为美,斯恶已;皆知善之为善,斯不善已。 When everyone recognizes beauty as beautiful, There is already ugliness. When everyone recognizes good as good, There is already evil.
13. 不知不知矣。 Knowing not-knowing is the highest knowledge.
14. 与人方便,自己方便;与人不便,自己不便。 To be of benefit to others is to be of benefit to oneself. To be of harm to others is to be of harm to oneself.
15. 用兵有言:吾不敢为主而为客;不敢进寸而退尺。 This is the art of war: I dare not be the host but would rather be the guest. I dare not advance an inch but would rather retreat a foot.
16. 知人者智,自知者明。胜人者有力,自胜者强。 He who knows others is wise; He who knows himself is enlightened. He who conquers others is strong; He who conquers himself is mighty.
17. 其安易持,其未兆易谋。其脆易泮,其微易散。为之于未有,治之于未乱。 The easy is preserved with care, The unmanifest is easily planned for. The brittle is easily shattered, The small is easily dispersed. Act on it before it exists; Manage it before it becomes chaotic.
18. 大音希声,大象无形。 The greatest sound is silent; The greatest form is formless.
19. 治大国若烹小鲜。 The governance of a great state is like cooking a small fish.
20. 道常无为而无不为。 The Tao is always non-action, yet there is nothing it does not accomplish.
21. 知人者知也,自知者明也。胜人者有力也,自胜者强也。 He who knows others is knowledgeable, He who knows himself is insightful. He who conquers others is powerful, He who conquers himself is invincible.
22. 治人事天莫如躬。 The governance of people is nothing compared to the cultivation of the self.
23. 重为轻根,静为躁君。 The heavy is the foundation of the light, And tranquility is the ruler of agitation.
24. 拳拳之心,炎炎之志,求其上者,不可得而得也;求其下者,不可失而失也。 With a sincere heart and a fiery spirit, The seeker of the highest cannot be attained by seeking, Yet it cannot be lost by seeking the lowest.
25. 以慈故能勇。 With kindness, one can be brave.
26. 为学日益,为道日损。 One increases in knowledge every day, But decreases in the Way every day.
27. 知者不言,言者不知。 The knowledgeable do not speak; The speakers are not knowledgeable.
28. 知其雄,守其雌,为天下谿。 Knowing the male, yet guarding the female, One becomes the stream of the world.
29. 道生之,德畜之,物形之,势成之。 The Tao gave birth to it, Virtue nurtured it, Matter formed it, And circumstance completed it.
30. 常善战,以保信。常善攻,人不知其所守;常善守,人不知其所攻。 Always fight for the sake of trust. Always attack where the enemy is unprepared; Always defend where the enemy is strong.
31. 为无为,事无事,味无味。 Make the effort to do nothing, Attend to the affairs of non-affairs, Taste the flavor of non-flavor.
32. 道常无名,朴虽小,天下莫能臣也。 The Tao is always without a name, Simple though it may be, No one in the world can subjugate it.
33. 孔德之容,惟道是从。 The essence of Confucianism, nothing but following the Tao.
34. 天地不仁,以万物为刍狗;圣人不仁,以百姓为刍狗。 Heaven and earth are not kind; They regard all things as straw dogs. The sage is not kind either; He regards the people as straw dogs.
35. 贪夫徇财,师是以为名;舍生忘死,以之为利。 The greedy pursue wealth, And use it to gain fame. But those who sacrifice their lives, And forget themselves, are truly valuable.
36. 视其所以,观其所由,察其所安。看他的作为,观察他的来由,察看他的安适。
37. 大道废,有仁义;智慧出,有大伪。 The decline of the Great Way gives rise to benevolence and righteousness. The increase of knowledge brings forth great hypocrisy.
38. 少言多谋,必有殃;多言少谋,必有误。 Speak little and plan much, And you will avoid calamity; Speak much and plan little, And you will make mistakes.
39. 天下之至柔,驰骋天下之至坚。 The softest thing in the world dashes against and overcomes the hardest.
40. 道生一,一生二,二生三,三生万物。 The Tao begets one, One begets two, Two begets three, And three begets the ten thousand things.
41. 淳于足下,有罪无罚;孰知道之不径,唯欲人之难。 Beneath the feet of the honest, There is no guilt nor punishment. Who knows that the Way is not straight, But only desires that people find it difficult?
42. 道冲而用之或不盈。渊兮似万物之宗。 The Tao is like an empty vessel, Yet it is inexhaustible in its use. It is like the source of all things.
43. 天下皆知美之为美,斯恶已;皆知善之为善,斯不善已。 When everyone recognizes beauty as beautiful, There is already ugliness. When everyone recognizes good as good, There is already evil.
44. 道生之,德畜之,物形之,势成之。 The Tao gave birth to it, Virtue nurtured it, Matter formed it, And circumstance completed it.
45. 以其昏昏,使人昭昭。 The obscured is made clear through the enlightening of others.
46. 知足不辱,知止不殆,可以长久。 Knowing contentment avoids disgrace, Knowing when to stop avoids danger, And one can thus endure long.
47. 知者不言,言者不知。 The knowledgeable do not speak; The speakers are not knowledgeable.
48. 为学日益,为道日损。 One increases in knowledge every day, But decreases in the Way every day.
49. 其安易持,其未兆易谋。其脆易泮,其微易散。为之于未有,治之于未乱。 The easy is preserved with care, The unmanifest is easily planned for. The brittle is easily shattered, The small is easily dispersed. Act on it before it exists; Manage it before it becomes chaotic.
50. 知人者智,自知者明。胜人者有力,自胜者强。 He who knows others is wise; He who knows himself is enlightened. He who conquers others is strong; He who conquers himself is mighty.
51. 天下之至柔,驰骋天下之至坚。 The softest thing in the world dashes against and overcomes the hardest.
52. 知足不辱,知止不殆,可以长久。 Knowing contentment avoids disgrace, Knowing when to stop avoids danger, And one can thus endure long.
53. 以其昏昏,使人昭昭。 The obscured is made clear through the enlightening of others.
54. 视其所以,观其所由,察其所安。看他的作为,观察他的来由,察看他的安适。
55. 知足者富。 The contented are wealthy.
56. 为无为,事无事,味无味。 Make the effort to do nothing, Attend to the affairs of non-affairs, Taste the flavor of non-flavor.
57. 天地不仁,以万物为刍狗;圣人不仁,以百姓为刍狗。 Heaven and earth are not kind; They regard all things as straw dogs. The sage is not kind either; He regards the people as straw dogs.
58. 不为而有,不为而利。 The Tao is without action, yet it accomplishes everything; It is without effort, yet it is beneficial to all.
59. 知者不惑,仁者不忧,勇者不惧。 The knowledgeable are not perplexed, The benevolent are not anxious, The courageous are not afraid.
60. 道常无为而无不为。 The Tao is always non-action, yet there is nothing it does not accomplish.
61. 知其雄,守其雌,为天下谿。 Knowing the male, yet guarding the female, One becomes the stream of the world.
62. 孔德之容,惟道是从。 The essence of Confucianism, nothing but following the Tao.
63. 视其所以,观其所由,察其所安。看他的作为,观察他的来由,察看他的安适。
64. 大音希声,大象无形。 The greatest sound is silent; The greatest form is formless.
65. 用兵有言:吾不敢为主而为客;不敢进寸而退尺。 This is the art of war: I dare not be the host but would rather be the guest. I dare not advance an inch but would rather retreat a foot.
66. 知人者知也,自知者明也。胜人者有力也,自胜者强也。 He who knows others is knowledgeable, He who knows himself is insightful. He who conquers others is powerful, He who conquers himself is invincible.
67. 其安易持,其未兆易谋。其脆易泮,其微易散。为之于未有,治之于未乱。 The easy is preserved with care, The unmanifest is easily planned for. The brittle is easily shattered, The small is easily dispersed. Act on it before it exists; Manage it before it becomes chaotic.
68. 常足以一矢而足下,以器械之利而不足也。 The constant is sufficient to fill one's quiver, But the usefulness of tools and equipment is limited.
69. 谷神不死,是谓玄牝。 The spirit of the valley never dies; It is called the mysterious female.
70. 道常无为而无不为。 The Tao is always non-action, yet there is nothing it does not accomplish.
71. 不知不知矣。 Knowing not-knowing is the highest knowledge.
72. 与人方便,自己方便;与人不便,自己不便。 To be of benefit to others is to be of benefit to oneself. To be of harm to others is to be of harm to oneself.
73. 重为轻根,静为躁君。 The heavy is the foundation of the light, And tranquility is the ruler of agitation.
74. 天下皆知美之为美,斯恶已。皆知善之为善,斯不善已。 When everyone recognizes beauty as beautiful, There is already ugliness. When everyone recognizes good as good, There is already evil.
75. 前德不足,后德充盈。故临大事必先细谋,谋定而后动。 If the frontiers of virtue are not sufficient, The rear will be filled with vices. Thus, before undertaking any great matter, One should carefully plan and deliberate, And only then take action.
76. 天下皆谓我道大,似不肖。夫唯大,故似不肖。若肖,久矣其细也夫。 Everyone in the world says that my Tao is great, But it seems insignificant. Because it is great, It seems insignificant. If it were insignificant, It would have vanished long ago.
77. 重为轻根,静为躁君。 The heavy is the foundation of the light, And tranquility is the ruler of agitation.
78. 天下皆知美之为美,斯恶已。皆知善之为善,斯不善已。 When everyone recognizes beauty as beautiful, There is already ugliness. When everyone recognizes good as good, There is already evil.
79. 谷神不死,是谓玄牝。 The spirit of the valley never dies; It is called the mysterious female.
80. 孔德之容,惟道是从。 The essence of Conf
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